Difference between revisions of "Sophronitis"

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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
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{{SPlantbox
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| name = ''Sophronitis''
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|familia=Orchidaceae
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| common_names =     <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank -->
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|genus=Sophronitis
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| growth_habit = ?  <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc -->
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|habit=orchid
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| high = ?  <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
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|habit_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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| wide =    <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
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|lifespan=perennial
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| origin = ?  <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
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|life_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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| poisonous =    <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
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|Temp Metric=°F
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| lifespan =     <!--- perennial, annual, etc -->
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|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
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| exposure = ?  <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
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|image=Laelia lobata1.jpg
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| water = ?  <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
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|image_width=240
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| features =     <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
 
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| hardiness =    <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
 
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| bloom =    <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
 
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| usda_zones = ?  <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
 
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| sunset_zones =    <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
 
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| color = IndianRed
 
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| image = Sophronitis-dayana.jpg
 
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| image_width = 180px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
 
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| image_caption = Sophronitis dayana
 
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| regnum = Plantae
 
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| divisio = Magnoliophyta
 
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| classis = Liliopsida
 
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| ordo = Asparagales
 
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| familia = Orchidaceae
 
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| subfamilia = Epidendroideae
 
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| tribus = Epidendreae
 
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| subtribus = Laeliinae
 
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| alliance = Cattleya
 
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| genus = Sophronitis
 
 
}}
 
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'''''Sophronitis''''', abbreviated '''Soph''' in horticultural trade, is a genus of small, [[epiphyte|epiphytic]] or [[lithophyte|lithophytic]] [[orchid]]s, growing in the damp montane forest of eastern [[Brazil]], [[Paraguay]] and NE [[Argentina]]. Currently, 65 species are recognized.
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''Sophronitis'' species are widely known for their red flowers, particularly ''Sophronitis coccinea''. Between the time that the Brazilian ''[[Laelia]]s'' were moved to ''Sophronitis'' and the reduction of ''Sophronitis'' to synonymy under ''[[Cattleya]]'', the genus was also known for large flowered species such as ''Sophronitis purpurata''.
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In January 2008, the International Orchid Committee voted to reduce ''Sophronitis'' to synonymy under ''[[Cattleya]]''.<ref name="Sophronitis">[http://www.aos.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Home&TEMPLATE=/CM/ContentDisplay.cfm&CONTENTID=4714m RHS Advisory Panel on Orchid Hybrid Registration (APOHR) Meeting]</ref> The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) has already moved a hybrid of the [[rupicolous]] ''[[Laelia]]'' that had been renamed ''[[Sophronitis esalqueana]]'' into the genus ''[[Cattleya]]''.
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They have short, ovoid, often densely clustered pseudobulbs along the [[rhizome]], in which grows a single, or rarely two, apical, erect, fleshy, gray-green [[leaves]].
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The leaf gives rise to a terminal [[inflorescence]] with one to eight [[flower]]s. Sometimes this inflorescence is subtended by a spathaceous bract, sometimes erroneously called [[spathe]] (spathe is a typical form in some other families such as [[Araceae]] and [[Arecaceae]]). The flowers have similarly shaped [[sepal]]s and [[petal]]s, and can be yellow, pink, lavender, magenta, orange and red.
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The trilobed [[labellum|lip]] has lateral lobes that partially encircle the [[column (botany)|column]]. The smaller midlobe has a yellow disc and the spur is adnate to the [[ovary (plants)|ovary]]. The lip often presents some lamellate calli.
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Some species are yellow, and almost all species have some shades of orange due to natural variation within the species.
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They are used extensively in [[Hybrid (biology)|hybridization]] to influence the small size and the dark red color of the progeny, such as in the hybrid x ''Sophrolaeliocattleya'' (x''Slc''.) ''Sophronitis'' species are quite small, a characteristic that may be conferred to progeny such that they are more compact.
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This new classification was created by Van den Berg and M.W. Chase in 2000. In addition to the traditional small, red species, it included all ''Laelia'' species from Brazil, based on DNA evidence. The Mexican species still are ''Laelia''.
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{{Inc|
 
{{Inc|
 
Sophronitis (Greek, modest). Orchidaceae. Dwarf epiphytic orchids, cultivated on account of their neat habit and brilliantly colored flowers.
 
