Difference between revisions of "Actinidia"

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{{SPlantbox
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|familia=Actinidiaceae
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|genus=Actinidia
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|habit=vine-climber
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|habit_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|origin=E Asia
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|exposure=sun, part-sun
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|sun_ref=Sunset National Garden Book
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|water=moist, moderate
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|water_ref=Sunset National Garden Book
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|features=evergreen, deciduous
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|Temp Metric=°F
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|sunset_zones=vary by species
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|image=Kiwis 006eue.jpg
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|image_width=240
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}}
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'''''Actinidia''''' ({{pron-en|ˌæktɨˈnɪdiə}})<ref>''Sunset Western Garden Book,'' 1995:606–607</ref> is a genus of [[woody plant|woody]] and, with few exceptions, [[dioecious]] plants native to temperate eastern [[Asia]]. The genus includes [[shrub]]s growing to 6 m tall, and vigorous, strong-growing [[vine]]s, growing up to 30 m in [[tree]] canopies.
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The [[leaf|leaves]] are alternate, simple, with a dentate margin and a long [[Petiole (botany)|petiole]]. The [[flower]]s are solitary or in axillary [[Cyme (botany)|cymes]], usually white, with five small [[petal]]s. Most of the species are [[plant sexuality|dioecious]] with separate male and female plants, but some are [[plant sexuality|monoecious]]. The [[fruit]] is a large [[berry]] containing numerous small [[seed]]s; in most species the fruit is edible. In particular this genus is known for the species [[Actinidia deliciosa]], the kiwifruit.
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{{Inc|
 
{{Inc|
 
Actinidia (aktis, ray; referring to the radiate styles). Dilleniaceae. Climbing shrubs cultivated for their handsome foliage which is beautifully variegated in some species, and a few also for their edible fruit.
 
Actinidia (aktis, ray; referring to the radiate styles). Dilleniaceae. Climbing shrubs cultivated for their handsome foliage which is beautifully variegated in some species, and a few also for their edible fruit.
  
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Twining shrubs: winter-buds inclosed in the swollen base of the petiole: lvs. alternate, long-stalked, senate or sometimes entire: fls. in axillary cymes sometimes solitary, dioecious or polygamous, cup-shaped, 1/2-2 in. across, white or rarely reddish; sepals 5, imbricate; petals 5, convolute; stamens numerous; ovary superior, many-celled; styles numerous, ray-like spreading: fr. a berry, with numerous small seeas.— More than 20 species, chiefly in E. Asia from Saghalin to Java, also on the Himalayas. A revision of the genus has been published by Dunn in Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 39:394-410(1911).
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Twining shrubs: winter-buds inclosed in the swollen base of the petiole: lvs. alternate, long-stalked, senate or sometimes entire: fls. in axillary cymes sometimes solitary, dioecious or polygamous, cup-shaped, 1/2-2 in. across, white or rarely reddish; sepals 5, imbricate; petals 5, convolute; stamens numerous; ovary superior, many-celled; styles numerous, ray-like spreading: fr. a berry, with numerous small seeas.— More than 20 species, chiefly in E. Asia from Saghalin to Java, also on the Himalayas.
  
 
About 7 species are in cultivation; of these A. Kolomikta is the hardiest, growing as far north as eastern Canada; A. arguta and A. polygama are hardy in Massachusetts, while A. chinensis, which is the most beautiful of all, and A. coriacea, are hardy only south of Washington, but may be grown farther north if taken down in autumn and covered with leaves. A. arguta is excellent for covering arbors, trellises, walls and the like and is remarkably free from insects and fungi. A. Kolomikta and A. polygama show a very striking silvery white or pinkish variegation of the foliage, which is more pronounced in the staminate plant. A. arguta and A. chinensis are also worth cultivating for their edible fruits, particularly the latter, which has fruits up to 2 inches long, of a gooseberry-like flavor; to obtain fruit, it is necessary to plant both sexes or a plant with polygamous flowers. A. polygama, and, in a lesser degree, A. Kolomikta, attract cats and are often destroyed by them if not protected by screens.
 
