Difference between revisions of "Glycyrrhiza glabra"

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{{SPlantbox
 
{{SPlantbox
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|genus= Glycyrrhiza
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|familia=Fabaceae
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|genus=Glycyrrhiza
 
|species=glabra
 
|species=glabra
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|habit=shrub
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|common_name=Licorice, Liquorice, Sweetwood
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|habit_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
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|name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
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|Min ht box=36
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|habit=herbaceous
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|Min ht metric=in
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|habit_ref=Wikipedia
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|Max ht box=36
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|Max ht metric=in
 
|height_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
 
|height_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
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|Min wd box=36
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|Max wd box=36
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|Max wd metric=in
 
|width_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
 
|width_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
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|poisonous=yes, see text
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|poison_ref=Wikipedia
 
|lifespan=perennial, annual
 
|lifespan=perennial, annual
 
|life_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
 
|life_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
 
|exposure=sun
 
|exposure=sun
 
|sun_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
 
|sun_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
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|features=flowers, edible
 
|flower_season=early summer, mid summer, late summer
 
|flower_season=early summer, mid summer, late summer
 
|flower_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
 
|flower_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
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|usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
 
|usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
 
|max_zone=9
 
|max_zone=9
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|image=Upload.png
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|image=Koeh-207.jpg
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|image_width=240
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|image_width=200
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'''Liquorice''' ({{PronEng|ˈlɪkərɪʃ}} {{respell|LIK|ə-rish}}),<ref>[http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/licorice Merriam-Webster Online: Licorice]</ref> also '''licorice''', is the root of '''''Glycyrrhiza glabra''''' from which a sweet flavour can be extracted. The liquorice plant is a [[legume]] (related to beans and [[pea]]s), native to southern Europe and parts of [[Asia]]. It is not related to [[Anise]], [[Star Anise]] or [[Fennel]], which are the source of <!-- Is "superficially" the best word to describe the similarities between these plants? -->superficially similar flavouring compounds. It is an [[herbaceous]] [[perennial plant|perennial]], growing to 1 m in height, with [[pinnate]] [[leaf|leaves]] about 7–15 centimetres (3–6&nbsp;in) long, with 9–17 leaflets. The [[flower]]s are 0.8–1.2&nbsp;cm (½–⅓&nbsp;in) long, purple to pale whitish blue, produced in a loose [[inflorescence]]. The [[fruit]] is an oblong [[legume|pod]], 2–3 centimetres (1&nbsp;in) long, containing several [[seed]]s.<ref name=rhs>Huxley, A., ed. (1992). ''New RHS Dictionary of Gardening''. ISBN 0-333-47494-5</ref> The flavor of liquorice comes mainly from a sweet-tasting compound called [[anethole]] ("trans"-1-methoxy-4-(prop-1-enyl)benzene), an aromatic, unsaturated ether compound also found in anise, fennel, and other herbs. Additional sweetness in liquorice comes from [[glycyrrhizin]], a compound sweeter than [[sugar]].
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Excessive consumption of liquorice or liquorice candy is known to be [[Toxicity|toxic]] to the [[liver]]<ref>[http://www.salisbury.edu/nursing/herbalremedies/Toxic%20herbs.htm ''The Nurse's Guide To Herbal Remedies'' from Salisbury University]</ref> and [[Circulatory system|cardiovascular system]], and may produce [[hypertension]] <ref>[http://www.zuidencomm.nl/njm/getpdf.php?id=381 ''Liquorice and hypertension'' Editorial in The Netherlands Journal of Medicine, 2005]</ref> and [[oedema]].<ref>[http://www.umdnj.edu/umcweb/marketing_and_communications/publications/umdnj_magazine/hstate/wntr00/pulse/pulse7.htm ''A Guide to Medicinal and Aromatic Plants'' from Purdue University]</ref> The [[European Commission]] 2008 report suggested that “people should not consume any more than 100mg of [[glycyrrhizic acid]] a day, for it can raise [[blood pressure]] or cause muscle weakness, chronic fatigue, headaches or swelling, and lower testosterone levels in men.”
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{{Inc|
 
{{Inc|
 
Glycyrrhiza glabra, Linn. Height 2-3 ft.: leaflets ovate, subretuse, subglutinous beneath, 4-8 pairs, with an odd one: spikes peduncled, shorter than the leaves; flowers closely clustered, the calyx glandular pubescent: pods glabrous, 3-4- seeded. Summer and autumn.—Seeds in pods are listed by a few dealers with miscellaneous agricultural seeds.
 
