Difference between revisions of "Ribes"

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{{Taxobox
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{{SPlantbox
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| color = lightgreen
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|familia=Grossulariaceae
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| name = Ribes
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|genus=Ribes
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| image = Gooseberry Ribes grossularia (detail).JPG
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|Min ht metric=cm
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| image_caption = ''Ribes uva-crispa'' ([[gooseberry]])
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|Temp Metric=°F
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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|jumpin=This is the plant information box - for information on light; water; zones; height; etc. If it is mostly empty you can help grow this page by clicking on the edit tab and filling in the blanks!
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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|image=Gooseberry Ribes grossularia (detail).JPG
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| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
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|image_width=240
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| ordo = [[Saxifragales]]
 
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| familia = '''Grossulariaceae'''
 
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| genus = '''''Ribes'''''
 
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| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
 
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| subdivision_ranks = Species
 
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| subdivision =  
 
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See text
 
 
}}
 
}}
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'''''Ribes''''' is a [[genus]] of about 150 species of [[flowering plants]], usually treated as the only genus in the family '''Grossulariaceae'''. The genus is native throughout the temperate regions of the [[Northern Hemisphere]].
  
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'''''Ribes''''' is a [[genus]] of about 150 species of [[flowering plants]], usually treated as the only genus in the family '''Grossulariaceae'''. The genus is native throughout the temperate regions of the [[Northern Hemisphere]].
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''Ribes'' includes the currants, including the edible currants ([[blackcurrant]], [[redcurrant]] and [[whitecurrant]]), [[gooseberry|gooseberries]], and many [[ornamental plant]]s. The ''Ribes'' currant should not be confused with the [[Zante currant]] [[grape]].
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Seven [[subgenus|subgenera]] are recognised.  A few taxonomists place the gooseberry species in a separate genus, ''Grossularia'', despite the [[Jostaberry]] gooseberry/blackcurrant [[Hybrid (biology)|hybrid]].
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There are restrictions on growing ''Ribes'' species in many US states as they are a host for [[White Pine Blister Rust]].
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{{Inc|
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Ribes (probably derived from ribas, the Arabic name for Rheum Ribes,
 +
or by some supposed to be the Latinized form of riebs, an old German
 +
word for currant). Saxifragaceae. Currant. Gooseberry. Woody plants
 +
partly grown for their edible fruits and partly for their handsome
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flowers, fruits, or foliage.
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Unarmed or prickly shrubs with deciduous or rarely evergreen foliage:
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lvs. alternate, often fascicled, simple, usually palmately lobed and
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mostly plaited in the bud: fls. perfect or in some species dioecious,
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5-merous, rarely 4-merous, in many-fld. to few-fld. racemes, or
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solitary; calyx-tube cylindric to rotate, like the sepals usually
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colored; petals usually smaller than the sepals, often minute, rarely
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entirely wanting; stamens alternating with the petals, shorter or
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longer than the sepals; ovary inferior, 1-celled; styles 1 or 2 (Fig.
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3401): fr. a many-seeded pulpy berry, crowned by the remains of the
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calyx. —About 150 species in the colder and temperate regions of N.
 +
and S. Amer., N. and Cent. Asia, Eu., and N. Afr. The genus is
 +
sometimes divided into two: the true Ribes with usually unarmed sts.,
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racemose fls., and jointed pedicels, and Grossularia (p. 1414) with
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prickly sts.; fls. solitary or in short 2-4-fld. racemes and with the
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pedicels not jointed. The most recent monograph of the genus is by
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Janczewski, Monographie des Groseilliers, 1907 (originally published
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in Mem. Soc. Phys. Nat. Hist. Geneve, 35:199-517, with 202 figs.),
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with important supplements in Bull. Acad. Sci. Cracovic, ser. B,
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1910-13. The N. American species are treated by Coville & Britton in
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North American Flora, 22:193-225 (1908) under the two genera Ribes and
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Grossularia. There are also descriptions and figures of the more
 +
important species in Card's Bush Fruits, 444-84, figs. 80-109 (1911).
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The currants and gooseberies are usually low, upright or less often
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procumbent deciduous, rarely evergreen shrubs with prickly or unarmed
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branches, small or medium-sized usually lobed leaves, with rather
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small solitary or racemose flowers often greenish or reddish and
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insignificant, but in some species white or brightly colored in shades
 +
of red, scarlet, orange or yellow; the fruits also are often
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attractive and either black, purple, scarlet, yellowish or greenish.
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The flowers appear in spring with the leaves, and the fruits ripen in
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June or July, but in R. fasciculatum they do not mature until
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September and remain on the branches all winter. Most species are
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hardy North except the evergreen ones; also R. sanguineum, R. Roezlii,
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R.
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Lobbii, R. viscosissimum are not quite hardy North. The tender R.
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speciosum with fuchsia-like bright red flowers is perhaps the most
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showy species of the genus, though also R. sanguineum, R. odoratum, R.
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Gordonianum, R. Roezlii, R. Lobbii, R. pinetorum, R. cereum, R.
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inebrians, R. niveum, and others are handsome in bloom, while some, as  
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R. alpinum and R. fasciculatum, have ornamental scarlet fruits. They
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are well adapted for borders of shrubberies and, particularly the
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procumbent kinds, for planting on slopes. R. alpinum is excellent for
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shady places and as undergrowth. R. alpestre, a strong-growing and
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very spiny gooseberry from western China, may prove valuable as a
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hedge-plant. Many species bear edible fruits; the most important are
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the domestic currant, R. vulgare, and the European gooseberry, R.
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Grossularia; of less importance are the black currant, R. nigrum, the
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Buffalo or Missouri currant, R. odoratum, the European R. rubrum and
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some of the American gooseberries, as R. hirtellum, R. Cynosbati, R.
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oxyacanthoides, R. setosum, R. inerme. These plants are mostly of easy
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cultivation; they grow in any moderately good loamy soil, the  
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gooseberries preferring as a rule drier and sunnier positions, while
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the currants like more humidity and grow well in partly shaded
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situations. Propagation is by seeds which germinate readily; also by
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hardwood cuttings in autumn and by greenwood cuttings in summer under
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glass; mound-layering in summer is sometimes practised; budding or
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grafting is usually resorted to only, if quick propagation of rare
 +
varieties is desired. In Europe, currants and gooseberries are
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sometimes grafted high on R. odoratum trained to one stem, to form
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little standard trees. See also Currant and Gooseberry for
 +
cultivation.
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}}
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==Cultivation==
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===Propagation===
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===Pests and diseases===
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==Varieties==
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Selected species:
 +
*''[[Ribes acerifolium]]'' <font size=1>T.J Howell</font> - Maple Currant, Mapleleaf Currant
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*''[[Ribes achurjani]]'' <font size=1>Mulk.</font>
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*''[[Ribes aciculare]]'' <font size=1>Sm.</font> - Needle-spined Gooseberry
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*''[[Ribes acidum]]'' <font size=1>Turcz. ex Pojark.</font>
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*''[[Ribes acuminatum]]'' <font size=1>Wall. ex G.Don</font>
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*''[[Ribes affine]]'' <font size=1>Kunth</font>
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*''[[Ribes albifolium]]'' <font size=1>Ruiz & Pav.</font>
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*''[[Ribes albinervium]]'' <font size=1>Michx.</font>
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*''[[Ribes alpestre]]'' <font size=1>Wall. ex Decne.</font>
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*''[[Ribes alpestris]]'' <font size=1>(Decne) A.Berger</font> - Hedge Gooseberry
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*''[[Ribes alpinum]]'' <font size=1>L.</font> - Alpine Currant
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*''[[Ribes altamirani]]'' <font size=1>Jancz.</font>
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*''[[Ribes altissimum]]'' <font size=1>Turcz. ex Pojark.</font> - Tall Current
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*''[[Ribes amarum]]'' <font size=1>McClatchie</font> - Bitter Gooseberry
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*''[[Ribes ambiguum]]'' <font size=1>Maxim.</font>
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*''[[Ribes americanum]]'' <font size=1>Mill.</font> - American Blackcurrant, Wild Blackcurrant
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*''[[Ribes amictum]]'' <font size=1>Greene</font>
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*''[[Ribes andicola]]'' <font size=1>Jancz.</font>
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*''[[Ribes aridum]]'' <font size=1>Greene</font>
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*''[[Ribes armenum]]'' <font size=1>Pojark.</font>
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*''[[Ribes ascendens]]'' <font size=1>Eastw.</font>
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*''[[Ribes atropurpureum]]'' <font size=1>C.A.Mey.</font>
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*''[[Ribes aucheziense]]'' <font size=1>Jancz.</font>
