Difference between revisions of "Codiaeum"

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Codiaeum (probably from Greek for head, the colored leaves being used for crowning-wreaths, or from the Malayan name). Euphorbiaceae. Croton. Variegated Laurel. Tropical shrubs or trees grown for the variegated and interesting foliage, as greenhouse plants or for summer bedding outdoors.
 
Codiaeum (probably from Greek for head, the colored leaves being used for crowning-wreaths, or from the Malayan name). Euphorbiaceae. Croton. Variegated Laurel. Tropical shrubs or trees grown for the variegated and interesting foliage, as greenhouse plants or for summer bedding outdoors.
 +
 
Leaves alternate, simple, somewhat thick and leathery, pinnately veined, glabrous: juice somewhat milky: fls. monoecious, in slender axillary racemes; staminatc fls. with petals, calyx imbricate, stamens 20-30, erect in the bud; pistillate fls. apetalous, ovary 3-celled, 3-ovuled. — Six species of Malaya and Pacific Isls., not closely related to any other commonly cult. Euphorbiaceae. Differs from the true crotons in the erect stamens, glabrous foliage and more or less milky juice.
 
Leaves alternate, simple, somewhat thick and leathery, pinnately veined, glabrous: juice somewhat milky: fls. monoecious, in slender axillary racemes; staminatc fls. with petals, calyx imbricate, stamens 20-30, erect in the bud; pistillate fls. apetalous, ovary 3-celled, 3-ovuled. — Six species of Malaya and Pacific Isls., not closely related to any other commonly cult. Euphorbiaceae. Differs from the true crotons in the erect stamens, glabrous foliage and more or less milky juice.
 +
 
The almost endless variety of codieums (or crotons of gardens) are probably all from one botanical species, greatly varied by selection and crossing. Although a great many of these bear Latin binomials they inter- grade so that it is often difficult to separate them or to make a reliable classification; however, they may be grouped conveniently as below. Totally different leaf forms and color variations often appear on the same plant. The latest botanical treatment is by Pax in Das Pflanzenreich, hft. 47, and is followed in this article.
 
The almost endless variety of codieums (or crotons of gardens) are probably all from one botanical species, greatly varied by selection and crossing. Although a great many of these bear Latin binomials they inter- grade so that it is often difficult to separate them or to make a reliable classification; however, they may be grouped conveniently as below. Totally different leaf forms and color variations often appear on the same plant. The latest botanical treatment is by Pax in Das Pflanzenreich, hft. 47, and is followed in this article.
 +
 
The crotons are prized chiefly for the varied and brilliant markings of the leaves. The young leaves are usually green and yellow, changing later to red, although in some the markings remain yellow or with red only in the petiole. They are usually kept not over 2 to 3 feet high, but if given opportunity will grow into considerable trees in the greenhouse. They are good subjects for massing in the open and develop most brilliant colors in our bright hot summers; however, they will not stand frost.
 