Glycyrrhiza glabra, Linn. Height 2-3 ft.: leaflets ovate, subretuse, subglutinous beneath, 4-8 pairs, with an odd one: spikes peduncled, shorter than the leaves; flowers closely clustered, the calyx glandular pubescent: pods glabrous, 3-4- seeded. Summer and autumn.—Seeds in pods are listed by a few dealers with miscellaneous agricultural seeds.
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==Cultivation==
 
==Cultivation==
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Liquorice grows best in deep, fertile, well-drained soils, with full sun, and is harvested in the [[autumn]], two to three years after planting.<ref name=rhs/>
  
 
===Propagation===
 
===Propagation===
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Latest revision as of 12:38, 31 July 2010


Koeh-207.jpg


Plant Characteristics
Habit   herbaceous

Height: ⇕ 36 in"in" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 36.
Width: ⇔ 36 in"in" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 36.
Lifespan: ⌛ perennial, annual
Poisonous: ☠ yes, see text
Bloom: ❀ early summer, mid summer, late summer
Cultivation
Exposure: ☼ sun
Features: ✓ flowers, edible
USDA Zones: 7 to 9
Flower features: ❀ blue, purple
Scientific Names

Fabaceae >

Glycyrrhiza >

glabra >


Liquorice (Template:PronEng Template:Respell),[1] also licorice, is the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra from which a sweet flavour can be extracted. The liquorice plant is a legume (related to beans and peas), native to southern Europe and parts of Asia. It is not related to Anise, Star Anise or Fennel, which are the source of superficially similar flavouring compounds. It is an herbaceous perennial, growing to 1 m in height, with pinnate leaves about 7–15 centimetres (3–6 in) long, with 9–17 leaflets. The flowers are 0.8–1.2 cm (½–⅓ in) long, purple to pale whitish blue, produced in a loose inflorescence. The fruit is an oblong pod, 2–3 centimetres (1 in) long, containing several seeds.[2] The flavor of liquorice comes mainly from a sweet-tasting compound called anethole ("trans"-1-methoxy-4-(prop-1-enyl)benzene), an aromatic, unsaturated ether compound also found in anise, fennel, and other herbs. Additional sweetness in liquorice comes from glycyrrhizin, a compound sweeter than sugar.

Excessive consumption of liquorice or liquorice candy is known to be toxic to the liver[3] and cardiovascular system, and may produce hypertension [4] and oedema.[5] The European Commission 2008 report suggested that “people should not consume any more than 100mg of glycyrrhizic acid a day, for it can raise blood pressure or cause muscle weakness, chronic fatigue, headaches or swelling, and lower testosterone levels in men.”


Read about Glycyrrhiza glabra in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Glycyrrhiza glabra, Linn. Height 2-3 ft.: leaflets ovate, subretuse, subglutinous beneath, 4-8 pairs, with an odd one: spikes peduncled, shorter than the leaves; flowers closely clustered, the calyx glandular pubescent: pods glabrous, 3-4- seeded. Summer and autumn.—Seeds in pods are listed by a few dealers with miscellaneous agricultural seeds. CH


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

Liquorice grows best in deep, fertile, well-drained soils, with full sun, and is harvested in the autumn, two to three years after planting.[2]

Propagation

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Pests and diseases

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Species

Gallery

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References

External links


  1. ↑ Merriam-Webster Online: Licorice
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Huxley, A., ed. (1992). New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. ISBN 0-333-47494-5
  3. ↑ The Nurse's Guide To Herbal Remedies from Salisbury University
  4. ↑ Liquorice and hypertension Editorial in The Netherlands Journal of Medicine, 2005
  5. ↑ A Guide to Medicinal and Aromatic Plants from Purdue University
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