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*''[[Ribes aureum]]'' <font size=1>Pursh</font> - Golden Currant
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*''[[Ribes austroecuadorense]]'' <font size=1>Freire-Fierro</font>
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*''[[Ribes bethmontii]]'' <font size=1>Jancz.</font>
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*''[[Ribes binominatum]]'' <font size=1>A.Heller</font> - Ground Gooseberry
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*''[[Ribes bracteosum]]'' <font size=1>Douglas ex Hook.</font> - Californian Blackcurrant, Stink Currant, Stinky Currant
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*''[[Ribes burejense]]'' <font size=1>F.Schmidt</font>
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*''[[Ribes californicum]]'' <font size=1>Hook. & Arn.</font> - Hillside Gooseberry, California Gooseberry, Monterey Gooseberry
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*''[[Ribes canthariforme]]'' <font size=1>Wiggins</font> - Moreno Currant
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*''[[Ribes cereum]]'' <font size=1>Douglas</font> - Squaw Currant, Wax Currant, White Field Currant, Whiskey Currant
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*''[[Ribes ciliatum]]'' <font size=1>Humb. & Bonpl.</font>
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*''[[Ribes coloradense]]'' <font size=1>Cov.</font> - Colorado Currant
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*''[[Ribes cruentum]]'' <font size=1>Greene</font> - Shinyleaf Currant, Oregon Currant
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*''[[Ribes curvatum]]'' <font size=1>Small</font> - Granite Gooseberry
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*''[[Ribes cynosbati]]'' <font size=1>L.</font> - Prickly Gooseberry, Eastern Prickly Gooseberry, Dogberry, Dog Bramble
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*''[[Ribes diacanthum]]'' <font size=1>Pall.</font> - Siberian Currant
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*''[[Ribes dikuscha]]'' <font size=1>Fisch. ex Turcz.</font>
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*''[[Ribes distans]]'' <font size=1>Jancz.</font> - Scarlet Currant
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*''[[Ribes divaricatum]]'' <font size=1>Douglas</font> - Spreading Gooseberry, Wild Gooseberry, Coast Gooseberry, Coastal Black Gooseberry, Parish's Gooseberry
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*''[[Ribes echinellum]]'' <font size=1>(Cov.) Rehder</font> - Miccosukee Gooseberry
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*''[[Ribes emodense]]'' <font size=1>Rehder</font> - Smooth Rock Currant
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*''[[Ribes erythrocarpum]]'' <font size=1>Coville & Leiberg</font> - Crater Lake Currant
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*''[[Ribes fasciculatum]]'' <font size=1>Siebold & Zucc.</font> - Japanese Currant
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*''[[Ribes floridum]]'' <font size=1>L'Hér..</font>
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*''[[Ribes fragrans]]'' <font size=1>Pall.</font> - Fragrant-flowered Gooseberry, Sweet-flowered Gooseberry
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*''[[Ribes fuscescens]]'' <font size=1>(Jancz.) Jancz.</font>
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*''[[Ribes futurum]]'' <font size=1>Jancz.</font>
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*''[[Ribes gardonianum]]'' <font size=1>Lem.</font>
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*''[[Ribes gayanum]]'' (Spach) <font size=1>Steud.</font> - Leather-leaved Gooseberry
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*''[[Ribes giraldii]]'' <font size=1>Jancz.</font>
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*''[[Ribes glabricalycinum]]'' <font size=1>L.T.Lu</font>
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*''[[Ribes glabrifolium]]'' <font size=1>L.T.Lu</font>
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*''[[Ribes glaciale]]'' <font size=1>Wallich</font> - Glacier Currant
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*''[[Ribes glanduliferum]]'' <font size=1>A.Heller</font>
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*''[[Ribes glandulosum]]'' <font size=1>Grauer ex Weber</font> - [[White currant]], Skunk Currant, Fetid Currant
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*''[[Ribes glaucescens]]'' <font size=1>Eastw.</font>
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*''[[Ribes glutinosum]]'' <font size=1>Benth.</font>
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*''[[Ribes gongshanense]]'' <font size=1>T.C.Ku</font>
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*''[[Ribes goodingii]]'' <font size=1>M.E.Peck</font>
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*''[[Ribes gracile]]'' <font size=1>Michx.</font>
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*''[[Ribes grande]]'' <font size=1>Rose</font>
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*''[[Ribes grantii]]'' <font size=1>A.Heller</font>
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*''[[Ribes graveolens]]'' <font size=1>Bunge.</font>
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*''[[Ribes greeneianum]]'' <font size=1>A.Heller</font>
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*''[[Ribes griffithii]]'' <font size=1>Hook.f. & Thomson</font>
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*''[[Ribes grossularia]]'' <font size=1>L.</font>
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*''[[Ribes grossularioides]]'' <font size=1>Maxim.</font> - Japanese Gooseberry, Catberry
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*''[[Ribes guangxiense]]'' <font size=1>C.Z.Gao</font>
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*''[[Ribes hallii]]'' <font size=1>Jancz.</font>
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*''[[Ribes haoi]]'' <font size=1>C.Y.Yang & Han</font>
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*''[[Ribes hartwegianum]]'' <font size=1>Jancz.</font>
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*''[[Ribes hendersonii]]'' <font size=1>C.L.Hitchc.</font>
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*''[[Ribes henryi]]'' <font size=1>Franch.</font>
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*''[[Ribes hesperium]]'' <font size=1>McClatchie</font>
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*''[[Ribes heterotrichum]]'' <font size=1>C.A.Mey.</font>
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*''[[Ribes himalense]]'' <font size=1>Royle ex Decne.</font>
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*''[[Ribes hirtellum]]'' <font size=1>Michx.</font> - North American Gooseberry, Hairystem Gooseberry, Currant Gooseberry
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*''[[Ribes hirticaule]]'' <font size=1>J.F.Macbr.</font>
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*''[[Ribes hirtum]]'' <font size=1>Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.</font>
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*''[[Ribes hispidulum]]'' <font size=1>(Jancz.) Pojark.</font>
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*''[[Ribes hittellianum]]'' <font size=1>Eastw.</font>
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*''[[Ribes holocericeum]]'' <font size=1>Otto & A.Dietr.</font>
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*''[[Ribes horridum]]'' <font size=1>Rupr.</font> - Thorny Currant
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*''[[Ribes houghtonianum]]'' <font size=1>Jancz.</font>
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*''[[Ribes howellii]]'' <font size=1>Greene</font>
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*''[[Ribes hudsonianum]]'' <font size=1>Richards</font> - Northern Blackcurrant, Hudson Bay Currant, Western Blackcurrant
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*''[[Ribes humile]]'' <font size=1>Jancz.</font>
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*''[[Ribes hunanense]]'' <font size=1>Chang Y.Yang & C.J.Qi</font>
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*''[[Ribes huronense]]'' <font size=1>Rydb.</font>
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*''[[Ribes hysterix]]'' <font size=1>Eastw.</font>
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*''[[Ribes incarnatum]]'' <font size=1>Wedd.</font>
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*''[[Ribes incertum]]'' <font size=1>J.F.Macbr.</font>
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*''[[Ribes indecorum]]'' <font size=1>Eastw.</font> - White-flowered Currant
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*''[[Ribes inebrians]]'' <font size=1>Lindl.</font>
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*''[[Ribes inerme]]'' <font size=1>Rydb.</font> - Whitestem Gooseberry, Klamath Gooseberry
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*''[[Ribes integrifolium]]'' <font size=1>Phil.</font>
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*''[[Ribes intermedium]]'' <font size=1>Tausch</font>
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*''[[Ribes irriguum]]'' <font size=1>Douglas</font>
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*''[[Ribes janczewskii]]'' <font size=1>Pojark.</font>
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*''[[Ribes japonicum]]'' <font size=1>Maxim.</font> - Japanese Blackcurrant, Thornless Blackcurrant
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*''[[Ribes jessoniae]]'' <font size=1>Stapf.</font>
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*''[[Ribes jorullense]]'' <font size=1>Kunth</font>
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*''[[Ribes kansuense]]'' <font size=1>K.S.Hao</font>
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*''[[Ribes kialanum]]'' <font size=1>Jancz.</font>
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*''[[Ribes koehneanum]]'' <font size=1>Jancz.</font>
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*''[[Ribes kolymense]]'' <font size=1>(Trautv.) Kom.</font>
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*''[[Ribes komarovii]]'' <font size=1>Pojark.</font>
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*''[[Ribes kunthii]]'' <font size=1>Berland.</font>
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*''[[Ribes laciniatum]]'' <font size=1>Hook.f. & Thomson</font>
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*''[[Ribes lacustre]]'' <font size=1>(Pers.) Poir.</font> - Black Gooseberry, Prickly Currant, Black Swamp Gooseberry
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*''[[Ribes lasianthum]]'' <font size=1>Greene</font> - Alpine Gooseberry
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*''[[Ribes latifolium]]'' <font size=1>Jancz.</font> - Broadleaf Currant
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*''[[Ribes laurifolium]]'' <font size=1>Jancz.</font> - Evergreen Currant
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*''[[Ribes laxiflorum]]'' <font size=1>Pursh</font> - Trailing Blackcurrant
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*''[[Ribes lehmannii]]'' <font size=1>Jancz.</font>
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*''[[Ribes leiobotrys]]'' <font size=1>Koehne</font>
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*''[[Ribes lentum]]'' <font size=1>(M.E.Jones) Coville & Rose</font>
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*''[[Ribes leptanthum]]'' <font size=1>A.Gray</font> - Trumpet Gooseberry
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*''[[Ribes leptosma]]'' <font size=1>(Coville) Fedde</font>
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*''[[Ribes leptosmum]]'' <font size=1>(Coville) Standl.</font>
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*''[[Ribes leucoderme]]'' <font size=1>A.Heller</font>
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*''[[Ribes lindeni]]'' <font size=1>Jancz.</font>
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*''[[Ribes liouanum]]'' <font size=1>Kitag.</font>
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*''[[Ribes lioui]]'' <font size=1>C.Wang & Chang Y.Yang</font>
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*''[[Ribes lobbii]]'' <font size=1>A.Gray</font> - Gummy Gooseberry
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*''[[Ribes longeracemosum]]'' <font size=1>Franch.</font> - Tibet Thornless Blackcurrant
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*''[[Ribes longiflorum]]'' <font size=1>Nutt.</font>
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*''[[Ribes lucarense]]'' <font size=1>Phil.</font>
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*''[[Ribes luridum]]'' <font size=1>Hook. & Thoms.</font> - Purple Currant
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*''[[Ribes luteynii]]'' <font size=1>Weigend</font>
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*''[[Ribes macrobotrys]]'' <font size=1>Ruiz & Pav.</font>
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*''[[Ribes macrocalyx]]'' <font size=1>Hance</font>
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*''[[Ribes macrostachyum]]'' <font size=1>Jancz.</font>
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*''[[Ribes magellanicum]]'' <font size=1>Poir.</font>
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*''[[Ribes malvaceum]]'' <font size=1>Sm.</font> - Chaparral Currant
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*''[[Ribes malvifolium]]'' <font size=1>Pojark.</font>