Sophronitis (Greek, modest). Orchidaceae. Dwarf epiphytic orchids, cultivated on account of their neat habit and brilliantly colored flowers.
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==Cultivation==
 
==Cultivation==
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===Propagation===
 
===Propagation===
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===Pests and diseases===
 
===Pests and diseases===
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==Species==
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Many of these species used to belong to the genus ''Laelia''{{wp}}.
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== Species ==
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*''1.[[Sophronitis acuensis]]'' Fowlie: '''Açu Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Rio de Janeiro).
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Many of these species used to belong to the genus ''Laelia''.
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*''2.[[Sophronitis alaorii]]'' (Brieger & Bicalho) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Alaor's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Bahia).  
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* ''1.[[Sophronitis acuensis]]'' Fowlie: '''Açu Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Rio de Janeiro).
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*''3.[[Sophronitis alagoensis]]'' V.P.Castro & Chiron: ''' (Brazil - Alagoas)
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* ''2.[[Sophronitis alaorii]]'' (Brieger & Bicalho) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Alaor's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Bahia).
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*''4.[[Sophronitis alvaroana]]'' (F.E.L.Miranda) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: (Brazil - Rio de Janeiro).
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* ''3.[[Sophronitis alagoensis]]'' V.P.Castro & Chiron: ''' (Brazil - Alagoas)
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*''5.[[Sophronitis angereri]]'' (Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Angerer's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais).  
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* ''4.[[Sophronitis alvaroana]]'' (F.E.L.Miranda) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: (Brazil - Rio de Janeiro).
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*''6.[[Sophronitis bahiensis]]'' (Schltr.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Bahian Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Bahia).
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* ''5.[[Sophronitis angereri]]'' (Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Angerer's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
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*''7.[[Sophronitis bicolor]]'' F.E.L.Miranda: '''Bicolored Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Rio de Janeiro).
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* ''6.[[Sophronitis bahiensis]]'' (Schltr.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Bahian Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Bahia).
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*''8.[[Sophronitis blumenscheinii]]'' (Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Blumenschein's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
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* ''7.[[Sophronitis bicolor]]'' F.E.L.Miranda: '''Bicolored Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Rio de Janeiro).
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*''9.[[Sophronitis bradei]]'' (Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Brade's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
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* ''8.[[Sophronitis blumenscheinii]]'' (Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Blumenschein's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
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*''10.[[Sophronitis brevicaulis]]'' (H.G.Jones) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Short stemmed Sophronitis''' (Brazil).
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* ''9.[[Sophronitis bradei]]'' (Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Brade's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
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*''11.[[Sophronitis brevipedunculata]]'' ([[Cogn.]]) Fowlie: '''Short-stalked Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
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* ''10.[[Sophronitis brevicaulis]]'' (H.G.Jones) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Short stemmed Sophronitis''' (Brazil).
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*''12.[[Sophronitis briegeri]]'' (Blumensch. ex Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Brieger's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais).  
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* ''11.[[Sophronitis brevipedunculata]]'' ([[Cogn.]]) Fowlie: '''Short-stalked Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
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*''13.[[Sophronitis britoi]]'' (K.G.Lacerda & V.P.Castro) Campacci: '''Brito's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais)
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* ''12.[[Sophronitis briegeri]]'' (Blumensch. ex Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Brieger's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
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*''14.[[Sophronitis caulescens]]'' (Lindl.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Caulescent Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
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* ''13.[[Sophronitis britoi]]'' (K.G.Lacerda & V.P.Castro) Campacci: '''Brito's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais)
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*''15.[[Sophronitis cernua]]'' (Lindl.) Hook.: '''Nodding Sophronitis''' (Brazil to NE. Argentina).
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* ''14.[[Sophronitis caulescens]]'' (Lindl.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Caulescent Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
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**''15.1.Sophronitis cernua '' var. ''alagoensis'' (Brazil - Alagoas). Pseudobulb epiphyte
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* ''15.[[Sophronitis cernua]]'' (Lindl.) Hook.: '''Nodding Sophronitis''' (Brazil to NE. Argentina). This is the type species<ref>Carl Leslie Withner, ''The Cattleyas and Their Relatives: Schomburgkia, Sophronitis, and Other South American Genera'', Timber Press, 1990. p.67</ref>
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**''15.2.Sophronitis cernua'' var. ''cernua'' (Brazil to NE. Argentina). Pseudobulb epiphyte
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** ''15.1.Sophronitis cernua '' var. ''alagoensis'' (Brazil - Alagoas). Pseudobulb epiphyte
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*''16.[[Sophronitis cinnabarina]]'' (Bateman ex Lindl.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Cinnabar Sophronitis''' (Brazil - S. Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro).
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** ''15.2.Sophronitis cernua'' var. ''cernua'' (Brazil to NE. Argentina). Pseudobulb epiphyte
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*''17.[[Sophronitis coccinea]]'' (Lindl.)Rchb.f.: '''Scarlet Sophronitis''' (Brazil to Argentina - Misiones).  
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* ''16.[[Sophronitis cinnabarina]]'' (Bateman ex Lindl.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Cinnabar Sophronitis''' (Brazil - S. Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro).
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*''18.[[Sophronitis colnagoi]]'' (Chiron & V.P.Castro) Campacci: '''Colnago's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
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* ''17.[[Sophronitis coccinea]]'' (Lindl.)Rchb.f.: '''Scarlet Sophronitis''' (Brazil to Argentina - Misiones).
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*''19.[[Sophronitis conceicionensis]]'' (V.P.Castro & Campacci) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Sophronitis of Conceição do Mato Dentro''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais)  
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* ''18.[[Sophronitis colnagoi]]'' (Chiron & V.P.Castro) Campacci: '''Colnago's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
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*''20.[[Sophronitis crispa]]'' (Lindl.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Crisped Sophronitis''' (SE. Brazil)  
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* ''19.[[Sophronitis conceicionensis]]'' (V.P.Castro & Campacci) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Sophronitis of Conceição do Mato Dentro''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais)
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*''21.[[Sophronitis crispata]]'' (Thunb.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Cliff-dwelling Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
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* ''20.[[Sophronitis crispa]]'' (Lindl.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Crisped Sophronitis''' (SE. Brazil)
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*''22.[[Sophronitis dayana]]'' (Rchb.f.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Day's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - S. Minas Gerais to Rio de Janeiro).
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* ''21.[[Sophronitis crispata]]'' (Thunb.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Cliff-dwelling Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
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* ''22.[[Sophronitis dayana]]'' (Rchb.f.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Day's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - S. Minas Gerais to Rio de Janeiro).
 