The crotons are prized chiefly for the varied and brilliant markings of the leaves. The young leaves are usually green and yellow, changing later to red, although in some the markings remain yellow or with red only in the petiole. They are usually kept not over 2 to 3 feet high, but if given opportunity will grow into considerable trees in the greenhouse. They are good subjects for massing in the open and develop most brilliant colors in our bright hot summers; however, they will not stand frost.
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Codieums (or crotons, as they are popularly known in America) are beautiful plants with many forms of handsome and odd foliage of the most brilliant coloring. The colors range from almost pure white to light and deep yellow, orange, pink, red and crimson, in the most charming combinations. In some cases one color predominates, as in Carrierei (yellow), Czar Alexander III. (crimson), Hawkeri (light yellow). These varieties of distinct coloring make beautiful specimen plants for jardinières; and their beauty is enhanced when used in jardinieres of appropriate color. As exhibition plants they are very effective, and may be grown to specimens 5 or 6 feet high, or even larger. In smaller sizes, codieums are much used as table plants, for which purpose well-colored tops are rooted and grown on until they are from 12 to 15 inches high. The narrow- leaved varieties are most used for this purpose. Codieums are very attractive in vases and window-boxes and for mantel and table decorations. They are also very valuable as bedding plants. Planted in clumps or masses, the effect of the combination of rich colors is charming. They should be planted in any good, rich, not too heavy  soil, and regularly syringed to keep down red spider. They color best when fully exposed to the sun, and should not be planted out until about the 10th of June in the neighborhood of New York and Philadelphia. If something is needed to make the beds look attractive early in the season, it is a good plan to plant pansies in April, to remain until it is time to plant the codieums. Some of the tender varieties, such as Reedii, albicans, and a few others, are inclined to burn in the extremely hot weather, but nearly all the sorts do well bedded out. Among the very best for this purpose are Queen Victoria, Dayspring, Baron Rothschild, Andreanum, Lady Zetland, Carrierei, Barryi, Hawkeri, fasciatum, anietumense. — The house culture of codieums is very simple. It is necessary that a night temperature be maintained of 70° to 75°, and that the air be kept moist by frequent syringings. Cuttings of half-ripened wood may be easily rooted at any time from October until June, a bottom heat of 80° being just what they need. When very fine specimens are desired, root strong and shapely tops by making an incision in the stem and tying moss around the wounded part; it will be rooted ready to pot in about three weeks. By this method all the foliage may be retained, and a perfect plant will result. The more light the plant receives, the better will be the color; but with some kinds of glass it is necessary to shade lightly to prevent burning of the leaves. They may be grown finely in a house glazed with ground glass, which admits the light and does not require shading. It is well to syringe two or three times a week with tobacco water, to kill mealy bug and red spider. Little's Antipest, or any emulsion of coal-oil, is a good insecticide for codieums. New varieties from seed, the result of crossing existing sorts, are continually being raised. Seed ripens freely under glass in North America, and there is no doubt that the list of about eighty choice varieties now in cultivation will be largely added to in the near future. (Robert Craig.)
+
Codieums (or crotons, as they are popularly known in America) are beautiful plants with many forms of handsome and odd foliage of the most brilliant coloring. The colors range from almost pure white to light and deep yellow, orange, pink, red and crimson, in the most charming combinations. In some cases one color predominates, as in Carrierei (yellow), Czar Alexander III. (crimson), Hawkeri (light yellow). These varieties of distinct coloring make beautiful specimen plants for jardinières; and their beauty is enhanced when used in jardinieres of appropriate color. As exhibition plants they are very effective, and may be grown to specimens 5 or 6 feet high, or even larger. In smaller sizes, codieums are much used as table plants, for which purpose well-colored tops are rooted and grown on until they are from 12 to 15 inches high. The narrow- leaved varieties are most used for this purpose. Codieums are very attractive in vases and window-boxes and for mantel and table decorations. They are also very valuable as bedding plants. Planted in clumps or masses, the effect of the combination of rich colors is charming. They should be planted in any good, rich, not too heavy  soil, and regularly syringed to keep down red spider. They color best when fully exposed to the sun, and should not be planted out until about the 10th of June in the neighborhood of New York and Philadelphia. If something is needed to make the beds look attractive early in the season, it is a good plan to plant pansies in April, to remain until it is time to plant the codieums. Some of the tender varieties, such as Reedii, albicans, and a few others, are inclined to burn in the extremely hot weather, but nearly all the sorts do well bedded out. Among the very best for this purpose are Queen Victoria, Dayspring, Baron Rothschild, Andreanum, Lady Zetland, Carrierei, Barryi, Hawkeri, fasciatum, anietumense. — The house culture of codieums is very simple. It is necessary that a night temperature be maintained of 70° to 75°, and that the air be kept moist by frequent syringings. Cuttings of half-ripened wood may be easily rooted at any time from October until June, a bottom heat of 80° being just what they need. When very fine specimens are desired, root strong and shapely tops by making an incision in the stem and tying moss around the wounded part; it will be rooted ready to pot in about three weeks. By this method all the foliage may be retained, and a perfect plant will result. The more light the plant receives, the better will be the color; but with some kinds of glass it is necessary to shade lightly to prevent burning of the leaves. They may be grown finely in a house glazed with ground glass, which admits the light and does not require shading. It is well to syringe two or three times a week with tobacco water, to kill mealy bug and red spider. Little's Antipest, or any emulsion of coal-oil, is a good insecticide for codieums. New varieties from seed, the result of crossing existing sorts, are continually being raised. Seed ripens freely under glass in North America, and there is no doubt that the list of about eighty choice varieties now in cultivation will be largely added to in the near future.
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==Species==
 
