Difference between revisions of "Acalypha"

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{{Taxobox
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{{SPlantbox
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| color = lightgreen
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|familia=Euphorbiaceae
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| name = ''Acalypha''
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|genus=Acalypha
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| image = Acalypha hispida0.jpg
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|lifespan=perennial
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| image_width = 200px
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|life_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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| image_caption = ''[[Acalypha hispida]]''
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|Temp Metric=°F
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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|image=Acalypha hispida.jpg
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| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
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|image_width=240
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| ordo = [[Malpighiales]]
 
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| familia = [[Euphorbiaceae]]
 
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| subfamilia = [[Acalyphoideae]]
 
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| tribus = [[Acalypheae]]
 
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| subtribus = '''Acalyphinae'''
 
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| genus = '''''Acalypha'''''
 
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| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]</small>
 
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| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
 
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| subdivision =  
 
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*''[[Acalypha bipartita]]''
 
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*''[[Acalypha californica]]''
 
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*''[[Acalypha godseffiana]]'' - copper leaf
 
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*''[[Acalypha gracilens]]''
 
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*''[[Acalypha hispida]]'' - chenille plant, Philippine medusa, red-hot cattail
 
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*''[[Acalypha klavea]]''
 
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*''[[Acalypha monococca]]''
 
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*''[[Acalypha pendula]]''
 
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*''[[Acalypha phleoides]]''
 
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*''[[Acalypha radians]]''
 
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*''[[Acalypha repens]]''
 
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*''[[Acalypha rhomboidea]]'' - common copperleaf
 
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*''[[Acalypha rubrinervis]]''
 
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*''[[Acalypha siamensis]]''
 
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*''[[Acalypha virginica]]'' - Virginia copperleaf, Virginia threeseed mercury
 
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*''[[Acalypha wilkesiana]]'' - Obovata Cristata, copperleaf
 
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et al.
 
 
}}
 
}}
 +
'''''Acalypha'''''<ref>[[Latin]]ized [[Ancient Greek]] from ''akaluphē'' (''ἀκαλύφη''), a [[nettle]]-like plant</ref> is a [[plant]] [[genus]] of the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Euphorbiaceae]]. It is the sole genus of the [[subtribe]] '''Acalyphinae'''. With 450 to 500 [[species]] of [[herb]]s and [[shrub]]s, the genus is only behind ''[[Euphorbia]]'', ''[[Croton (genus)|Croton]]'' and ''[[Phyllanthus]]'' in term of [[Malpighiales]] diversity. The common names are '''copperleaves''' or '''three-seeded mercuries'''.
  
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'''''Acalypha''''' (from [[Greek language|Greek]], "nettle") is a [[plant]] [[genus]] of the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Euphorbiaceae]] and the sole genus of the [[subtribe]] '''Acalyphinae'''. With 450 to 500 [[species]] of [[herb]]s to [[shrub]]s, the genus is only behind ''[[Euphorbia]]'', ''[[Croton (genus)|Croton]]'' and ''[[Phyllanthus]]'' in term of diversity. ''[[Acalypha hispida]]'', cultivated as [[houseplant]] because of its colorful and texturally exciting flowers, is by far the best-known species. Others are grown for their [[foliage]]. ''[[Acalypha bipartita]]'' is eaten as a vegetable in some parts of Africa. <ref>Grubben, G.J.H. & Denton, O.A. (2004) Plant Resources of Tropical Africa 2. Vegetables. PROTA Foundation, Wageningen; Backhuys, Leiden; CTA, Wageningen.</ref>
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These plants are mostly [[Tropics|tropical]] or [[subtropical]] (but not present in [[Hawaiʻi]] and several other [[Pacific Islands]]), with a few representatives in [[temperate zone]]s. The [[Americas]] contain two thirds of the known species, distributed from southern [[United States]] to [[Uruguay]] and northern [[Argentina]].
  