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*''[[Ribes mandschuricum]]'' <font size=1>(Maxim.) Komarov</font> - Manchurian Redcurrant
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*''[[Ribes mariposanum]]'' <font size=1>Congdon</font>
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*''[[Ribes marshallii]]'' <font size=1>Greene</font> - Hupa Gooseberry
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*''[[Ribes maximowiczianum]]'' <font size=1>Kom.</font>
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*''[[Ribes maximowiczii]]'' <font size=1>Batal.</font>
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*''[[Ribes melananthum]]'' <font size=1>Boiss. & Hohen.</font>
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*''[[Ribes melancholicum]]'' <font size=1>Siev. ex Pall.</font>
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*''[[Ribes menziesii]]'' <font size=1>Pursh</font> - Canyon Gooseberry, Menzies' Gooseberry
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*''[[Ribes mescalerium]]'' <font size=1>Coville</font> - Mescalero Currant
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*''[[Ribes mexicanum]]'' <font size=1>Spreng.</font>
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*''[[Ribes meyeri]]'' <font size=1>Maxim.</font> - Meyer's Currant
 +
*''[[Ribes micranthum]]'' <font size=1>Phil.</font>
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*''[[Ribes microphyllum]]'' <font size=1>Kunth</font>
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*''[[Ribes migratorium]]'' <font size=1>Suksd.</font>
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*''[[Ribes missouriense]]'' <font size=1>Nutt.</font> - Missouri Gooseberry
 +
*''[[Ribes mogollonicum]]'' <font size=1>Greene</font>
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*''[[Ribes molle]]'' <font size=1>(A.Gray) Howell</font>
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*''[[Ribes montanum]]'' <font size=1>Howell</font>
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*''[[Ribes monticola]]'' <font size=1>K.Koch</font>
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*''[[Ribes montigenum]]'' <font size=1>McClat.</font> - Gooseberry Currant
 +
*''[[Ribes moupinense]]'' <font size=1>Franch.</font>
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*''[[Ribes multiflorum]]'' <font size=1>Kit.</font> - Manyflower Currant
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*''[[Ribes nanophyllum]]'' <font size=1>Freire-Fierro & L.Endara</font>
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*''[[Ribes neglectum]]'' <font size=1>Rose</font>
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*''[[Ribes nelsonii]]'' <font size=1>Coville & Rose</font>
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*''[[Ribes nemorosum]]'' <font size=1>Phil.</font>
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*''[[Ribes nevadense]]'' <font size=1>Kellogg</font> - Sierra Currant, Jaeger's Currant, Nevada Currant
 +
*''[[Ribes nigrum]]'' <font size=1>L.</font> - [[Blackcurrant]], European Blackcurrant
 +
*''[[Ribes nitidissima]]'' <font size=1>Neger.</font>
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*''[[Ribes niveum]]'' <font size=1>Lindl.</font> - Snow Gooseberry, Slender-branched Gooseberry
 +
*''[[Ribes non-scriptum]]'' <font size=1>(A.Berger) Standl.</font>
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*''[[Ribes occidentale]]'' <font size=1>Hook. & Arn.</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes odoratissimum]]'' <font size=1>M.McMahon ex True</font>
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*''[[Ribes odoratum]]'' <font size=1>H.L.Wendl.</font> - Buffalo Currant, Clove Currant
 +
*''[[Ribes oligacanthum]]'' <font size=1>Eastw.</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes orientale]]'' <font size=1>Desf.</font> - Siberian Currant
 +
*''[[Ribes orizabae]]'' <font size=1>Rose</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes ovalifolium]]'' <font size=1>Jancz.</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes ovallei]]'' <font size=1>Phil.</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes oxyacanthoides]]'' <font size=1>L.</font> - American Mountain Gooseberry, Canadian Gooseberry, Stream Gooseberry, Henderson's Gooseberry, Idaho Gooseberry
 +
*''[[Ribes pachyadenium]]'' <font size=1>Hand.-Mazz.</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes pachysandroides]]'' <font size=1>Oliv.</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes palczewskii]]'' <font size=1>(Jancz.) Pojark.</font> - Palczjewski's Ribes
 +
*''[[Ribes pallidiflorum]]'' <font size=1>Pojark.</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes palmeri]]'' <font size=1>Vasey & Rose</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes panctatum]]'' <font size=1>Ruiz & Pav.</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes parishii]]'' <font size=1>A.Heller</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes parviflorum]]'' <font size=1>Wedd.</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes parvifolium]]'' <font size=1>Phil.</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes parvulum]]'' <font size=1>(A.Gray) Rydb.</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes pauciflorum]]'' <font size=1>Turcz. ex Pojark.</font> - Few-flowered Ribes
 +
*''[[Ribes pensylvanicum]]'' <font size=1>Lam.</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes pentlandii]]'' <font size=1>Britton</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes peruvianum]]'' <font size=1>Jancz.</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes petiolare]]'' <font size=1>Fisch.</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes petraeum]]'' <font size=1>Wulf.</font> - Rock Currant, Rock Redcurrant, Bieberstein's Rock Currant
 +
*''[[Ribes pinetorum]]'' <font size=1>Greene</font> - Orange Currant
 +
*''[[Ribes polyanthum]]'' <font size=1>Phil.</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes polystachyum]]'' <font size=1>A.Berger</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes praecox]]'' <font size=1>J.F.Macbr.</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes pringlei]]'' <font size=1>Rose</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes procumbens]]'' <font size=1>Pall.</font> - Trailing Redcurrant
 +
*''[[Ribes propinquum]]'' <font size=1>Turcz.</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes pseudofasciculatum]]'' <font size=1>K.S.Hao</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes pulchellum]]'' <font size=1>Turcz.</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes purpurascens]]'' <font size=1>A.Heller</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes purpusii]]'' <font size=1>Koehne ex Blank.</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes quercetorum]]'' <font size=1>Greene</font> - Rock Gooseberry
 +
*''[[Ribes reclinatum]]'' <font size=1>L.</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes recurvatum]]'' <font size=1>Michx.</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes reniforme]]'' <font size=1>Nutt.</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes repens]]'' <font size=1>A.I.Baranov</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes roezlii]]'' <font size=1>Reg.</font> - Sierra Gooseberry, Roezl's Gooseberry
 +
*''[[Ribes rosthornii]]'' <font size=1>Diels</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes rotundifolium]]'' <font size=1>Michx.</font> - Appalachian Gooseberry, Round-leaved Gooseberry
 +
*''[[Ribes rubrisepalum]]'' <font size=1>L.T.Lu</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes rubrum]]'' <font size=1>L.</font> - [[Redcurrant]]
 +
*''[[Ribes rugosum]]'' <font size=1>Coville & Rose</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes ruizii]]'' <font size=1>Rehder.</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes sachalinense]]'' <font size=1>(F.Schmidt) Nakai</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes sanguineum]]'' <font size=1>Pursh</font> - Flowering Currant, Redflower Currant, Blood Currant, Sticky Blood Currant, Blackseed Blood Currant, Winter Currant
 +
*''[[Ribes sardoum]]'' <font size=1>Martelli</font> - Sardinian Currant
 +
*''[[Ribes saxatile]]'' <font size=1>Pall.</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes saximontanum]]'' <font size=1>E.E.Nelson</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes saxosum]]'' <font size=1>Hook.</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes scandicum]]'' <font size=1>Hedl.</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes scuphamii]]'' <font size=1>Eastw.</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes senile]]'' <font size=1>(Coville) Standl.</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes sericeum]]'' <font size=1>Eastw.</font> - Lucia Gooseberry
 +
*''[[Ribes setchuense]]'' <font size=1>Jancz.</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes setosum]]'' <font size=1>Lindl.</font> - Missouri Currant
 +
*''[[Ribes silvestre]]'' <font size=1>(Lam.) Mert. & Koch</font> (syn. ''R. sativum'') - Woodland Currant
 +
*''[[Ribes sinanense]]'' <font size=1>F.Maek.</font> - Chinese Gooseberry
 +
*''[[Ribes soulieanum]]'' <font size=1>Jancz.</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes spathianum]]'' <font size=1>Koehne</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes speciosum]]'' <font size=1>Pursh</font> - Fuchsia-flowered Gooseberry
 +
*''[[Ribes spicatum]]'' <font size=1>Robson</font> - Nordic Redcurrant, Nordic Currant, Downy Currant
 +
*''[[Ribes stanfordii]]'' <font size=1>Elmer</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes steinbachiorum]]'' <font size=1>Weigend & Binder</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes stenocarpum]]'' <font size=1>Maxim.</font> - Narrow-fruited Currant
 +
*''[[Ribes subvestitum]]'' <font size=1>Hook. & Arn.</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes sucheziense]]'' <font size=1>Jancz.</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes suksdorfii]]'' <font size=1>A.Heller</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes takare]]'' <font size=1>D.Don</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes tenue]]'' <font size=1>Jancz.</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes tenuiflorum]]'' <font size=1>Lindl.</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes texense]]'' <font size=1>(Coville & A.Berger) Standl.</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes thacherianum]]'' <font size=1>(Jeps.) Munz</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes tianquanense]]'' <font size=1>S.H.Yu & J.M.Xu</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes tolimense]]'' <font size=1>Cuatrec.</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes tortuosum]]'' <font size=1>Benth.</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes tricuspe]]'' <font size=1>Nakai</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes trifidum]]'' <font size=1>Michx.</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes trilobum]]'' <font size=1>Meyen.</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes tripartitum]]'' <font size=1>Batalin</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes triste]]'' <font size=1>Pall.</font> - [[Northern Redcurrant]] or Swamp Redcurrant, Wild Redcurrant
 +
*''[[Ribes tularense]]'' <font size=1>(Coville) Fedde.</font> - Tulare Gooseberry
 +
*''[[Ribes turbinatum]]'' <font size=1>Pojark.</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes uniflorum]]'' <font size=1>T.C.Ku</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes urceolatum]]'' <font size=1>Tausch</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes ussuriense]]'' <font size=1>Jancz.</font> - Korean Blackcurrant
 +
*''[[Ribes utile]]'' <font size=1>Jancz.</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes uva-crispa]]'' <font size=1>L.</font> (syn. ''R. grossularia'') - [[Gooseberry]], Wild Gooseberry, European Gooseberry, English Gooseberry
 +
*''[[Ribes valdivianum]]'' <font size=1>Phil.</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes valicola]]'' <font size=1>Greene ex Rydb.</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes van-fleetianum]]'' <font size=1>(A.Berger) Standl.</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes velutinum]]'' <font size=1>Greene</font> - Desert Gooseberry, Gooding's Gooseberry
 +
*''[[Ribes viburnifolium]]'' <font size=1>A.Gray</font> - Island Gooseberry
 +
*''[[Ribes victoris]]'' <font size=1>Greene</font> - Victor's Gooseberry
 +
*''[[Ribes vilmorinii]]'' <font size=1>Jancz.</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes villosum]]'' <font size=1>Wall. ex Roxb.</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes viscosissimum]]'' <font size=1>Pursh</font> - Sticky Currant
 +
*''[[Ribes viscosum]]'' <font size=1>Ruiz & Pav.</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes vitifolium]]'' <font size=1>Host</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes vulgare]]'' <font size=1>Lam.</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes warszewiczii]]'' <font size=1>Jancz.</font> - Downy Currant
 +
*''[[Ribes watkinsii]]'' <font size=1>Eastw.</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes watsonianum]]'' <font size=1>Koehne</font> - Spring Gooseberry
 +
*''[[Ribes weberbaueri]]'' <font size=1>Jancz.</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes weddellianum]]'' <font size=1>Jancz.</font>
 +
*''[[Ribes wolfii]]'' <font size=1>Rothr.</font> - Wolf's Currant
 +
*''[[Ribes xizangense]]'' <font size=1>L.T.Lu</font>
 +
 