==Species==
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Hort. vars.: aureo-maculatum, aureo-marmoratum, Baron Frank Seilliere, Barryi, Bergmanii, Bruce Findlay. Carrierei, Delight, Exquisite, fasciatum, fucatum, Golden Queen, grande, Hawkeri, Henryanum, Hookeri, invictum, Jamesii, lacteum, magnolifolium, maximum, medium variegatum, Orvilla, ovalifolium, Princess Waldeck, superbiens, tournfordensis, Truffautii.
 +
 
 +
Hort. vars.: Andreanum, acubaefolium, Austinianum, Baronne James de Rothschild (Fig. 1016), B. Compte, Beauty, Dayspring, Dormannianum. Hilleanum, Le Tzar, Magnificent, Marquis de Guadiaro, Me. Lucien Linden, Mortii, Mrs. Iceton, Nestor, Newmannii, Pennincki; pictum, Pilgrimii, Prince Henry, recurvifolium, Reidii, Reginae, roseo-pictum, Stewartii, Williamsii.
 +
Hort. vars.: Compte de Germiny, d'Haenei, Dr. Friedenthal, Hendersonii, Kreutzeanum, Makoyanum, marmoratum, Prince Royal, Sanderi, Seemannii, Sinai, Stroemeri, verum, Watsonii.
 +
 
 +
Hort. vars.: albo - lineatum, angustissimum, anietumense, bellulum, Burtonii, concinnum, Countess, Crown Prince, Davisii, Duvalii, eburneum, elongatum, eminens, Goednoughtii, irregulare, latimaculatum, maculatum, Monarch, Mooreanum, Mrs. Swan, volutum, Weismanii, Wilsonii.
 +
Hort. vars.: albicans, amabile, Broomfieldii, Challengerii, Chantrieri, chrysophyllum, Cooperi. Drouetii, Duvivieri, Flamingo, Hanburyanum, imperiale, inimitabile, insigne, Jubilee, Lady Zetland, lancifolium, Macfarlanei, magnificum, Massangeanum, multicolor, musaicum, Nevilliae, princeps, Queen Victoria, recurvatum, Sunshine, triumphans, triumphans Harwoodianum, Vervaetii, Victory, Veitchii, Youngii.
 +
 
 +
Hort. vars.: Boucheanum, Eckhautei, Eclipse, Excellenz, Flambeau, Gaerdtii, Grusonii, Imperator, Leopoldii, Margarete Daniel, marginatum, neriifolium, Oberstleutnant Brode, Ohlendorffii, Pres. Chereau, Said Pascha, Spindlerianum, splendidum, undulatum.
 +
Hort. vars.: aigburthiense, aureo-punctatum, Dodgsonae (in part), elegantissimum, Elvira, gloriosum, Hermon, Johannis, Phillipsii, superbum, Van Oosterzeei.
 +
Hort. vars.: Bragaeanum, elegans, majesticum, Mrs. Dorman, nobile, Princess of Wales, Rodeckianum, ruberrimum, sceptre.
 +
 
 +
Hort. vars.: Donai, Fascination, Grayii, Klissingii, lineare, pendulinum.
 +
Hort.vars.: caudatum tortile, Chelsonii, Cronstadii, Elysian, Eyrei, Katharina, Madam Seilliere, Rex, spirale (in part) (Fig. 1019), Warrenii.
 +
Hort. vars.: Bismarckii, irregulare, lyratum, montifontainense, multicolor, Princess Matilda, Russelii, Thomsonii.
 +
 
 +
Hort. vars.: Craigii, Disraeli, Evansianum, Fred Sander, Goldiei, hastiferum, illustre, Lord Derby, maculatum Katonii, trilobum.
 +
 
 +
Hort. vars.: appendiculatum, chrysophyllum (in part), cornutum, excurrens, Mrs. McLeod, paradoxum, Prince of Wales, spirale (Fig. 1019).
 +
 