[[Image:Sophronitis-purpurata.jpg|thumb|right|250px|''Sophronitis purpurata'']]
 
[[Image:Sophronitis-purpurata.jpg|thumb|right|250px|''Sophronitis purpurata'']]
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*''23.[[Sophronitis duveenii]]'' (Fowlie) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Duveen's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais: Serra do Cipó).
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* ''23.[[Sophronitis duveenii]]'' (Fowlie) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Duveen's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais: Serra do Cipó).
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*''24.[[Sophronitis endsfeldzii]]'' (Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Endsfeldz's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
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* ''24.[[Sophronitis endsfeldzii]]'' (Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Endsfeldz's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
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*''25.[[Sophronitis esalqueana]]'' (Blumensch. ex Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''ESALQ's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
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* ''25.[[Sophronitis esalqueana]]'' (Blumensch. ex Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''ESALQ's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
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*''26.[[Sophronitis fidelensis]]'' (Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''São Fidélis Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Rio de Janeiro).
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* ''26.[[Sophronitis fidelensis]]'' (Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''São Fidélis Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Rio de Janeiro).
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*''27.[[Sophronitis flavasulina]]'' (F.E.L.Miranda & K.G.Lacerda) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Southern Yellow Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais)
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* ''27.[[Sophronitis flavasulina]]'' (F.E.L.Miranda & K.G.Lacerda) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Southern Yellow Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais)
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*''28.[[Sophronitis fournieri]]'' (Cogn.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Fournier's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais)
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* ''28.[[Sophronitis fournieri]]'' (Cogn.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Fournier's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais)
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*''29.[[Sophronitis ghillanyi]]'' (Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Ghilany's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
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* ''29.[[Sophronitis ghillanyi]]'' (Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Ghilany's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
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*''30.[[Sophronitis gloedeniana]]'' (Hoehne) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Gloeden's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - São Paulo).
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* ''30.[[Sophronitis gloedeniana]]'' (Hoehne) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Gloeden's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - São Paulo).
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*''31.[[Sophronitis gracilis]]'' (Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Graceful Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais: Serra do Cipó).
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* ''31.[[Sophronitis gracilis]]'' (Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Graceful Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais: Serra do Cipó).
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*''32.[[Sophronitis grandis]]'' (Lindl.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Grand Sophronitis''' (Brazil - SE. Bahia to N. Espírito Santo).
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* ''32.[[Sophronitis grandis]]'' (Lindl.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Grand Sophronitis''' (Brazil - SE. Bahia to N. Espírito Santo).
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*''33.[[Sophronitis harpophylla]]'' (Rchb.f.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Sickle-leaf Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais to Espírito Santo).
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* ''33.[[Sophronitis harpophylla]]'' (Rchb.f.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Sickle-leaf Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais to Espírito Santo).
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*''34.[[Sophronitis hispidula]]'' (Pabst & A.F.Mello) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Finely Bristled Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
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* ''34.[[Sophronitis hispidula]]'' (Pabst & A.F.Mello) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Finely Bristled Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
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*''35.[[Sophronitis itambana]]'' (Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Itambé Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
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* ''35.[[Sophronitis itambana]]'' (Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Itambé Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
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*''36.[[Sophronitis jongheana]]'' (Rchb.f.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Jonghe's   Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
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* ''36.[[Sophronitis jongheana]]'' (Rchb.f.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Jonghe's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
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*''37.[[Sophronitis kautskyana]]'' (V.P.Castro & Chiron) Baptista: '''Kaustsky's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Espírito Santo).
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* ''37.[[Sophronitis kautskyana]]'' (V.P.Castro & Chiron) Baptista: '''Kaustsky's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Espírito Santo).
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*''38.[[Sophronitis kautskyi]]'' (Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Kautsky's Sophronitis''' (SE. Brazil)  
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* ''38.[[Sophronitis kautskyi]]'' (Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Kautsky's Sophronitis''' (SE. Brazil)
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*''39.[[Sophronitis kettieana]]'' (Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Kettie's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais)
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* ''39.[[Sophronitis kettieana]]'' (Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Kettie's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais)
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*''40.[[Sophronitis liliputana]]'' (Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Dwarf Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais: Serra do Ouro Branco).
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* ''40.[[Sophronitis liliputana]]'' (Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Dwarf Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais: Serra do Ouro Branco).
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*''41.[[Sophronitis lobata]]'' (Lindl) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Lobed Sophronitis''' (SE. Brazil.
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* ''41.[[Sophronitis lobata]]'' (Lindl) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Lobed Sophronitis''' (SE. Brazil.
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*''42.[[Sophronitis longipes]]'' (Rchb.f.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase : '''Long-column Sophronitis''' (SE. Brazil - Serra do Cipó).
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* ''42.[[Sophronitis longipes]]'' (Rchb.f.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase : '''Long-column Sophronitis''' (SE. Brazil - Serra do Cipó).
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*''43.[[Sophronitis lundii]]'' (Rchb.f. & Warm.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase : '''Lund's Sophronitis''' (Bolivia to Argentina - Misiones, Salta).
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* ''43.[[Sophronitis lundii]]'' (Rchb.f. & Warm.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase : '''Lund's Sophronitis''' (Bolivia to Argentina - Misiones, Salta).
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**''43.1.Sophronitis lundii'' f. ''alba'' (L.C.Menezes) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase
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** ''43.1.Sophronitis lundii'' f. ''alba'' (L.C.Menezes) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase
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*''44.[[Sophronitis marcaliana]]'' (Campacci & Chiron) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Marçal's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Bahia).
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* ''44.[[Sophronitis mantiqueirae]]'' Fowlie: '''Mantiqueira Sophronitis''' (SE. Brazil).
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*''45.[[Sophronitis milleri]]'' (Blumensch. ex Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Miller's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
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* ''45.[[Sophronitis marcaliana]]'' (Campacci & Chiron) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Marçal's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Bahia).
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* ''46.[[Sophronitis milleri]]'' (Blumensch. ex Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Miller's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
 