 +
{{Inc|
 +
INDEX.
 +
 
 +
acerifolium, 15. fructu-luteo, 9. opulifolium,18.
 +
aconitifolium, 9. fructu-viridi, 9. odoratum 1.
 +
albescens, 4. fuchsioides, 36. oxyacanthoides,24,
 +
albidum, 4 and suppl. fuscescens, 10. 26, 29.
 +
albinervium, 12. futurum, 15, suppl. pallidum, 16.
 +
alpestre, 32. giganteum, 32. palmatum, 1.
 +
alpinum, 18. glabellum, 16. pennsylvanicum, 8.
 +
americanum, 8. glabratum, 31. petraeum, 13.
 +
amictum, 34. glabrum, 30. pinetorum, 33.
 +
apiifolium, 9. glandulosum, 11. prostratum, 11.
 +
aridum, 34. glutinosum, 4 and pubescens, 16, 30.
 +
atropurpureum, 13. suppl. pubiflorum, 28.
 +
atrorubens 4. Gordonianum, 3. pumilum, 18.
 +
atrosanguineum, 4. Gouduinii, 15. Purpusii, 29.
 +
aureum, 1,2,18. gracile, 23, 26, 31. reclinatum, 30.
 +
bacciferum, 18. Grossularia, 30. reticulatum, 9.
 +
Beatonii, 3. heterophyllum, 9. rignes, 11.
 +
Berlandieri, 7. hirtellum, 26, 29. Roezlii, 34.
 +
Biebersteinii, 13. holosericeum, 16. rotundifolium, 23, 27.
 +
Billiardii, 17. hortense, 15. rubrum, 15, 16.
 +
bracteosum, 10. Houghtonianum, 15. rusticum, 26.
 +
Brocklebankii, 4. humile, 18. sanguineum, 4.
 +
bullatum, 13. inebrians, 7. sativum, 15.
 +
carneum, 4, 6. inerme, 29, 31. saxatile, 19.
 +
carpathicum, 13. irriguum, 28, 29, saximontanum, 25.
 +
caucasicum, 13. suppl. saxosum, 26.
 +
cereum, 6. japonicum, 17. scandicum, 16.
 +
chinense, 17. jasminiflorum, 2. Schlechtendalii, 16.
 +
chlorocarpum, 9. Koehneanum, 15. setosum, 25.
 +
chrysococcum, 2. laciniatum, 9, 18. Spaethianum, 7.
 +
crispum, 9. lacustre, 20. speciosum, 36.
 +
cruentum, 34. leiobotrys, 2. splendens, 4.
 +
curvatum, 22. Lobbii, 35. sterile, 18.
 +
Cynosbati, 31. longiflorum, 1. sylvestre, 16.
 +
diacantha, 19. Loudonii, 3. tenuiflorum, 2.
 +
dissectum, 9. macrobotrys, 13. triflorum, 27.
 +
divaricatum, 28. macrocarpum, 15. triste, 12.
 +
Douglasii, 28. marmoratum, 9. Uva-crispa, 30.
 +
farinosum, 6. missouriense, 1,8,23. variegatum, 9, suppl.
 +
fasciculatum, 17. montanum, 28. villosum, 28.
 +
flore-pleno, 4. multiflorum, 14. viscosissimum, 5.
 +
floridum, 8. nevadense, 29. vulgare, 15.
 +
foliis-aureis, 18. nigrum, 9. Wilsonianum, 34.
 +
fragrans, 1. niveum, 21. xanthocarpum, 9.
  