 +
Hort. vars.: Dodgspnae, interruptum (Fig. 1018), elegans, irregulare, Laingii, Mrs. McLeod (in part), multiforme, mutabile, picturatum, Rodeckianum (in part), Sinitzianum.
 +
The following varieties are in the American trade or frequently cultivated in this country. A great many variations in spelling of names occur, chiefly due to different terminations to agree with either Croton or Codiaeum. Such slightly different forms of names have been omitted. The brief descriptive phrases do not include the more important characters given in the above classification. When yellow and red are both mentioned, the foliage is generally at first yellow-marked and later the yellow changing to red with ground-color green or dark red-green. The measurements are approximate, and of course, more or less unreliable and; show respectively width and length of leaves in inches. It is intended here to account for the Latin- form names, that might be confused with tenable species-names; but practically all the prevailing vernacular names have been inserted.
 +
 
 +
Aigberth Gem (= following?).
 +
 
 +
Aigburthiense. Yellow midrib and spots, ⅓ x 11. A.F. 16:255 Gng. 9:19.
 +
 
 +
Albicans. White variegated, crimson beneath, 3x18.
 +
 
 +
Albo-lineatum. Yellow center changing to white, 1x12. A.F 16:255. Gng. 9:19.
 +
 
 +
Amabile ("often called variabile") Lvs. often distorted and curved to one side, variegated with
 +
yellow and two distinct shades of green and red, 1 ½ X 11.
 +
 
 +
Andreanum. Yellow to red veins. 2 ½ X 9. I.H. 22:201. A.F 23:241. Gng. 13:81. R.H. 1876. p. 234.
 +
 
 +
Angustissimum (Angustifolium). Yellow margin and ribs, ¼ x 15. G.C. 1871:612.
 +
 
 +
Anietumense. Yellow midrib and cross veins. 1x11.
 +
 
 +
Aucubaefolium. Yellow, red-blotched. 2 ½ X 8. I.H. 19, p. 327.
 +
 
 +
Aureo-maculatum. Yellow-spotted, 1½ x3½.
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 +
Aureum. Yellow-marked.
 +
 
 +
Baron Adolph Seilliere. Lvs. large, veins pale yellow, soon white.
 +
 
 +
Baronne James de Rothschild (Baron Rothschild, etc., Baron A. de Rothschild (?) ). Fig. 1016.
 +
Yellow, red veins, etc., 2½x7. A.F. 23:242. R.H. 1879:450; 1898:180. F.E. 18:379. I.H. 26:365.
 +
 
 +
Barryi. Yellow, changing to white, midrib, veins and dots, 2x7.
 +
 
 +
B. Compte. Large, yellow, red blotches, 2 ½ X 7.
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 +
Beauty. Yellow to pink center, margin and mottling, ovate, 2x6.
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 +
Bergmanii. Cream-yellow with green blotches. I.H. 27:389.
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 +
Broomfieldii. Various yellow marks, midrib red-tinted, 2 X 10.
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 +
Burtonii. Yellow mottled, lanceolate, 3 X 15.
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 +
Carrierei. Margin, midrib, dots and some veins yellow, oblong, 1½x11. I.H. 27, p. 90, desc.
 +
 
 +
Caudatum tortile. Yellow variegated with some red, long, narrow, spiral lvs. R.B. 35:240. Gn. 11, p. 83. Gt. 33:9.
 +
 
 +
Challenger (Challengerii?, Imperator?). Midribs creamy white changing to red.
 +
 
 +
Chelsonii. Yellow, red midrib and mottling ⅓ X l0. A.F. 16:255. Gng. 9:19.
 +
 
 +
Chrysophyllum (perhaps two vars. under this name). Irregular, large, yellow, red blotch, 2 X 12.
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Comptede Germiny. Lvs. broad.
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 +
Cooperi. Yellow, red center and spots, ¾ X 10. Gn. 10, p. 139.
 +
 
 +
Cornutum. Yellow midrib and dots, often wavy, spiral or even lobed, ¾ X 4. I.H. 19, p. 188.
 +
 
 +
Countess (Countess Superba?) Yellow spotted, tapering, ⅔ X 14.
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 +
Cronstadii. Yellow variegated, tapering, spiral, ⅔ in. wide. A.F. 16:255: 23:275. Gt. 31:309.
 +
 