[[Image:Sophronitis-sincorana.jpg|thumb|right|250px|''Sophronitis sincorana'']]
 
[[Image:Sophronitis-sincorana.jpg|thumb|right|250px|''Sophronitis sincorana'']]
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*''46.[[Sophronitis mixta]]'' (Hoehne) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Mixed Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Espírito Santo).
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* ''47.[[Sophronitis mixta]]'' (Hoehne) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Mixed Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Espírito Santo).
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*''47.[[Sophronitis munchowiana]]'' (F.E.L.Miranda) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Munchow's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Espírito Santo).
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* ''48.[[Sophronitis munchowiana]]'' (F.E.L.Miranda) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Munchow's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Espírito Santo).
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*''48.[[Sophronitis neomirandae]]'' Baptista: '''Miranda's other Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais).  
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* ''49.[[Sophronitis neomirandae]]'' Baptista: '''Miranda's other Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
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*''49.[[Sophronitis pabstii]]'' (F.E.L.Miranda & K.G.Lacerda) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Pabst's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais)  
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* ''50.[[Sophronitis pabstii]]'' (F.E.L.Miranda & K.G.Lacerda) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Pabst's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais)
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*''50.[[Sophronitis pendula]]'' (R.C.Mota, P.L.Viana & K.G.Lacerda) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Hanging Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais)  
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* ''51.[[Sophronitis pendula]]'' (R.C.Mota, P.L.Viana & K.G.Lacerda) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Hanging Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais)
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*''51.[[Sophronitis perrinii]]'' (Lindl.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Perrin's Sophronitis''' (SE. Brazil)
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* ''52.[[Sophronitis perrinii]]'' (Lindl.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Perrin's Sophronitis''' (SE. Brazil)
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*''52.[[Sophronitis pfisteri]]'' (Pabst & Senghas) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Pfister's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Bahia).
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* ''53.[[Sophronitis pfisteri]]'' (Pabst & Senghas) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Pfister's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Bahia).
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*''53.[[Sophronitis praestans]]'' (Linden & Rchb.f.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Spectacular Sophronitis''' (SE. Brazil)  
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* ''54.[[Sophronitis praestans]]'' (Linden & Rchb.f.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Spectacular Sophronitis''' (SE. Brazil)
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*''54.[[Sophronitis presidentensis]]'' (Campacci) Campacci: '''Presidente's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
+
* ''55.[[Sophronitis presidentensis]]'' (Campacci) Campacci: '''Presidente's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
−
*''55.[[Sophronitis pumila]]'' (Hook.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Dwarf Sophronitis''' (SE. & S. Brazil)  
+
* ''56.[[Sophronitis pumila]]'' (Hook.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Dwarf Sophronitis''' (SE. & S. Brazil)
−
*''56.[[Sophronitis purpurata]]'' (Lindl. & Paxton) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Purple-stained Sophronitis''' (SE. & S. Brazil)  
+
* ''57.[[Sophronitis purpurata]]'' (Lindl. & Paxton) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Purple-stained Sophronitis''' (SE. & S. Brazil)
−
*''57.[[Sophronitis pygmaea]]'' (Pabst) Withner (Brazil - Espírito Santo).
+
* ''58.[[Sophronitis pygmaea]]'' (Pabst) Withner (Brazil - Espírito Santo).
−
