Difference between revisions of "Soldanella"

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|familia=Primulaceae
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|genus=Soldanella
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| high = ?  <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
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|life_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|image=Soldanella carpatica a3.jpg
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|image_caption=Soldanella carpatica
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The genus '''''Soldanella''''', commonly known in [[English language|English]] as  '''snowbell''', includes about 15 [[species]] in the [[flowering plant]] family [[Primulaceae]], native to [[Europe]]an [[mountain]]s, from the [[Pyrenees]], the [[Apennine Mountains|Apennines]], the [[Alps]], the [[Carpathian Mountains|Carpathians]] and the [[Balkans]]. They grow in woods, damp pastures and rocky landscapes from 500-3,000 [[metre|m]] [[above sea level]], usually in hollows which hold [[snow]] long into the summer.
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They typically have a basal rosette of simple, orbicular [[Leaf|leaves]] 1–5 cm wide, with the flower stalks arising from the centre of the rosette, each stalk bearing 1-6 white to violet [[flower]]s.
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Soldanella (Latin, a small coin, referring to the shape of the leaves). Primulaceae. Small glabrous perennial herbs with short rhizomes, hardy and useful in the border or rock-garden.
 
Soldanella (Latin, a small coin, referring to the shape of the leaves). Primulaceae. Small glabrous perennial herbs with short rhizomes, hardy and useful in the border or rock-garden.
  
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==Cultivation==
 
==Cultivation==
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===Propagation===
 
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===Pests and diseases===
 
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==Species==
 
==Species==
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The species are similar to each other and it is nearly impossible to identify images. Subtle differences are observable using a magnifying glass.
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The species can be lumped in groups of similar appearance.
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Large-sized plants
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1. ''S. villosa'' occurring in Basque Lands at low elevations has large papery leaves and about 1 mm glandular hairs on petioles.
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Medium-sized plants
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2. ''S. alpina'' including ''S. occidentalis'' and ''S. pyrolaefolia'' occurring in the Alps and Southern European mountains has sitting glands on petioles, scapes and pedicels.
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3. ''S. carpatica'' occurring in the Western Carpathians in Slovakia and Poland has sitting glands on petioles but short glandular hairs on pedicels.
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4. ''S. marmarossiensis'' including ''S. rugosa'' occurring in the North-Eastern Carpatians in the Ukraine and Romania has short glandular hairs on petioles and pedicels and narrowly crateriform corolla.
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5. ''S. angusta'', ''S. calabrella'', ''S. chrysosticta'' including ''S. cyanaster'', ''S. hungarica'', ''S. major'', ''S. montana'', ''S. oreodoxa'', ''S. pindicola'' including ''S. dimoniei'' and ''S. macedonica'', ''S. pseudomontana'', ''S. rhodopaea'', ''S. tatricola'' all having broadly crateriform corolla mutually differ in the length and shape of cells forming short glandular hairs on petioles and pedicells.
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Small-sized plants
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6. ''S. alpicola'' occurring in the Alps, ''S. pusilla'' occurring in the Southern Carpathians and ''S. pirinica'' occurring in Bulgaria are characterized by the top position of the bract and sitting glands. Often encountered hybrid ''S. alpina'' × ''S. alpicola'' has laterally positioned bract.
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7. ''S. austriaca'' and ''S. minima'' occurring in the Alps and Apennines are characterized by short glandular hairs and laterally positioned bract.
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''[[Soldanella alpicola]]''<br/>
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''[[Soldanella alpina]]''<br/>
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''[[Soldanella angusta]]''<br/>
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''[[Soldanella austriaca]]''<br/>
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''[[Soldanella calabrella]]''<br/>
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''[[Soldanella carpatica]]''<br/>
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''[[Soldanella chrysosticta subsp. chrysosticta]]''<br/>
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''[[Soldanella chrysosticta subsp. pelia]]''<br/>
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''[[Soldanella cyanaster = S. chrysosticta]]''<br/>
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''[[Soldanella dimoniei = S. pindicola]]''<br/>
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''[[Soldanella hungarica]]''<br/>
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''[[Soldanella macedonica = S. pindicola]]''<br/>
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''[[Soldanella major]]''<br/>
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''[[Soldanella marmarossiensis]]''<br/>
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''[[Soldanella minima subsp. minima]]''<br/>
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''[[Soldanella minima subsp. samnitica]]''<br/>
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''[[Soldanella montana subsp. montana]]''<br/>
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''[[Soldanella montana subsp. gubalowkae]]''<br/>
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''[[Soldanella occidentalis = S. alpina]]''<br/>
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''[[Soldanella oreodoxa]]''<br/>
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''[[Soldanella pindicola subsp. pindicola]]''<br/>
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''[[Soldanella pindicola subsp. pelia]]''<br/>
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''[[Soldanella pseudomontana]]''<br/>
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''[[Soldanella pusilla]]''<br/>
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''[[Soldanella pyrolaefolia = S. alpina]]''<br/>
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''[[Soldanella rhodopaea]]''<br/>
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''[[Soldanella rugosa = S. marmarossiensis]]''<br/>
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''[[Soldanella tatricola]]''<br/>
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''[[Soldanella villosa]]''
  
 
==Gallery==
 
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==References==
 
==References==
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
 
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
 
<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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Latest revision as of 19:34, 2 June 2010


Soldanella carpatica


Plant Characteristics
Lifespan: ⌛ perennial
Cultivation
Scientific Names

Primulaceae >

Soldanella >

L. >


If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!