 +
Crown Prince. Yellow veins, 2 X 16.
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 +
Czar Alexander III. See Le Tzar.
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 +
Davisii. White midrib and variegation, ¾ X 12.
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 +
Dayspring. Yellow, red-mottled, margin green, ovate, 1½ X 8.
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 +
Delight. Yellow changing to white, with green margin, lanceolate, 2 x 8.
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 +
Disraeli. Fig. 1017. Variously lobed, yellow, red veins and spots, 3 x 12. Gn. 10, p. 141. F.M.
 +
1876:207.
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 +
Dodgsonae. Yellow midrib, margin and spots, often spiral, excurrent midrib often foliacious, ⅔ X 12.
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 +
Dormannianum. Lvs. small, bronze-red and yellow.
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 +
Earl of Derby. See Lord Derby.
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 +
Earlscourt.
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 +
Edmontonense. Lvs. narrow, brilliantly colored.
 +
 
 +
Elegans (Parvifolium, see Interruptum). Yellow, red midrib .and margin, ½ X 6.
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 +
Elegantissimum. Yellow center and dots, petiole red, rarely with apical seta, ½ X 14. I.H. 29:469.
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 +
Elvira. Yellow center and variegation, sometimes with apical seta and twisted. ⅓ X 10.
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 +
Elysian. Yellow midrib and dots, ⅔ X 14, twisted.
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 +
Evansianum. Yellow, red-veined and mottled, 3-lobed. Gn. W. 4:409.
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 +
Excelsior.
 +
 
 +
Excurrens. Greenish yellow variegated, oblong, midrib projecting.
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 +
Euterpe.
 +
 
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Fasciatum. Yellow veins, broad ovate. A.F. 23:241.
 +
 
 +
Flambeau. Medium width, lanceolate.
 +
 
 +
Flamingo, Irregular yellow central stripe, 1 ½ X8.
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Gloriosum (Prince of Wales). Lvs. long-narrow, variously yellow-marked, sometimes spiral and
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appendaged. Gng. 9:19. Gn. 14, p. 543. A.F. 16, p. 255.
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 +
Golden Ring.
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 +
Goldiei. Yellow veins, 3-lobed, 3 X10.
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 +
Grande. Yellow veins and spots.
 +
 
 +
Grayii. Resembling Majesticum.
 +
 
 +
Hanburyanum. Yellow, rose marks and blotches, 2½ X15. Gng. 7:324.
 +
 
 +
Harwoodianum (Triumphanas Harwoodianum). Yellow, crimson midrib.
 +
 
 +
Hawkerii. Light yellow, green margins and tips, broad-lanceolate, 6 in. long. J.H. III. 01:129. G.Z. 23, p. 265.
 +
 
 +
Henryanum. Yellow-mottled, ovate, 3x9.
 +
 
 +
Herman. Yellow midrib and spots, ⅓ X 10.
 +
 
 +
Hilleanum. Purplish green, crimson marks, oblong or spatulate, 3 x 9. I.H. 19, p 326.
 +
 
 +
Hookerianum (Hookeri). Irregular yellow center and blotches, broad lance-ovate. G.C. 1871:1067. Gn.
 +
3, p. 45. I.H.19, p. 40. G. 7:137. F. 1871, p. 199.
 +
 
 +
Illustre. Yellow markings, 3-lobed, midrib excurrent. G.Z. 28:2.
 +
 
 +
Imperator. See Challenger.
 +
 
 +
Inimitabilis. Yellow, red midrib and veins all dark red, 1 x 6.
 +
 
 +
Insigne. Yellow midrib and veins, margin red, narrow-oblong.
 +
 
 +
Interruptum. Fig. 1018. Yellow, red midrib, ¾ X 12. Sometimes distorted or spiral, midrib excurrent.
 +
I.H. 19, p.170. F. 1872. p. 209 A.F. 16:1510. Journ. Bot. 19:220.
 +
 
 +
Invicta. Lemon-color, brood lf.
 +
 
 +
Irregulare. Lf. form irregular, often contracted below middle, midrib and spots yellow. I.H. 19, p. 135.
 +
 
 +
Jamesii. Irregular yellow blotch changing to white, 3 X 10.
 +
 
 +
Johannis (Taeniosum). Center and margin yellow: lvs, long, narrow. F. 1872, p. 161. Gng. 9:19. I.H. 19, p. 169. F.S. 19, p. 12. Gt. 34:24. A.F. 13:1070.
 +
 
 +
Katonii (Maculatum Katonii). Lvs. partly trilobed, yellow- spotted. F. 1879. p. 27.
 +
 