*''58.[[Sophronitis reginae]]'' (Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Regina's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
+
* ''59.[[Sophronitis reginae]]'' (Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Regina's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
−
*''59.[[Sophronitis sanguiloba]]'' (Withner) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Red-lobed Sophronitis''' (Brazil – Bahia)
+
* ''60.[[Sophronitis sanguiloba]]'' (Withner) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Red-lobed Sophronitis''' (Brazil – Bahia)
−
*''60.[[Sophronitis sincorana]]'' (Schltr) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Sincorá Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Bahia).  
+
* ''61.[[Sophronitis sincorana]]'' (Schltr) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Sincorá Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Bahia).
−
*''61.[[Sophronitis tenebrosa]]'' (Rolfe) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Dark Sophronitis''' (Brazil - SE. Bahia to Espírito Santo).
+
* ''62.[[Sophronitis tenebrosa]]'' (Rolfe) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Dark Sophronitis''' (Brazil - SE. Bahia to Espírito Santo).
−
*''62.[[Sophronitis verboonenii]]'' (F.E.L.Miranda) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Verboonen's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Rio de Janeiro).
+
* ''63.[[Sophronitis verboonenii]]'' (F.E.L.Miranda) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Verboonen's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Rio de Janeiro).
−
*''63.[[Sophronitis virens]]'' (Lindl.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Green-flowered Sophronitis''' (SE. Brazil)  
+
* ''64.[[Sophronitis virens]]'' (Lindl.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Green-flowered Sophronitis''' (SE. Brazil)
−
*''64.[[Sophronitis wittigiana]]'' Barb. Rodr.: '''Wittig's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Espírito Santo).
+
* ''65.[[Sophronitis wittigiana]]'' Barb. Rodr.: '''Wittig's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Espírito Santo).
−
**''64.1.Sophronitis wittigiana]]'' f. ''candida'' Roeth & O.Gruss (2005)
+
** ''65.1.[[Sophronitis wittigiana]]'' f. ''candida'' Roeth & O.Gruss (2005)
−
*''65.[[Sophronitis xanthina]]'' (Lindl.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Yellow Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Bahia to Espírito Santo).
+
* ''66.[[Sophronitis xanthina]]'' (Lindl.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Yellow Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Bahia to Espírito Santo).
  
 
== Natural hybrids ==
 
== Natural hybrids ==
−
[[Image:Sophronitis-tenebrosa.jpg|thumb|right|250px|''Sophronitis tenebrosa'']]
+
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Sophronitis-tenebrosa.jpg|thumb|right|250px|''Sophronitis tenebrosa'']] -->
−
*''Sophronitis × carassana'' (S. lucasiana × S. mantiqueira) (Brazil) {{wp}}
+
* ''Sophronitis × carassana'' (S. lucasiana × S. mantiqueira) (Brazil)
−
*''Sophronitis × cipoensis'' (S. crispata × S. ghillanyi) (Brazil - Minas Gerais).  
+
* ''Sophronitis × cipoensis'' (S. crispata × S. ghillanyi) (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
−
*''Sophronitis × espirito-santensis'' (S. pumila × S. xanthina) (SE. Brazil)  
+
* ''Sophronitis × espirito-santensis'' (S. pumila × S. xanthina) (SE. Brazil)
−
*''Sophronitis x feldmanniana'' (F.E.L.Miranda & K.G.Lacerda) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase 2005
+
* ''Sophronitis x feldmanniana'' (F.E.L.Miranda & K.G.Lacerda) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase 2005
−
*''Sophronitis × gerhard-santosii'' (S. harpophylla × S. kautskyana) (SE. Brazil).
+
* ''Sophronitis × gerhard-santosii'' (S. harpophylla × S. kautskyana) (SE. Brazil).
−
*''Sophronitis × lilacina'' (S. crispa × S. perrinii) (SE. Brazil).  
+
* ''Sophronitis × lilacina'' (S. crispa × S. perrinii) (SE. Brazil).
−
*''Sophronitis × mucugense'' (S. bahiensis × S. pfisteri) (Brazil - Bahia).
+
* ''Sophronitis × mucugense'' (S. bahiensis × S. pfisteri) (Brazil - Bahia).
−
*''Sophronitis x raganii'' (F.E.L.Miranda & K.G.Lacerda) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase 2005
+
* ''Sophronitis x raganii'' (F.E.L.Miranda & K.G.Lacerda) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase 2005
−
*''Sophronitis × wyattiana'' (S. crispa × S. lobata) (SE. Brazil)  
+
* ''Sophronitis × wyattiana'' (S. crispa × S. lobata) (SE. Brazil)
−
*''Sophronitis × zaslawskii'' (S. harpophylla × S. praestans) (SE. Brazil)  
+
* ''Sophronitis × zaslawskii'' (S. harpophylla × S. praestans) (SE. Brazil)
  