−
''Ribes'' includes the currants, including the edible currants ([[blackcurrant]], [[redcurrant]] and [[whitecurrant]]), [[gooseberry|gooseberries]], and many [[ornamental plant]]s. The ''Ribes'' currant should not be confused with the [[Zante currant]], which is a kind of dried [[grape]].
+
 +
R. aciculare, Smith. Allied to R. Grossularia. Spiny shrub: branches
 +
slender, bristly: lvs. 3-5-lobed, usually glabrous, about 1 in. broad:
 +
fls. pinkish; sepals reflexed; style glabrous: fr. smooth, rarely
 +
hispid, red or greenish yellow. Cent. Siberia, Altai Mts. The earliest
 +
gooseberry to burst into leaf.—R. affine, Douglas= R. laxiflorum.—R.
 +
albidum, Paxt.=R. glutinosum albidum.—R. ambiguum, Maxim. Low unarmed
 +
shrub: lvs. roundish, 3-5- lobed, with short. obtuse lobes,
 +
viscid-glandular beneath, to 2 in. broad: fls. 1-2, greenish; tube
 +
saucer-shaped; stamens shorter than sepals: fr. green,
 +
glandular-bristly. Japan.—R. ambiguum, Wats.=R. Watsonianum.—R.
 +
burejense, F. Schmidt. Allied to R. alpestre. Spiny and bristly shrub,
 +
to 3 ft.: lvs. deeply 3-5-lobed, pubescent and glandular, to 2 in.
 +
broad: fls. 1-2, reddish brown or pale: fr. greenish, prickly. N. E.
 +
Asia.—R. californicum, Hook. & Arn.=R. occidentale.—R, Carrierei,
 +
Schneid. (R. intermedium, Carr., not Tausch. R. glutinosum albidum X
 +
R. nigrum). Intermediate between the parents: lvs. without the odor of
 +
R. nigrum: fls. pink, glandular, in horizontal racemes to 3 in. long:
 +
fr. black, not bloomy. Originated with Billiard at
 +
Fontenay-aux-Roses., France.—R. cognalum, Greene (R. palousense,
 +
Elmer). Allied to R. oxyacanthoides. Spiny shrub to 10 ft., sometimes
 +
without bristles: fls. 2-5. white or whitish; calyx-tube cylindric,
 +
longer than sepals; stamens about half as long as sepals: fr. smooth.
 +
Wash., Ore.—R. coloradense, Cov. (R. laxiflorum var. coloradense,
 +
Jancz.). Allied to R. glandulosum. Unarmed procumbent shrub: lvs.
 +
usually 5-lobed: sepals longer, glandular-pubescent outside: fr.
 +
black, not bloomy. Colo.—R. Culverwelli, Macfarlane (R. Schneideri,
 +
Maurer. R. nigrum X R. Grossularia). Unarmed shrub: fls. similar to
 +
those of R. nigrum; the glandless lvs. and the infl. resembling those
 +
of the gooseberry: fr. dark red, hairy. G.C. III. 12:271; 44:120.
 +
J.H.S. 28, pp. 169-73. Originated in England and afterward also in
 +
Germany. Var. wollense (R. wollense, Bean). Lvs. with a few glands
 +
beneath: fr. glabrous, shining black.—R. dikuscha, Fisch. Allied to R.
 +
bracteosum. Unarmed shrub: lvs. 3-5-lobed, glabrous, glandular
 +
beneath, to 5 in. broad: fls. white, tomentose, in upright racemes to
 +
3 in. long; bracts linear, small: fr. bluish black, slightly bloomy.
 +
E. Siberia.—R. erythrospermum, Cov. & Leiberg. Allied to R.
 +
glandulosum. Unarmed prostrate shrub: lvs. deeply 3-5-lobed, finely
 +
pubescent and glandular: racemes erect, (6-10-fld.; bracts about as
 +
long as pedicels; fls. yellow or salmon-colored: fr. glandular-hairy,
 +
scarlet. Ore. G.F. 10:184.—R. fontenayense. Jancz. (R. sanguineum
 +
fontenayense, Hort. R. Grossularia X R.sanguineum). Intermediate
 +
between the parents: unarmed shrub: lvs. subcoriaceous, pubescent
 +
beneath: racemes horizontal or pendulous, stalked, 3-6-fld.; fls.
 +
vinous-red, pubescent: fr. purplish black. Originated in France with
 +
Billiard at Fontenay-aux-Roses.—R. futurum, Jancz. (R. vulgare X R.
 +
Warscewiczii). Intermediate between the parents: fls. brownish red or
 +
pinkish: fr. dark red. Raised by Janczewski at Lemberg, Galicia.—R.
 +
Gayanum, Steud. (R. villosum. Gay, not Nutt. R. trilobum, Mey.).
 +
Evergreen unarmed shrub, to 4 ft., with pubescent branches: lvs.
 +
slightly 3-lobed, pubescent, 1-2 in. across: fls. dioecious, yellow,
 +
honey-scented, in erect dense pubescent racemes 1-2 in. long: fr.
 +
purple-black, hairy. Chile. B.M. 7611. Not hardy North.—R. Giraldii,
 +
Jancz. Allied to R. diacantha. Spiny shrub, to 2 ft., with spreading
 +
bristly branches: lvs. 3-5-lobed, the middle lobe longer, pubescent
 +
and glandular, about 1 1/2 in. broad: fls. dioecious, brownish, in
 +
upright racemes: fr. scarlet, glandular-bristly. N. W. China.—R.
 +
glaciale, Wall. Allied to R. alpinum. Unarmed shrub, to 15 ft.: lvs.
 +
cordate to truncate, 3-5-lobed, the middle lobe elongated,
 +
acute or acuminate, glandular, to 2 1/3 in. long: fls. dioecious,
 +
greenish
 +
white or purplish, in upright racemes: fr. glabrous, scarlet, finally
 +
black. Himalayas, W. China.—R. glutinosum, Benth. (R. sanguineum var.
 +
glutinosum, Loud.). Allied to R. sanguineum. Unarmed shrub, to 12 ft.,
 +
with glandular-viscid pubescence: lvs. cordate, 3-5-lobed, glandular
 +
beneath, otherwise nearly glabrous,to 4 in. broad: racemes pendulous, to 4 in. long; bracts recurved; fls. pink-carmine: fr. black, glandular-hairy. Calif. Var. albidum,
 +
Jancz. (R. sanguineum albidum, Kirchn. R. albidum, Paxt.). Fls. white,
 +
tinged pinkish, often confused with R. sanguineum var.
 +
albescens, which see.—R. Henryi, Franch. Evergreen unarmed shrub,
 +
glandular: lvs. elliptic, crenulate, to 4 in. long: fls. dioecious,
 +
small, greenish; pistillate racemes 7-9-fld., with large green bracts:
 +
fr. oblong, green, glandular. Cent. China.—R. himalayense, Decne.Allied to R. petraeum. Unarmed shrub, to 12 ft.: lvs. cordate, 3-5-lobed, with acute or obtusish lobes, glandular above, pubescent or glabrous beneath, to 5 in. broad: fls. greenish, tinged purple, in
 +
racemes to 5 in. long, broadly campanulate: fr. red or black.
 +
Himalayas, W. China.—R. hudsonianum, Rich. Allied to R. bracteosum.
 +
Unarmed shrub: lvs. 3-5-lobed, resinous-dotted beneath, 1 1/2-4 in.
 +
broad: fls. white, in loose racemes about 2 in. long; bracts
 +
setaceous, as long as the pedicel: fr. black, smooth. Hudson Bay to
 +
Alaska, south to N. Minn. B.B. (ed. 2) 2:237.— R. intergrifolium,
 +
Philippi. Evergreen unarmed shrub, to 3 ft.: lvs.
 +
coriaceous, lanceolate, dentate above the middle, glabrous, 1-1 2/4in.
 +
long: fls. dioecious, yellow, in pendent racemes 2/4-1 1/4 in. long:
 +
fr. small, purplish black. Chile; not hardy North. Gt. 30:1047.—R.
 +
irriguum, Douglas. Allied to R. oxyacanthoides. Spiny shrub, to 10
 +
ft., usually without bristles: lvs. 3-5-lobed, 1-2 1/2 in. broad: fls.
 +
whitish, the peduncle exceeding the bud-scales; sepals nearly twice as
 +
long as tube; stamens about as long as petals: fr. smooth. Brit. Col.
 +
to Ore., Mont., Idaho. Has been confused with R. cognatum, R.
 +
divaricatum, and R. inerme, which see.—R. japonicum, Maxim. Allied to
 +
R. bracteosum. Shrub, to 6 ft.: branchlets hairy: lvs. cordate,
 +
5-lobed, pubescent and glandular beneath, to 6 in. broad: fls.
 +
greenish or brownish, tomentose and glandular, in upright racemes to 8
 +
in. long; bracts linear: fr. black, smooth. Japan.—R. latifolium,
 +
Jancz. All ed to R. petraeum. Unarmed shrub, to 6 ft.: lvs. 3-5-lobed,
 +
with acute lobes, glabrous or glandular-hairy, to 7 in. broad: fls. in
 +
racemes to 3 1/2 in. long, blood-red, campanulate: fr. red, rather
 +
large. Japan, Manchuria.—R. laurifolium, Jancz. Evergreen shrub, to 6
 +
ft.: lvs. coriaceous, ovate to ovate-oblong, crenate-serrate,
 +
glabrous, 2—4 in. long: fls. dioecious, greenish, flat; stamens and
 +
petals much shorter than sepals; staminate racemes pendulous, 1-1 3/4
 +
in. long; pistillate upright, 2/4in.
 +
long: fr. ellipsoid, 2/3in. long, pubescent, reddish. W. China. B.M.
 +
8543. G.C. III. 55:239. Gn. 76, p. 143; 79, pp. 170, 171. J.H.S. 38,
 +
p. 54, fig. 36. Not hardy North.—R. laxiflorum, Pursh. Allied to R.
 +
glandulosum. Unarmed procumbent shrub: lvs. deeply
 +
5-lobed, slightly pubescent beneath, 2-4 in. broad: racemes
 +
upright-spreading; sepals longer, pubescent, but not glandular: fr.
 +
dark purple, bloomy, glandular. Alaska to N. Calif. Var. coloradense,
 +
Jancz.=R. coloradense.—R. lentum, Cov. & Rose=R. montigenum.—R.
 +
leptanthum, Gray. Spiny slender shrub, to 4 ft.; branchlets slightly
 +
pubescent: lvs. usually truncate, deeply 3-5-lobed, glabrous or
 +
pubescent, 1/4-3/4in. broad: fls. 1-3, white, tinged with pink;
 +
calyx-tube cylindric; sepals reflexed: fr. black, lustrous.
 +
Colo., Utah, New Mex. and Ariz. Gt. 53, p. 409. Graceful small shrub.
 +
Var. quercetorum, Jancz.=R. quercetorum.—R. longeracemosum, Franch.