About 7 species are in cultivation; of these A. Kolomikta is the hardiest, growing as far north as eastern Canada; A. arguta and A. polygama are hardy in Massachusetts, while A. chinensis, which is the most beautiful of all, and A. coriacea, are hardy only south of Washington, but may be grown farther north if taken down in autumn and covered with leaves. A. arguta is excellent for covering arbors, trellises, walls and the like and is remarkably free from insects and fungi. A. Kolomikta and A. polygama show a very striking silvery white or pinkish variegation of the foliage, which is more pronounced in the staminate plant. A. arguta and A. chinensis are also worth cultivating for their edible fruits, particularly the latter, which has fruits up to 2 inches long, of a gooseberry-like flavor; to obtain fruit, it is necessary to plant both sexes or a plant with polygamous flowers. A. polygama, and, in a lesser degree, A. Kolomikta, attract cats and are often destroyed by them if not protected by screens.
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The actinidias prefer somewhat moist and rich soil and grow as well in a sunny as in a half-shady position.
 
The actinidias prefer somewhat moist and rich soil and grow as well in a sunny as in a half-shady position.
  
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Propagation is by seeds, which are sown in spring and germinate readily; also by cuttings, of half-ripened wood in summer or by hardwood cuttings under glass, and also by layers.
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{{SCH}}
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}}
 
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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
 
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| name = ''Actinidia''
 
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| common_names =    <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank -->
 
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| growth_habit = vine
 
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| high = ?  <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
 
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| wide =    <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
 
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| origin = E Asia
 
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| poisonous =    <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
 
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| lifespan =    <!--- perennial, annual, etc -->
 
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| exposure = full sun or part-shade{{SSN}}
 
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| water = regular to moderate{{SSN}}
 
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| features =    <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
 
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| hardiness =    <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
 
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| bloom =    <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
 
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| usda_zones = Vary by species
 
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| sunset_zones = Vary by species{{SSN}}
 
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| color = IndianRed
 
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| image = Kiwis 006eue.jpg
 
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| image_width = 240px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
 
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| image_caption = Kiwi
 
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| regnum = Plantae
 
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| divisio = Magnoliophyta
 
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| classis = Magnoliopsida
 
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| ordo = Ericales
 
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| familia = Actinidiaceae
 
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| genus = Actinidia
 
 
}}
 
}}
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{{edit-desc}}<!--- Type description info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
 
  
 
==Cultivation==
 
==Cultivation==
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===Propagation===
 
===Propagation===
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{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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Propagation is by seeds, which are sown in spring and germinate readily; also by cuttings, of half-ripened wood in summer or by hardwood cuttings under glass, and also by layers{{SCH}}.
  
 
===Pests and diseases===
 
===Pests and diseases===
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*''[[Actinidia venosa]]''
 
*''[[Actinidia venosa]]''
 
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{{Inc|
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A. callosa, Lindl. Similar to A. Kolomikta. Branchleta with conspicuous lenticels, with lamellate pnl,: lvs. oval to oblong, 3-5 in. long, serrulate, quite glabrous: fls. white, 1/2 in. across: fr. ovoid, spotted, 1 in. long. China. — A. coriacea, Dunn. Allied to the preceding species. Lvs. coriaceous, oblong to lanceolate, remotely serrate, 3-4 in. long; petioles less than 1 in. long: fls. several, reddish: fr. ovoid, spotted, 1/2-3/4in- long. China. Recently offered under the name of A. Henryi, which is a totally different species, allied to A. chinensis. — A. melanandra, Franch. Allied to A. arguta. Lvs. ovate-oblong or oblong, closely serrulate: staminate corymbs many-fld. ; petals greenish at the base: fr. purple. China.{{SCH}}
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==Gallery==
 
==Gallery==
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==References==
 
==References==
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<!--- xxxxx  *[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963 -->
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
 
<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
 
<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
 
<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
 
<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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{{stub}}
 
{{stub}}
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Latest revision as of 21:36, 3 November 2010


Kiwis 006eue.jpg


Plant Characteristics
Habit   vine-climber

Origin: ✈ E Asia
Cultivation
Exposure: ☼ sun, part-sun
Water: ◍ moist, moderate
Features: ✓ evergreen, deciduous
Sunset Zones: vary by species
Scientific Names

Actinidiaceae >

Actinidia >


Actinidia (pronounced /ˌæktɨˈnɪdiə/)[1] is a genus of woody and, with few exceptions, dioecious plants native to temperate eastern Asia. The genus includes shrubs growing to 6 m tall, and vigorous, strong-growing vines, growing up to 30 m in tree canopies.