−
== Doubtful Species ==  
+
== Doubtful Species ==
−
*''[[Sophronitis mantiqueirae]]'' : '''Mantiqueira Sophronitis''' (SE. Brazil).{{wp}}
+
* ''[[Sophronitis pterocarpa]]'' Lindl. '''Wing Fruited Sophronitis''' (Brazil to Paraguay).
−
**This species is most likely a synonym of ''[[S.caulescens]]'', based on the type locality. The species from the Mantiqueira range has been redescribed as ''[[S.pabstii]]'', as currently recognized.
+
** The type of ''[[S.pterocarpa]]'' is from the city of Rio de Janeiro, where only ''[[S. cernua]]'' occurs. The belief that this species corresponds to the western portion of the range into Paraguay does not match herbarium information.
−
*''[[Sophronitis pterocarpa]]'' Lindl. '''Wing Fruited Sophronitis''' (Brazil to Paraguay).
+
* ''[[Sophronitis tereticaulis]]'' (Hoehne) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Twisted-stem Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
−
**The type of ''[[S.pterocarpa]]'' is from the city of Rio de Janeiro, where only ''[[S. cernua]]'' occurs. The belief that this species corresponds to the western portion of the range into Paraguay does not match herbarium information.
+
** This taxon is a variation of ''[[S. mirandae]]'' which occurs only within some populations, with no biological grounds for species recognition.
−
*''[[Sophronitis tereticaulis]]'' (Hoehne) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Twisted-stem Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
 
−
**This taxon is a variation of ''[[S. mirandae]]'' which occurs only within some populations, with no biological grounds for species recognition.
 
  
 
==Gallery==
 
==Gallery==
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<gallery>
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<gallery perrow=5>
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Image:Upload.png| upload a photo
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File:Laelia_cinnabarina_01.jpg|
 
Image:Sop_mixta.jpg|''Sophronitis mixta''
 
Image:Sop_mixta.jpg|''Sophronitis mixta''
 
Image:Sop_longipes.jpg|''Sophronitis longipes''
 
Image:Sop_longipes.jpg|''Sophronitis longipes''
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==References==
 
==References==
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<references/>
 
<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
 
<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
 
<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
 
<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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Latest revision as of 02:03, 3 June 2010


Laelia lobata1.jpg


Plant Characteristics
Habit   orchid

Lifespan: ⌛ perennial
Cultivation
Scientific Names

Orchidaceae >

Sophronitis >


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Sophronitis, abbreviated Soph in horticultural trade, is a genus of small, epiphytic or lithophytic orchids, growing in the damp montane forest of eastern Brazil, Paraguay and NE Argentina. Currently, 65 species are recognized.

Sophronitis species are widely known for their red flowers, particularly Sophronitis coccinea. Between the time that the Brazilian Laelias were moved to Sophronitis and the reduction of Sophronitis to synonymy under Cattleya, the genus was also known for large flowered species such as Sophronitis purpurata.

In January 2008, the International Orchid Committee voted to reduce Sophronitis to synonymy under Cattleya.[1] The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) has already moved a hybrid of the rupicolous Laelia that had been renamed Sophronitis esalqueana into the genus Cattleya.

They have short, ovoid, often densely clustered pseudobulbs along the rhizome, in which grows a single, or rarely two, apical, erect, fleshy, gray-green leaves.

The leaf gives rise to a terminal inflorescence with one to eight flowers. Sometimes this inflorescence is subtended by a spathaceous bract, sometimes erroneously called spathe (spathe is a typical form in some other families such as Araceae and Arecaceae). The flowers have similarly shaped sepals and petals, and can be yellow, pink, lavender, magenta, orange and red.

The trilobed lip has lateral lobes that partially encircle the column. The smaller midlobe has a yellow disc and the spur is adnate to the ovary. The lip often presents some lamellate calli.