 +
Allied to R. petraeum. Unarmed shrub, to 10 ft.: lvs. cordate,
 +
3-5-lobed. with acute or acuminate lobes, glabrous, to 6 in. broad:
 +
racemes pendulous, to 12 in. long, thinly set with greenish or pinkish
 +
fls.; calyx-tube broadly campanulate: sepals upright; bracts oval,
 +
half as long as the slender pedicels, persistent: fr. black, edible.
 +
W. China. Var. Wilsonii, Jancz. Young branchlets red: racemes shorter;
 +
fls. salmon-red. Cent. China.—R.
 +
luridum, Hook. f. & Thom. Allied to R. alpinum. Unarmed shrub;
 +
branchlets glabrous, red: lvs. 3-5-lobed, with obtusish lobes,
 +
glabrous or nearly so, glandular, to 2 in. broad: fls. dioecious, dark
 +
purple, in upright racemes, the staminate 1-2 in. long, the pistillate
 +
shorter: fr. black, glabrous. Himalayas, W. China.—R. malvaceum, Smith
 +
(R. sanguineum malvaceum, Loud.). Allied to R. sanguineum. Unarmed
 +
shrub: lvs. rough above, grayish tomentose and glandular beneath: fls.
 +
pink or purple, smaller, white-pubescent and glandular; tube longer
 +
than the sepals: fr. viscid-pubescent. Calif.—R. Marshallii, Greene.
 +
Allied to R. Lobbii. Spiny shrub with puberulent branchlets: lvs.
 +
deeply cordate, 3-5-lobed, glabrous, 1-1 1/2 in. wide: fls. solitary,
 +
large, purplish; sepals 1/2-2/3in. long; stamens slightly longer;
 +
petals salmon-pink: fr. purplish black, prickly. Calif.—R.
 +
Maximowiczii, Batal. Allied to R. alpinum. Shrub, to 10 ft.;
 +
branchlets pubescent: lvs. slightly 3-5-lobed, middle lobe much
 +
longer, or undivided and ovate, pubescent on both sides, 1 1/2-4 in.
 +
long: fls. dioecious, in upright racemes 1-2 in. long: fr.
 +
glandular-hairy, red. N. W. China.—R. Menriesii, Pursh (R.
 +
subvestitum, Hook. & Arn.). Allied to R. Lobbii. Spiny shrub, to 6
 +
ft.; branchlets pubescent and bristly: lvs. deeply 3-5-lobed,  
 +
pubescent and glandular beneath, 1-2 in. broad: fls. purple, with
 +
white petals; stamens as long as the sepals, with ovate-lanceolate
 +
anthers: fr. glandular-bristly. Ore. to Calif. G.C. III. 45:242. R.H.
 +
1908, p. 31.—R. Meyeri, Maxim. Allied to R. petraeum. Unarmed shrub,
 +
to 10 ft.: lvs. usually 5-lobed, with acutish lobes, glabrous or
 +
glandular-hairy above, to 3 1/2 in. broad: racemes horizontal, lax, to
 +
2 in. long: fls. purplish, nearly sessile, small, with upright sepals:
 +
fr. black, lustrous. Cent. Asia, W. China. Var. turkestanicum, Jancz.
 +
Lvs. obtusely lobed: racemes longer; fls. blood-red. Turkestan.—R.
 +
mogollonicum, Greene=R. Wolfii.—R. molle, Howell, not Poepp.=R.
 +
montigenum.—R. montigenum, McClatchie (R. lacustre var. molle, Gray.
 +
R. lentum, Cov. & Rose). Allied to R. lacustre. Sts. bristly: lvs.
 +
pubescent and glandular: racemes few-fld.: fr. red, glandular-bristly,
 +
edible. Wash. to Mont., Idaho to New Mex.—R. moupinense, Franch.
 +
Allied to R. petraeum. Shrub, to 15 ft.: lvs. 3-5-lobed, with acute or
 +
acuminate lobes, sparingly glandular, otherwise glabrous, to 6 in.
 +
broad: racemes pendulous, loose, 1 1/2-5 in. long; fls. greenish
 +
tinged with red, or red; sepals upright: fr. black, lustrous. W.
 +
China.-R. nevadense, Kellogg R. sanguineum var. variegatum, Wats. R.
 +
variegatum, A. Nelson). Allied to R. sanguineum. Unarmed shrub: lvs.
 +
thin, 3-5-lobed, sparingly pubescent or glabrous: fls. smaller,
 +
rose-colored; sepals about twice as long as the tube; petals white:
 +
fr. blue, glaucous. Ore., Calif., Nev.—R. occidentale, Hook. & Arn.
 +
(R. californicum, Hook. & Arn.). Allied to R. Roezlii. Spiny shrub, to
 +
6 ft.: lvs. usually 5-lobed, glabrous or nearly so, about 1 in. broad:
 +
fls. green or purplish; calyx-tube about as long as broad; sepals
 +
glabrous, except a tuft of hairs at the apex; stamens as long as
 +
sepals: fr. prickly. Cent. Calif.—R. orientale, Desf. Allied to R.
 +
alpinum. Unarmed shrub, to 6 ft.: young growth glandular-viscid: lvs.
 +
lustrous above, pubescent beneath: fls. dioecious, greenish, tinged
 +
with red, glandular, in upright racemes 1-2 in. long: fr. red,
 +
pubescent. S. E. Eu., W. Asia. B.M. 1583 (as R. resinosum).—R.
 +
palousense, Elmer=R. cognatum.—R. pulchellum, Turcz. Allied to R.
 +
diacantha. Spiny shrub, to 6 ft., glabrous: lvs. truncate to
 +
subcordate, deeply 3-lobed, to 2 in. broad: fls. purplish, in upright
 +
racemes, the staminate to 2 1/3 in. long, the pistillate shorter: fr.
 +
large, red, glabrous. N. China, Transbaikal.—R. quercetorum, Greene.
 +
Spiny slender shrub, sometimes bristly: lvs. 3-5-cleft, finely
 +
pubescent or usually glabrous, 1/3-3/4in. long: fls. 2-3, pale
 +
yellowish with short-cylindric tube; petals shorter than the sepals, a
 +
little longer than the stamens: fr. smooth, purple. Cent. Calif. to
 +
Low. Calif.—R. resinosum, Pursh=R. orientale. —R. robustum, Jancz. (R.
 +
niveum X R. hirtellum). Intermediate between the parents. Spiny
 +
vigorous shrub, only the stronger shoots bristly: fls. white or
 +
pinkish, but sepals broader and shorter and filaments shorter and less
 +
pubescent than in R. niveum: fr. black. Origin unknown.—R. Saundersii,
 +
Jancz. (R. hudsonianum X R. nigrum). Intermediate between the parents:
 +
fls. pink, fading to whitish: fr. black. Originated in Ottawa.—R.
 +
stenocarpum, Maxim. Allied to R. alpestre. Spiny shrub, often bristly:
 +
lvs. cordate, 3-5-lobed, glabrous or pubescent, about 1 1/2in. across:
 +
fls. 1-3, short-peduncled, reddish or pale; calyx-tube campanulate,
 +
shorter than the reflexed sepals; stamens scarcely longer than petals:
 +
fr. oblong, 3/4-1 in. long, glabrous or hispid. N. W. China.—R.
 +
subvestitum, Hook. & Arn.=R. Menziesii.—R. succirubrum, Zabel (R.
 +
niveum X R. divaricatum). Intermediate between the parents. Lvs.
 +
similar to those of R. niveum: fls. pink or pinkish; stamens 1 1/2
 +
times as long as sepals:  fr. black, slightly pruinose. Originated at
 +
Gotha, Germany.—R. tenue, Jancz. Allied to R. alpinum. Unarmed slender
 +
shrub: lvs. 3-5-lobed, lobes acute, incisely dentate, the middle one
 +
longer, glandular, to 1 1/2 in. long: fls. reddish brown or greenish,
 +
dioecious, in upright racemes: fr. red. Cent. and W. China,
 +
Himalayas.—R. trilobum, Mey.=R. Gayanum.— R. urceolatum, Tausch (R.
 +
multiflorum X R. petraeum). Intermediate between the parents. Fls.
 +
reddish: fr. red. Origin unknown.—R. utile, Jancz. (R. Cynosbati X R.
 +
Grossularia). Intermediate between the parents. Lvs. similar to R.
 +
Grossularia: fls. slightly pubescent; ovary glabrous: fr. purplish,  
 +
sometimes with a few spines. A more detailed description will be found
 +
under the name of "Mountain" in G.F. 9:456. It originated with the
 +
Shakers of lebanon, N. Y.—R. variegatum, A. Nelson=R. nevadense.—R.
 +
viburnifolium, Gray. Evergreen, unarmed, aromatically scented shrub,
 +
to 8 ft.: branchlets glandular: lvs. ovate or oval, obtuse, coarsely
 +
toothed, glossy above, resinous-dotted beneath, 3/4-1 3/4 in. long:
 +
fls. dark pink, in upright racemes: fr. ovoid, red. Low. Calif., Santa
 +
Catalina Isl. B.M. 8094.—R. villosum, Gay, not Nutt.=R. Gayanum.— R.
 +
Vilmorinii, Jancz. Allied to R. alpinum. Unarmed shrub, to 6 t.: lvs.
 +
3-5-lobed with obtuse or acutish lobes, glandular above, about 1 in.
 +
broad: fls. dioecious in short upright racemes, greenish or tinged
 +
reddish brown: fr. small, black, glabrous or glandular. W. China.—R.
 +
Warsce-wizcii, Jancz. Allied to R. rubrum. Unarmed shrub, to 6 ft.:
 +
Lvs. slightly 3-5-lobed, slightly pubescent below, to 4 in. broad:
 +
fls. larger, pinkish, in pendent racemes 2 in. long: fr. larger,
 +
purplish black, very acid. E. Siberia.—R. Watsonianum, Koehne (R.
 +
ambiguum, Wats., not Maxim.). Allied to R. pinetorum. Spiny shrub,
 +
upright or ascending: branches glandular, not bristly: lvs. deeply
 +
3-5-lobed, sparingly pubescent on the veins, 1-2 in. broad: fls.
 +
pinkish, pubescent; petals white, one-fourth shorter than sepals;
 +
stamens as long as petals: fr. greenish, prickly. Wash.—R. Wolfii,
 +
Rothr. (R. mogollonicum, Greene). Allied to R. sanguineum. Unarmed
 +
shrub, to 10 ft.: lvs. 3-5-lobed, pubescent on the veins and glandular
 +
beneath, 2—3 1/2 in. broad: fls. greenish white, in upright
 +
long-stalked racemes, 1-1 1/2 in. long: fr. black, bloomy,
 +
glandular-bristly. Colo., Utah, New Mex., Arix. B.M. 8120.—R.
 +
wollense, Bean=R. Culverwellii var. wollense.  
 +
}}
  