The genus Soldanella, commonly known in English as snowbell, includes about 15 species in the flowering plant family Primulaceae, native to European mountains, from the Pyrenees, the Apennines, the Alps, the Carpathians and the Balkans. They grow in woods, damp pastures and rocky landscapes from 500-3,000 m above sea level, usually in hollows which hold snow long into the summer.

They typically have a basal rosette of simple, orbicular leaves 1–5 cm wide, with the flower stalks arising from the centre of the rosette, each stalk bearing 1-6 white to violet flowers.


Read about Soldanella in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Soldanella (Latin, a small coin, referring to the shape of the leaves). Primulaceae. Small glabrous perennial herbs with short rhizomes, hardy and useful in the border or rock-garden.

Leaves long-petioled, thick, cordate-orbicular or reniform, entire: scapes slender, solitary or few, 1-fld. or many-fld., umbellate: fls. blue, violet, or rose, rarely white, nodding, about 1/2 – 3/4 in. across: calyx 5-parted, segms. lanceolate, persistent; corolla hypogynous, funnelform-campanulate, 5-lobed to the middle, the lobes laciniate-lacerate; ovary superior, ovoid: caps. conic-oblong, many-seeded.—Species, 6, mountains of Eu. For account of species and cult., see Gn. 61, pp. 126,127; for monograph, Paxt. & Knuth in Das Pflanzenreich, hft. 22 (IV. 237).

Soldanellas are amongst the most famous flowers of the Alps, though not the commonest. S. alpina ascends the mountains to the line of perpetual snow. Grant Allen, in "Flashlights on Nature," declares that the flower of soldanella actually thaws its way up through a solid block of ice. Soldanellas are cultivated in this country only in a few rock-gardens. Those who have limited resources and dwell in the region of changeable winters might attempt to grow these plants in pots under a frame in lieu of nature's winter covering. They are said to prefer a half-shady or shady position and are propagated by seed or division. CH


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

Propagation

Pests and diseases

Species

The species are similar to each other and it is nearly impossible to identify images. Subtle differences are observable using a magnifying glass.

The species can be lumped in groups of similar appearance.

Large-sized plants

1. S. villosa occurring in Basque Lands at low elevations has large papery leaves and about 1 mm glandular hairs on petioles.

Medium-sized plants

2. S. alpina including S. occidentalis and S. pyrolaefolia occurring in the Alps and Southern European mountains has sitting glands on petioles, scapes and pedicels.

3. S. carpatica occurring in the Western Carpathians in Slovakia and Poland has sitting glands on petioles but short glandular hairs on pedicels.

4. S. marmarossiensis including S. rugosa occurring in the North-Eastern Carpatians in the Ukraine and Romania has short glandular hairs on petioles and pedicels and narrowly crateriform corolla.

5. S. angusta, S. calabrella, S. chrysosticta including S. cyanaster, S. hungarica, S. major, S. montana, S. oreodoxa, S. pindicola including S. dimoniei and S. macedonica, S. pseudomontana, S. rhodopaea, S. tatricola all having broadly crateriform corolla mutually differ in the length and shape of cells forming short glandular hairs on petioles and pedicells.

Small-sized plants

6. S. alpicola occurring in the Alps, S. pusilla occurring in the Southern Carpathians and S. pirinica occurring in Bulgaria are characterized by the top position of the bract and sitting glands. Often encountered hybrid S. alpina × S. alpicola has laterally positioned bract.

7. S. austriaca and S. minima occurring in the Alps and Apennines are characterized by short glandular hairs and laterally positioned bract.

Soldanella alpicola
Soldanella alpina
Soldanella angusta
Soldanella austriaca
Soldanella calabrella
Soldanella carpatica
Soldanella chrysosticta subsp. chrysosticta
Soldanella chrysosticta subsp. pelia
Soldanella cyanaster = S. chrysosticta
Soldanella dimoniei = S. pindicola
Soldanella hungarica
Soldanella macedonica = S. pindicola
Soldanella major
Soldanella marmarossiensis
Soldanella minima subsp. minima
Soldanella minima subsp. samnitica
Soldanella montana subsp. montana
Soldanella montana subsp. gubalowkae
Soldanella occidentalis = S. alpina
Soldanella oreodoxa
Soldanella pindicola subsp. pindicola
Soldanella pindicola subsp. pelia
Soldanella pseudomontana
Soldanella pusilla
Soldanella pyrolaefolia = S. alpina
Soldanella rhodopaea
Soldanella rugosa = S. marmarossiensis
Soldanella tatricola
Soldanella villosa

Gallery

  • photo 1

  • photo 2

  • photo 3

References


External links


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