The leaves are alternate, simple, with a dentate margin and a long petiole. The flowers are solitary or in axillary cymes, usually white, with five small petals. Most of the species are dioecious with separate male and female plants, but some are monoecious. The fruit is a large berry containing numerous small seeds; in most species the fruit is edible. In particular this genus is known for the species Actinidia deliciosa, the kiwifruit.


Read about Actinidia in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Actinidia (aktis, ray; referring to the radiate styles). Dilleniaceae. Climbing shrubs cultivated for their handsome foliage which is beautifully variegated in some species, and a few also for their edible fruit.

Twining shrubs: winter-buds inclosed in the swollen base of the petiole: lvs. alternate, long-stalked, senate or sometimes entire: fls. in axillary cymes sometimes solitary, dioecious or polygamous, cup-shaped, 1/2-2 in. across, white or rarely reddish; sepals 5, imbricate; petals 5, convolute; stamens numerous; ovary superior, many-celled; styles numerous, ray-like spreading: fr. a berry, with numerous small seeas.— More than 20 species, chiefly in E. Asia from Saghalin to Java, also on the Himalayas.

About 7 species are in cultivation; of these A. Kolomikta is the hardiest, growing as far north as eastern Canada; A. arguta and A. polygama are hardy in Massachusetts, while A. chinensis, which is the most beautiful of all, and A. coriacea, are hardy only south of Washington, but may be grown farther north if taken down in autumn and covered with leaves. A. arguta is excellent for covering arbors, trellises, walls and the like and is remarkably free from insects and fungi. A. Kolomikta and A. polygama show a very striking silvery white or pinkish variegation of the foliage, which is more pronounced in the staminate plant. A. arguta and A. chinensis are also worth cultivating for their edible fruits, particularly the latter, which has fruits up to 2 inches long, of a gooseberry-like flavor; to obtain fruit, it is necessary to plant both sexes or a plant with polygamous flowers. A. polygama, and, in a lesser degree, A. Kolomikta, attract cats and are often destroyed by them if not protected by screens.

The actinidias prefer somewhat moist and rich soil and grow as well in a sunny as in a half-shady position.

CH


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

Do you have cultivation info on this plant? Edit this section!

Propagation

Propagation is by seeds, which are sown in spring and germinate readily; also by cuttings, of half-ripened wood in summer or by hardwood cuttings under glass, and also by layersCH.

Pests and diseases

Do you have pest and disease info on this plant? Edit this section!

Species

There are about 40-60 species of Actinidiawp:


Read about Actinidia in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

A. callosa, Lindl. Similar to A. Kolomikta. Branchleta with conspicuous lenticels, with lamellate pnl,: lvs. oval to oblong, 3-5 in. long, serrulate, quite glabrous: fls. white, 1/2 in. across: fr. ovoid, spotted, 1 in. long. China. — A. coriacea, Dunn. Allied to the preceding species. Lvs. coriaceous, oblong to lanceolate, remotely serrate, 3-4 in. long; petioles less than 1 in. long: fls. several, reddish: fr. ovoid, spotted, 1/2-3/4in- long. China. Recently offered under the name of A. Henryi, which is a totally different species, allied to A. chinensis. — A. melanandra, Franch. Allied to A. arguta. Lvs. ovate-oblong or oblong, closely serrulate: staminate corymbs many-fld. ; petals greenish at the base: fr. purple. China.CH


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Gallery

If you have a photo of this plant, please upload it! Plus, there may be other photos available for you to add.

  • photo 1

  • photo 2

  • photo 3

References

External links


  1. ↑ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
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