−
Currants are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species; see [[list of Lepidoptera which feed on Ribes]].
+
==Gallery==
  
−
Seven [[subgenus|subgenera]] are recognised. A few taxonomists place the gooseberry species in a separate genus, ''Grossularia'', despite the [[Jostaberry]] gooseberry/blackcurrant [[hybrid]].
+
<gallery perrow=5>
 +
Image:Upload.png| photo 1
 +
Image:Upload.png| photo 2
 +
Image:Upload.png| photo 3
 +
</gallery>
  
−
;Selected species
+
==References==
−
*''[[Ribes aciculare]]'' Sm.
+
<references/>
−
*''[[Ribes alpestris]]'' (Decne) A.Berger - Hedge Gooseberry
+
*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
−
*''[[Ribes alpinum]]'' L. - Alpine Currant
+
<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
−
*''[[Ribes ambiguum]]'' Maxim.
+
<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
−
*''[[Ribes americanum]]'' Mill.
+
<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
−
*''[[Ribes aureum]]'' Pursh - Golden Currant
 
−
*''[[Ribes bracteosum]]'' Douglas ex Hook. - Californian Blackcurrant
 
−
*''[[Ribes burejense]]'' F.Schmidt
 
−
*''[[Ribes californicum]]'' Hook. & Arn.
 
−
*''[[Ribes cereum]]'' Douglas - Squaw Currant or Wax Currant
 
−
*''[[Ribes ciliatum]]'' Humb. & Bonpl.
 
−
*''[[Ribes coloradense]]'' Cov.
 
−
*''[[Ribes curvatum]]'' Small
 
−
*''[[Ribes cynosbati]]'' L. - Prickly Gooseberry
 
−
*''[[Ribes diacanthum]]'' Pall.
 
−
*''[[Ribes distans]]'' Jancz.
 
−
*''[[Ribes divaricatum]]'' Douglas
 
−
*''[[Ribes echinellum]]'' (Cov.) Rehder - Miccosukee Gooseberry
 
−
*''[[Ribes emodense]]'' Rehder
 
−
*''[[Ribes fasciculatum]]'' Siebold & Zucc.
 
−
*''[[Ribes fragrans]]'' Pall.
 
−
*''[[Ribes gayanum]]'' (Spach) Steud.
 
−
*''[[Ribes giraldii]]'' Jancz.
 
−
*''[[Ribes glaciale]]'' Wallich
 
−
*''[[Ribes glandulosum]]'' Grauer ex Weber - White currant
 
−
*''[[Ribes glutinosum]]'' Benth.
 
−
*''[[Ribes grossularioides]]'' Maxim. - Japanese Gooseberry
 
−
*''[[Ribes henryi]]'' Franch.
 
−
*''[[Ribes hirtellum]]'' Michx. - North American Gooseberry
 
−
*''[[Ribes hudsonianum]]'' Richards - Northern Blackcurrant
 
−
*''[[Ribes indecorum]]'' Eastw. - White-flowered Currant
 
−
*''[[Ribes inebrians]]'' Lindl.
 
−
*''[[Ribes inerme]]'' Rydb.
 
−
*''[[Ribes irriguum]]'' Douglas
 
−
*''[[Ribes japonicum]]'' Maxim.
 
−
*''[[Ribes lacustre]]'' (Pers.) Poir.
 
−
*''[[Ribes lasianthum]]'' Greene
 
−
*''[[Ribes laurifolium]]'' Jancz.
 