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===Distribution===
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Several species, such as ''[[Acalypha ecuadorica|A. ecuadorica]]'', ''[[Acalypha eggersii|A. eggersii]]'' and ''[[Acalypha raivavensis|A. raivavensis]]'' are nearly [[extinct]], and the [[St. Helena Mountain Bush]] or "stringwood" (''A. rubrinervis'') already is.
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These species are mostly [[Tropics|tropical]] or [[subtropical]] (but not present in [[Hawaii]] and several other [[Pacific Islands]]), with a few representatives in [[temperate zone]]s. The [[Americas]] contain two third of the known species, distributed from southern [[United States]] to [[Uruguay]] and northern [[Argentina]].
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{{Inc|
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Acalypha (a name given by Hippocrates to a nettle). Euphorbiaceae. Copper-leaf. Three-seeded Mercury. Brilliant tender foliage shrubs or herbs much used for greenhouse ornament, and especially for bedding-out; and in Florida and southward for lawn shrubs and hedges.
 +
 
 +
The acalyphas are erect shrubs or, in the native species, rather weedy herbs, with alternate stipulate lvs: fls. in spikes or spike-like racemes, the staminate cluster peduncled, each fl. in the axil of a minute bractlet, with a 4-parted calyx and 8-16 stamens; pistillate fls. subtended by a foliaceous bractlet, the calyx 3-5 parted; petals wanting in both kinds of fls., the long spike-like ament being the showy part of the fls.: fr. usually of 3-2-valved carpels, each 1-seeded.
 +
 
 +
For bedding, it is desirable to have strong, well- hardened plants in 4-inch pots, which should be set out the last week in May, and grown in a rich, moist soil without check. The leading horticultural species is A. hispida. The main point in the cultivation of this species is that it can be grown either to a single stem or in a spreading bush form, both of which ways are effective. Stock plants of acalypha do well in a mixture of three parts loam, one part well-decomposed manure, and, if the loam is heavy, also some sharp sand. In central Florida, none of the acalyphas is quite hardy. They should be banked late in the fall with dry sand, which must be removed when all danger of frost is over.
 +
 
 +
Propagation is by cuttings, chiefly in three ways: (1) in fall from outdoor bedded plants; (2) from plants lifted in fall, cut back, and kept for spring stock; (3) from stock plants in pots reserved from the previous season. The well-ripened wood of these last is a great advantage, and gives cuttings that may be taken with a heel. A mature stem will furnish several beside the top one. This is the best method for general purposes. Cuttings may also be taken below the joints when the shoots are half mature. The cuttings require mild bottom heat. For greenhouse ornament in fall and winter, excellent specimens may be secured from cuttings made in summer from such stock plants.
 +
 
 +
The acalyphas are subject to mealy-bug, scale and red-spider. For the first two, fumigate with hydrocyanic acid gas. The red-spider can be kept in check by syringing or spraying.{{SCH}}
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}}
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==Cultivation==
 +
{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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===Propagation===
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{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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===Pests and diseases===
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{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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==Species==
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Species{{wp}}:
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* ''[[Acalypha alopecuroides]]''
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* ''[[Acalypha amentacea]]''
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** ''Acalypha amentacea'' subsp. ''[[Acalypha amentacea ssp. wilkesiana‎|wilkesiana]]'' (syn. ''A. godseffiana)
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* ''[[Acalypha andina]]''
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* ''[[Acalypha arvensis]]''
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* ''[[Acalypha australis]]''
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* ''[[Acalypha bipartita]]''
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* ''[[Acalypha bisetosa]]''
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* ''[[Acalypha californica]]'' &ndash; [[California Copperleaf]], Pringle Three-seeded Mercury
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* ''[[Acalypha chlorocardia]]''
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* ''[[Acalypha chuniana]]''
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* ''[[Acalypha costaricensis]]''
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* ''[[Acalypha dictyoneura]]''
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* ''[[Acalypha diversifolia]]''
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* ''[[Acalypha ecuadorica]]''
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* ''[[Acalypha eggersii]]''
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* ''[[Acalypha glabrata]]''
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* ''[[Acalypha gracilens]]''
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* ''[[Acalypha gummifera]]''
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* ''[[Acalypha hispida]]'' &ndash; [[Chenille Plant]], Philippine Medusa, Red-hot Cattail, "[[foxtail]]"
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* ''[[Acalypha hontauyuensis]]''
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* ''[[Acalypha indica]]'', Indian Acalypha
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* ''[[Acalypha klavea]]''
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* ''[[Acalypha lancasteri|Acalypha × lancasteri]]''{{Verify source|date=November 2007}}<!-- check if hybrid, cultivar, ect -->
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* ''[[Acalypha lancetillae]]''
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* ''[[Acalypha lepinei]]''
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* ''[[Acalypha leptopoda]]''
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* ''[[Acalypha macrostachya]]''
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* ''[[Acalypha monococca]]''
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* ''[[Acalypha mortoniana]]''
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* ''[[Acalypha ostryifolia]]''
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* ''[[Acalypha pendula]]''
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* ''[[Acalypha phleoides]]''
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* ''[[Acalypha polystachya]]''
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* ''[[Acalypha portoricensis]]''
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* ''[[Acalypha radians]]''
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* ''[[Acalypha raivavensis]]''
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* ''[[Acalypha repens]]''
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* ''[[Acalypha reptans]]''
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* ''[[Acalypha rhomboidea]]'' &ndash; [[Common Copperleaf]], Common Three-seeded Mercury
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* ''[[Acalypha rubrinervis]]'' &ndash; [[St. Helena Mountain Bush]], String Tree, Stringwood - [[extinct]] (c.1860)
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* ''[[Acalypha schimpffii]]''
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* ''[[Acalypha setosa]]''
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* ''[[Acalypha siamensis]]''
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* ''[[Acalypha skutchii]]''
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* ''[[Acalypha sonderiana]]''
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* ''[[Acalypha suirenbiensis]]''
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* ''[[Acalypha tunguraguae]]''
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* ''[[Acalypha umbrosa]]''
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* ''[[Acalypha villosa]]''
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* ''[[Acalypha virginica]]'' &ndash; [[Virginia Copperleaf]], [[Virginia Three-seeded Mercury]]
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* ''[[Acalypha wilkesiana]]'' &ndash; Beefsteakplant, Copperleaf, Fire-dragon, Jacob's-coat<ref name="GRIN">{{cite web
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| url = http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/
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| title = Taxon: ''Acalypha wilkesiana'' Müll. Arg.
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| accessdate = 2008-03-23
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| author = Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN)
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| authorlink = Germplasm Resources Information Network
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| date = 1999-08-30
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| format = HTML
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| work = Taxonomy for Plants
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| publisher = [[United States Department of Agriculture|USDA]], [[Agricultural Research Service|ARS]], National Genetic Resources Program, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland
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}}</ref>
  