 +
Lady Zetland. Yellow, red margin, midrib and veins, ¾ X 11.
 +
 
 +
Laingii. Lf. base yellow, remainder green to dark red, spiral, midrib excurrent or appendaged.
 +
 
 +
Le Tzar. Lf. broad, veins and most of lf. yellow, red. I. H. 35:70.
 +
 
 +
Lord Derby (Earl of Derby?). Trilobed, base and center yellow, red, ½-4 X 8.
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 +
MacFarlanei. Yellow, red-blotched, 1 X 12.
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Maculatum Katonii. See Katonii.
 +
 
 +
Madam Seilliere. Lvs. lanceolate, spirally twisted, variegated. A.F. 13:1068.
 +
 
 +
Magnolifolium. A few yellow spots and veins, 3x6.
 +
 
 +
Majesticum. Yellow, red margin, midrib and mottling, linear, 15 in. long. G.Z. 18, p. 97. G. 2:163.
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F. 1876, p. 53. F.M. 1874:103.
 +
 
 +
Makoyanum. Broad lvs. chocolate and carmine marking.
 +
 
 +
Marquis de Castellane.
 +
 
 +
Maximum. Border and veins yellow or yellow with green blotches, 12 in. long. I.H. 14, p. 534; 19, p. 168. B.H. 19:65.
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 +
Memphis.
 +
 
 +
Montefontainense (Montfortiense?). Somewhat 3-lobed, veins yellow, red, 1½ x 6.
 +
 
 +
Mortii. Midrib and veins yellow, light red, 3 X10.
 +
 
 +
Mrs. Chas. Heine.
 +
 
 +
Mrs. Craige Lippincott. Lvs. lance-ovate, veins colored. A.F. 23:274. Gng. 13:98.
 +
 
 +
Mrs. Dorman. Midrib scarlet, margins green, linear, ½ x 12. A.F. 16:255. Gng. 9:19.
 +
 
 +
Mrs.H. F. Watson. Lvs. large, variously marked with yellow and red.
 +
 
 +
Mrs. Iceton. Very dark red with rose mottling, 2 X 4½.
 +
 
 +
Mrs. McLeod. Constricted in middle, midrib yellow, red, projecting, ½ X 10.
 +
 
 +
Mrs. Swan. Central yellow stripe and blotch, petioles red, 1 X12.
 +
 
 +
Multicolor. Like Irregulare but with red coloration developed. I.H. 19, p. 120. F. 1872, p. 89.
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 +
Musaicum. Yellow, red-veined and mottled, or with green blotches on colored ground, 1½ x 8. R.H. 1882:240.
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 +
Nestor. Serrated central yellow, red blotch and spots, 2½ x12.
 +
 
 +
Nevilliae. Green-red mottling on yellow.
 +
 
 +
Newmannii. Lvs. short, broad, dark crimson.
 +
 
 +
Nobile. Lvs. linear, yellow, red variegated. A.F. 16:255. Gng. 9:19. F. 1878, p. 133.
 +
 
 +
Orvilla. Green mottling on yellow, 1 X 4½.
 +
 
 +
Ovalifolium. Yellow variegated. Gt. 24, p. 221. F. 1875:8.
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 +
Pictum. Lvs. broad oblong-acuminate, less than 10 inches long, blotches of green and blackish on
 +
red. B.M. 3051.
 +
 
 +
Picturatum. Similar to Interruptum. Gt. 25:375.
 +
 
 +
Pilgrimii. Yellow-blotched, overspread with pink, 3x9.
 +
 
 +
Princeps (mutabile). Yellow, red midrib and margins, lvs. narrow, variable in form, sometimes appendaged. F. 1879, p. 69. Gn. 13:621, desc.
 +
 
 +
Princess Matilda, Lvs. subtrilobed, yellow, red blotch, base nearly white, petioles red.
 +
 