−
*''[[Ribes laxiflorum]]'' Pursh
 
−
*''[[Ribes leptanthum]]'' A.Gray
 
−
*''[[Ribes lobbii]]'' A.Gray - Gummy Gooseberry
 
−
*''[[Ribes longeracemosum]]'' Franch.
 
−
*''[[Ribes luridum]]'' Hook. & Thoms.
 
−
*''[[Ribes malvaceum]]'' Sm.
 
−
*''[[Ribes mandschuricum]]'' (Maxim.) Komarov
 
−
*''[[Ribes maximowiczii]]'' Batal.
 
−
*''[[Ribes menziesii]]'' Pursh - Canyon Gooseberry
 
−
*''[[Ribes meyeri]]'' Maxim.
 
−
*''[[Ribes missouriense]]'' Nutt. - Missouri Gooseberry
 
−
*''[[Ribes montigenum]]'' McClat.
 
−
*''[[Ribes moupinense]]'' Franch.
 
−
*''[[Ribes multiflorum]]'' Kit.
 
−
*''[[Ribes nevadense]]'' Kellogg - Sierra Currant
 
−
*''[[Ribes nigrum]]'' L. - [[Blackcurrant]]
 
−
*''[[Ribes niveum]]'' Lindl.
 
−
*''[[Ribes odoratum]]'' H.L.Wendl. - Buffalo Currant
 
−
*''[[Ribes orientale]]'' Desf.
 
−
*''[[Ribes oxyacanthoides]]'' L. - American Mountain Gooseberry
 
−
*''[[Ribes petiolare]]'' Fisch.
 
−
*''[[Ribes petraeum]]'' Wulf.
 
−
*''[[Ribes pinetorum]]'' Greene
 
−
*''[[Ribes procumbens]]'' Pall.
 
−
*''[[Ribes pulchellum]]'' Turcz.
 
−
*''[[Ribes quercetorum]]'' Greene
 
−
*''[[Ribes roezlii]]'' Reg. - Sierra Gooseberry
 
−
*''[[Ribes rotundifolium]]'' Michx.
 
−
*''[[Ribes rubrum]]'' L. - [[Redcurrant]]
 
−
*''[[Ribes sanguineum]]'' Pursh - Flowering Currant
 
−
*''[[Ribes setosum]]'' Lindl.
 
−
*''[[Ribes silvestre]]'' (Lam.) Mert. & Koch (syn. ''R. sativum'')
 
−
*''[[Ribes speciosum]]'' Pursh - Fuchsia-flowered Gooseberry
 
−
*''[[Ribes spicatum]]'' Robson - Nordic Redcurrant
 
−
*''[[Ribes stenocarpum]]'' Maxim.
 
−
*''[[Ribes tenue]]'' Jancz.
 
−
*''[[Ribes triste]]'' Pall. - [[Northern Redcurrant]] or Swamp Redcurrant
 
−
*''[[Ribes ussuriense]]'' Jancz.
 
−
*''[[Ribes uva-crispa]]'' L. (syn. ''R. grossularia'') - [[Gooseberry]]
 
−
*''[[Ribes viburnifolium]]'' A.Gray
 
−
*''[[Ribes vilmorinii]]'' Jancz.
 
−
*''[[Ribes viscosissimum]]'' Pursh
 
−
*''[[Ribes warszewiczii]]'' Jancz.
 
−
*''[[Ribes wolfii]]'' Rothr.
 
  
−
==External link==
+
==External links==
−
{{commons|Ribes}}
+
*{{wplink}}
−
*[http://www.uga.edu/fruit/ribes.htm Entry on ''Ribes'' at Mark Rieger's UGa fruit crops site]
 
  
−
[[Category:Saxifragales]]
+
{{stub}}
 +
__NOTOC__

Latest revision as of 17:01, 24 December 2009


Gooseberry Ribes grossularia (detail).JPG


Plant Characteristics
Cultivation
Scientific Names

Grossulariaceae >

Ribes >


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Ribes is a genus of about 150 species of flowering plants, usually treated as the only genus in the family Grossulariaceae. The genus is native throughout the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere.

Ribes includes the currants, including the edible currants (blackcurrant, redcurrant and whitecurrant), gooseberries, and many ornamental plants. The Ribes currant should not be confused with the Zante currant grape.

Seven subgenera are recognised. A few taxonomists place the gooseberry species in a separate genus, Grossularia, despite the Jostaberry gooseberry/blackcurrant hybrid.

There are restrictions on growing Ribes species in many US states as they are a host for White Pine Blister Rust.


Read about Ribes in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Ribes (probably derived from ribas, the Arabic name for Rheum Ribes, or by some supposed to be the Latinized form of riebs, an old German word for currant). Saxifragaceae. Currant. Gooseberry. Woody plants partly grown for their edible fruits and partly for their handsome flowers, fruits, or foliage.

Unarmed or prickly shrubs with deciduous or rarely evergreen foliage: lvs. alternate, often fascicled, simple, usually palmately lobed and mostly plaited in the bud: fls. perfect or in some species dioecious, 5-merous, rarely 4-merous, in many-fld. to few-fld. racemes, or solitary; calyx-tube cylindric to rotate, like the sepals usually colored; petals usually smaller than the sepals, often minute, rarely entirely wanting; stamens alternating with the petals, shorter or longer than the sepals; ovary inferior, 1-celled; styles 1 or 2 (Fig. 3401): fr. a many-seeded pulpy berry, crowned by the remains of the calyx. —About 150 species in the colder and temperate regions of N. and S. Amer., N. and Cent. Asia, Eu., and N. Afr. The genus is sometimes divided into two: the true Ribes with usually unarmed sts., racemose fls., and jointed pedicels, and Grossularia (p. 1414) with prickly sts.; fls. solitary or in short 2-4-fld. racemes and with the pedicels not jointed. The most recent monograph of the genus is by Janczewski, Monographie des Groseilliers, 1907 (originally published in Mem. Soc. Phys. Nat. Hist. Geneve, 35:199-517, with 202 figs.), with important supplements in Bull. Acad. Sci. Cracovic, ser. B, 1910-13. The N. American species are treated by Coville & Britton in North American Flora, 22:193-225 (1908) under the two genera Ribes and Grossularia. There are also descriptions and figures of the more important species in Card's Bush Fruits, 444-84, figs. 80-109 (1911).

The currants and gooseberies are usually low, upright or less often procumbent deciduous, rarely evergreen shrubs with prickly or unarmed branches, small or medium-sized usually lobed leaves, with rather small solitary or racemose flowers often greenish or reddish and insignificant, but in some species white or brightly colored in shades of red, scarlet, orange or yellow; the fruits also are often attractive and either black, purple, scarlet, yellowish or greenish. The flowers appear in spring with the leaves, and the fruits ripen in June or July, but in R. fasciculatum they do not mature until September and remain on the branches all winter. Most species are hardy North except the evergreen ones; also R. sanguineum, R. Roezlii, R. Lobbii, R. viscosissimum are not quite hardy North. The tender R. speciosum with fuchsia-like bright red flowers is perhaps the most showy species of the genus, though also R. sanguineum, R. odoratum, R. Gordonianum, R. Roezlii, R. Lobbii, R. pinetorum, R. cereum, R. inebrians, R. niveum, and others are handsome in bloom, while some, as R. alpinum and R. fasciculatum, have ornamental scarlet fruits. They are well adapted for borders of shrubberies and, particularly the procumbent kinds, for planting on slopes. R. alpinum is excellent for shady places and as undergrowth. R. alpestre, a strong-growing and very spiny gooseberry from western China, may prove valuable as a hedge-plant. Many species bear edible fruits; the most important are the domestic currant, R. vulgare, and the European gooseberry, R. Grossularia; of less importance are the black currant, R. nigrum, the Buffalo or Missouri currant, R. odoratum, the European R. rubrum and some of the American gooseberries, as R. hirtellum, R. Cynosbati, R. oxyacanthoides, R. setosum, R. inerme. These plants are mostly of easy cultivation; they grow in any moderately good loamy soil, the gooseberries preferring as a rule drier and sunnier positions, while the currants like more humidity and grow well in partly shaded situations. Propagation is by seeds which germinate readily; also by hardwood cuttings in autumn and by greenwood cuttings in summer under glass; mound-layering in summer is sometimes practised; budding or grafting is usually resorted to only, if quick propagation of rare varieties is desired. In Europe, currants and gooseberries are sometimes grafted high on R. odoratum trained to one stem, to form little standard trees. See also Currant and Gooseberry for cultivation.


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

Propagation

Pests and diseases

Varieties

Selected species:


Read about Ribes in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

{{{1}}}

The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Gallery

  • photo 1

  • photo 2

  • photo 3

References

External links


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