Some species are yellow, and almost all species have some shades of orange due to natural variation within the species.

They are used extensively in hybridization to influence the small size and the dark red color of the progeny, such as in the hybrid x Sophrolaeliocattleya (xSlc.) Sophronitis species are quite small, a characteristic that may be conferred to progeny such that they are more compact.

This new classification was created by Van den Berg and M.W. Chase in 2000. In addition to the traditional small, red species, it included all Laelia species from Brazil, based on DNA evidence. The Mexican species still are Laelia.


Read about Sophronitis in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Sophronitis (Greek, modest). Orchidaceae. Dwarf epiphytic orchids, cultivated on account of their neat habit and brilliantly colored flowers.

Pseudobulbs small, with 1 or rarely 2 small flat lvs.: fls. from the top of the pseudobulbs, brightly colored; sepals and petals nearly equal, spreading; labellum with a broad middle lobe and small erect side lobes, the base leading into a cavity in the wall of the ovary; column short, the stigmatic surface covering 2 wing-like projections at its summit; pollinia 8.—About 6 species, closely related to Laelia, Cattleya, and the like; Brazil.

These plants, and also sophrocattleyas and sophrolaelias, thrive in the temperature of the cattleya house. In growing season, give a moderate supply of water and plenty of fresh air. Rest them at 50° to 55°, and water sufficiently to keep them from shriveling. Grow them in shallow pots with plenty of drainage, and a thin layer of fine turfy fern-root, using no sphagnum. CH


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

Propagation

Pests and diseases

Species

Many of these species used to belong to the genus Laelia.

  • 1.Sophronitis acuensis Fowlie: Açu Sophronitis (Brazil - Rio de Janeiro).
  • 2.Sophronitis alaorii (Brieger & Bicalho) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: Alaor's Sophronitis (Brazil - Bahia).
  • 3.Sophronitis alagoensis V.P.Castro & Chiron: (Brazil - Alagoas)
  • 4.Sophronitis alvaroana (F.E.L.Miranda) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: (Brazil - Rio de Janeiro).
  • 5.Sophronitis angereri (Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: Angerer's Sophronitis (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
  • 6.Sophronitis bahiensis (Schltr.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: Bahian Sophronitis (Brazil - Bahia).
  • 7.Sophronitis bicolor F.E.L.Miranda: Bicolored Sophronitis (Brazil - Rio de Janeiro).
  • 8.Sophronitis blumenscheinii (Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: Blumenschein's Sophronitis (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
  • 9.Sophronitis bradei (Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: Brade's Sophronitis (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
  • 10.Sophronitis brevicaulis (H.G.Jones) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: Short stemmed Sophronitis (Brazil).
  • 11.Sophronitis brevipedunculata (Cogn.) Fowlie: Short-stalked Sophronitis (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
  • 12.Sophronitis briegeri (Blumensch. ex Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: Brieger's Sophronitis (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
  • 13.Sophronitis britoi (K.G.Lacerda & V.P.Castro) Campacci: Brito's Sophronitis (Brazil - Minas Gerais)
  • 14.Sophronitis caulescens (Lindl.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: Caulescent Sophronitis (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
  • 15.Sophronitis cernua (Lindl.) Hook.: Nodding Sophronitis (Brazil to NE. Argentina). This is the type species[2]
    • 15.1.Sophronitis cernua var. alagoensis (Brazil - Alagoas). Pseudobulb epiphyte
    • 15.2.Sophronitis cernua var. cernua (Brazil to NE. Argentina). Pseudobulb epiphyte
  • 16.Sophronitis cinnabarina (Bateman ex Lindl.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: Cinnabar Sophronitis (Brazil - S. Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro).
  • 17.Sophronitis coccinea (Lindl.)Rchb.f.: Scarlet Sophronitis (Brazil to Argentina - Misiones).
  • 18.Sophronitis colnagoi (Chiron & V.P.Castro) Campacci: Colnago's Sophronitis (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
  • 19.Sophronitis conceicionensis (V.P.Castro & Campacci) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: Sophronitis of Conceição do Mato Dentro (Brazil - Minas Gerais)
  • 20.Sophronitis crispa (Lindl.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: Crisped Sophronitis (SE. Brazil)
  • 21.Sophronitis crispata (Thunb.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: Cliff-dwelling Sophronitis (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
  • 22.Sophronitis dayana (Rchb.f.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: Day's Sophronitis (Brazil - S. Minas Gerais to Rio de Janeiro).
Sophronitis purpurata
  • 23.Sophronitis duveenii (Fowlie) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: Duveen's Sophronitis (Brazil - Minas Gerais: Serra do Cipó).
  • 24.Sophronitis endsfeldzii (Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: Endsfeldz's Sophronitis (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
  • 25.Sophronitis esalqueana (Blumensch. ex Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: ESALQ's Sophronitis (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
  • 26.Sophronitis fidelensis (Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: São Fidélis Sophronitis (Brazil - Rio de Janeiro).
  • 27.Sophronitis flavasulina (F.E.L.Miranda & K.G.Lacerda) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: Southern Yellow Sophronitis (Brazil - Minas Gerais)
  • 28.Sophronitis fournieri (Cogn.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: Fournier's Sophronitis (Brazil - Minas Gerais)
  • 29.Sophronitis ghillanyi (Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: Ghilany's Sophronitis (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
  • 30.Sophronitis gloedeniana (Hoehne) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: Gloeden's Sophronitis (Brazil - São Paulo).
  • 31.Sophronitis gracilis (Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: Graceful Sophronitis (Brazil - Minas Gerais: Serra do Cipó).
  • 32.Sophronitis grandis (Lindl.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: Grand Sophronitis (Brazil - SE. Bahia to N. Espírito Santo).
  • 33.Sophronitis harpophylla (Rchb.f.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: Sickle-leaf Sophronitis (Brazil - Minas Gerais to Espírito Santo).
  • 34.Sophronitis hispidula (Pabst & A.F.Mello) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: Finely Bristled Sophronitis (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
  • 35.Sophronitis itambana (Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: Itambé Sophronitis (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
  • 36.Sophronitis jongheana (Rchb.f.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: Jonghe's Sophronitis (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
  • 37.Sophronitis kautskyana (V.P.Castro & Chiron) Baptista: Kaustsky's Sophronitis (Brazil - Espírito Santo).
  • 38.Sophronitis kautskyi (Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: Kautsky's Sophronitis (SE. Brazil)
  • 39.Sophronitis kettieana (Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: Kettie's Sophronitis (Brazil - Minas Gerais)
  • 40.Sophronitis liliputana (Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: Dwarf Sophronitis (Brazil - Minas Gerais: Serra do Ouro Branco).
  • 41.Sophronitis lobata (Lindl) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: Lobed Sophronitis (SE. Brazil.
  • 42.Sophronitis longipes (Rchb.f.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase : Long-column Sophronitis (SE. Brazil - Serra do Cipó).
  • 43.Sophronitis lundii (Rchb.f. & Warm.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase : Lund's Sophronitis (Bolivia to Argentina - Misiones, Salta).
    • 43.1.Sophronitis lundii f. alba (L.C.Menezes) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase
  • 44.Sophronitis mantiqueirae Fowlie: Mantiqueira Sophronitis (SE. Brazil).
  • 45.Sophronitis marcaliana (Campacci & Chiron) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: Marçal's Sophronitis (Brazil - Bahia).
  • 46.Sophronitis milleri (Blumensch. ex Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: Miller's Sophronitis (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
Sophronitis sincorana