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===Taxonomy===
 
 
The following genera have been brought into [[synonymy]] with ''Acalypha'':
 
The following genera have been brought into [[synonymy]] with ''Acalypha'':
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*'''''Acalyphes''''' <small>[[Hassk.]]<small>
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*'''''Acalyphes'''''
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*'''''Acalyphopsis''''' <small>[[Ferdinand Albin Pax|Pax]] & [[K.Hoffm.]]<small>
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*'''''Acalyphopsis'''''
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*'''''Calyptrospatha''''' <small>[[Johann Friedrich Klotzsch|Klotzsch]] ex [[Henri Ernest Baillon|Baill.]]<small>
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*'''''Calyptrospatha'''''
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*'''''Caturus''''' <small>[[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]<small>
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*'''''Caturus'''''
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*'''''Corythea''''' <small>[[S.Watson]]<small>
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*'''''Corythea'''''
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*'''''Cupameni''''' <small>[[Michel Adanson|Adans.]]<small>
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*'''''Cupameni'''''
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*'''''Galurus''''' <small>[[Kurt Sprengel|Spreng.]]<small>
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*'''''Galurus'''''
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*'''''Gymnalypha''''' <small>[[August Heinrich Rudolf Grisebach|Griseb.]]<small>
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*'''''Gymnalypha'''''
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*'''''Linostachys''''' <small>[[Johann Friedrich Klotzsch|Klotzsch]] ex [[Diederich Franz Leonhard von Schlechtendal|Schltdl.]]<small>
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*'''''Linostachys'''''
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*'''''Mercuriastrum''''' <small>[[Fabr.]]<small>
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*'''''Mercuriastrum'''''
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*'''''Odonteilema''''' <small>[[Turcz.]]<small>
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*'''''Odonteilema'''''
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*'''''Paracelsea''''' <small>[[Heinrich Zollinger|Zoll.]]<small>
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*'''''Paracelsea'''''
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*'''''Ricinocarpus''''' <small>[[Otto Kuntze|Kuntze]]<small>
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*'''''Ricinocarpus'''''
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*'''''Schizogyne''''' <small>[[Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg|Ehrenb.]] ex [[Ferdinand Albin Pax|Pax]]<small>
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*'''''Schizogyne'''''
 +
 
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==Gallery==
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
 +
 
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<gallery>
 +
Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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</gallery>
  