Natural hybrids

  • Sophronitis × carassana (S. lucasiana × S. mantiqueira) (Brazil)
  • Sophronitis × cipoensis (S. crispata × S. ghillanyi) (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
  • Sophronitis × espirito-santensis (S. pumila × S. xanthina) (SE. Brazil)
  • Sophronitis x feldmanniana (F.E.L.Miranda & K.G.Lacerda) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase 2005
  • Sophronitis × gerhard-santosii (S. harpophylla × S. kautskyana) (SE. Brazil).
  • Sophronitis × lilacina (S. crispa × S. perrinii) (SE. Brazil).
  • Sophronitis × mucugense (S. bahiensis × S. pfisteri) (Brazil - Bahia).
  • Sophronitis x raganii (F.E.L.Miranda & K.G.Lacerda) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase 2005
  • Sophronitis × wyattiana (S. crispa × S. lobata) (SE. Brazil)
  • Sophronitis × zaslawskii (S. harpophylla × S. praestans) (SE. Brazil)

Doubtful Species

  • Sophronitis pterocarpa Lindl. Wing Fruited Sophronitis (Brazil to Paraguay).
    • The type of S.pterocarpa is from the city of Rio de Janeiro, where only S. cernua occurs. The belief that this species corresponds to the western portion of the range into Paraguay does not match herbarium information.
  • Sophronitis tereticaulis (Hoehne) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: Twisted-stem Sophronitis (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
    • This taxon is a variation of S. mirandae which occurs only within some populations, with no biological grounds for species recognition.

Gallery

  • Laelia cinnabarina 01.jpg

  • Sophronitis mixta

  • Sophronitis longipes

  • Sophronitis perrini

References

  1. ↑ RHS Advisory Panel on Orchid Hybrid Registration (APOHR) Meeting
  2. ↑ Carl Leslie Withner, The Cattleyas and Their Relatives: Schomburgkia, Sophronitis, and Other South American Genera, Timber Press, 1990. p.67

External links


Retrieved from "http://gardenology.mywikis.net/w/index.php?title=Sophronitis&oldid=129194"