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==References==  
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==References==
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*Pax, F. & K. Hoffmann (1924) in Engler, Adolf: ''Das Pflanzenreich'', Heft (Fascicle)85:IV.147.XVI:Euphorbiaceae-Crotonoideae-Acalypheae-Acalyphinae, 12 [monographic revision]
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
−
<references/>
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
 +
<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
 +
<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
  
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== External links==
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==External links==
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*[http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/consumer/factsheets/annuals/chenilleplant.html NC State Univ]
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*{{wplink}}
  
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[[Category:Euphorbiaceae]]
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{{stub}}
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[[Category:Pantropical flora]]
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__NOTOC__

Latest revision as of 18:48, 15 September 2010


Acalypha hispida.jpg


Plant Characteristics
Lifespan: ⌛ perennial
Cultivation
Scientific Names

Euphorbiaceae >

Acalypha >


If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!


Acalypha[1] is a plant genus of the family Euphorbiaceae. It is the sole genus of the subtribe Acalyphinae. With 450 to 500 species of herbs and shrubs, the genus is only behind Euphorbia, Croton and Phyllanthus in term of Malpighiales diversity. The common names are copperleaves or three-seeded mercuries.

These plants are mostly tropical or subtropical (but not present in Hawaiʻi and several other Pacific Islands), with a few representatives in temperate zones. The Americas contain two thirds of the known species, distributed from southern United States to Uruguay and northern Argentina.

Several species, such as A. ecuadorica, A. eggersii and A. raivavensis are nearly extinct, and the St. Helena Mountain Bush or "stringwood" (A. rubrinervis) already is.


Read about Acalypha in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Acalypha (a name given by Hippocrates to a nettle). Euphorbiaceae. Copper-leaf. Three-seeded Mercury. Brilliant tender foliage shrubs or herbs much used for greenhouse ornament, and especially for bedding-out; and in Florida and southward for lawn shrubs and hedges.

The acalyphas are erect shrubs or, in the native species, rather weedy herbs, with alternate stipulate lvs: fls. in spikes or spike-like racemes, the staminate cluster peduncled, each fl. in the axil of a minute bractlet, with a 4-parted calyx and 8-16 stamens; pistillate fls. subtended by a foliaceous bractlet, the calyx 3-5 parted; petals wanting in both kinds of fls., the long spike-like ament being the showy part of the fls.: fr. usually of 3-2-valved carpels, each 1-seeded.

For bedding, it is desirable to have strong, well- hardened plants in 4-inch pots, which should be set out the last week in May, and grown in a rich, moist soil without check. The leading horticultural species is A. hispida. The main point in the cultivation of this species is that it can be grown either to a single stem or in a spreading bush form, both of which ways are effective. Stock plants of acalypha do well in a mixture of three parts loam, one part well-decomposed manure, and, if the loam is heavy, also some sharp sand. In central Florida, none of the acalyphas is quite hardy. They should be banked late in the fall with dry sand, which must be removed when all danger of frost is over.

Propagation is by cuttings, chiefly in three ways: (1) in fall from outdoor bedded plants; (2) from plants lifted in fall, cut back, and kept for spring stock; (3) from stock plants in pots reserved from the previous season. The well-ripened wood of these last is a great advantage, and gives cuttings that may be taken with a heel. A mature stem will furnish several beside the top one. This is the best method for general purposes. Cuttings may also be taken below the joints when the shoots are half mature. The cuttings require mild bottom heat. For greenhouse ornament in fall and winter, excellent specimens may be secured from cuttings made in summer from such stock plants.

The acalyphas are subject to mealy-bug, scale and red-spider. For the first two, fumigate with hydrocyanic acid gas. The red-spider can be kept in check by syringing or spraying.CH


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

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Propagation

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Pests and diseases

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Species

Specieswp:

The following genera have been brought into synonymy with Acalypha:

  • Acalyphes
  • Acalyphopsis
  • Calyptrospatha
  • Caturus
  • Corythea
  • Cupameni
  • Galurus
  • Gymnalypha
  • Linostachys
  • Mercuriastrum
  • Odonteilema
  • Paracelsea
  • Ricinocarpus
  • Schizogyne

Gallery

If you have a photo of this plant, please upload it! Plus, there may be other photos available for you to add.

  • photo 1

  • photo 2

  • photo 3

References

External links


  1. ↑ Latinized Ancient Greek from akaluphē (ἀκαλύφη), a nettle-like plant
  2. ↑ Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) (1999-08-30). "Taxon: Acalypha wilkesiana Müll. Arg." (HTML). Taxonomy for Plants. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved on 2008-03-23.
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