 +
Princess of Wales. Yellow midrib and mottling, changing to white, with pink reverse, linear, ½ X 12. Gng. 3:84. A.F. 23:275.
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Punctatum.
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Queen Victoria. Yellow, red veins and mottling, 1½ X 10. A.F. 23:241.
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Recurvifolium. Lvs. acuminate, recurved at the tip, yellow, red veins and blotches.
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Reginae. Lvs. short and broad, yellow, crimson and brown colored. F. 1879, p. 59.
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Reidii. Yellow, red variegation and veins, rose tints, 4 x 8. A.F. 23:242.
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Rodeckianum. Variously mottled and marked with yellow and red, ¾ X 12, sometimes twisted and
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appendaged.
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Roseo-pictum. Yellow, red, with green blotches between veins. I.H. 26:364:43, p. 159.
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Ruberrimum. Crimson marked with creamy white, linear.
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Rubro-lineatum. Yellow, with crimson tints, oblong-lanceolate, "1 in. to 1 ¼ in. long."
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Rubro-striatum.
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Sceptre. Lvs. linear, yellow spots, red midrib.
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Sinitzianum. Yellow spots changing to white, projecting midrib appendaged, ½ X10. Gt. 30:278. G.Z. 26:145. J.H. III. 48:435.
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Sollerii.
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Spirale. Fig. 1019. Midrib yellow, red or green, lvs. spiral, midrib excurrent, ⅔ X 10. V. 9, p. 203. F. 1874, p. 211. F.M. 1874:126. A.F. 23:242. Gt. 24:26.
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Splendens. "Lvs. broad, yellow and dull red on green."
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Stewartii. Yellow veins and margin, midrib and petiole red.
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Sunshine (Sunbeam?). Yellow, red veins and mottling, 2 x 9.
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Superbissimum.
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Superbum. Lvs. linear, drooping, green and yellow mottled. A.F. 16:255; 23 p. 275; 21:674. Gng. 12:471; 9:19.
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Thomsonii. Irregular central yellow area or all yellow, subtri lobed. 2x6.
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Tortilis. See Caudatum tortile.
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Tricolor. Lvs. oblong spatulate, margin sinuous, center yellow, lower surface reddish.
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Triumphans. Lvs. oblong, green and red.
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Undulatum. Lvs. long and broad, undulate, veins red to purple. I.H. 19, p. 265. F. 1870, p. 207. G. 9:106. Gn. 3, p. 118.
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Veitchii. Yellow, red midrib and wide veins, some mottling, 1½ XIO. Gn. 17, p. 565. F. 1870, [p. 206. I.H. 19, p. 134. R.H. 1867, p. 190. V. 9, p. 203.
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Victory. Yellow, red midrib and blotches, 2½ X12.
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Volutum. Yellow midrib and veins, 1x6, with long tip rolled backward. Gt. 24:61. V. 9, p. 202. F. 1874, p. 138. G.Z. 20, p. 33. F.M. 1875:154.
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Warrenii. Yellow, red variegated, 1x20 spiral. P.F.G. 1882: 111. G. 11:123; 13:705. A.F. 16:255. G.W. 12:62. Gn.W. 6:457. Gn. 36, p. 337.
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Weismanii. Yellow midrib and veins, petiole red, margin undulate, 1x10. I.H. 20, p. 80. F.S. 19, p. 14. F. 1873:55. Gt. 22, p. 149.
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Williamsii. Yellow, red and pink variegated, ovate-oblong, 3X12.
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Wilsonii. Green overspread with yellow, linear lanceolate, 1X18.
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Youngii. Irregular yellow, red blotches, 1 x!5. Gn. 4, p. 129.
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Others not in American trade: appendiculatum. Horned, green. G.Z. 21:241. iF. 1879, p. 67. R.H. 1877, p. 88. F.W. 1877, p. 136.— aureo-lineatum. Yellow margins and veins.—Baron Frank Seilliere. Yellow to white veins on reddish green. I.H. 27, p. 72, desc. Gn. 21, p. 289,—bellulum. Yellow, green margins. I.H. 22:210.—Bragaeanum. Yellow and green, red midrib, linear, 18 in. long.— Chantrieri. Linear, yellow red spots. I.H. 27, p. 73, desc.—contortum. Lvs. ovate, tips recurved, veins and margins yellow.—Craigii, 3-lobed. Gng. 13:97. A.F. 23:238.—Crasus. Oblanceolate, yellow blotched.—Drouetii. Linear, border and veins yellow, red. I.H. 27, p. 73, desc.—Duvalii. Lvs. lance - linear, veins light yellow. I.H. 27, p. 73, desc.—Duvivieri. Short-oblong, chiefly red. —eburneum. Central irregular, white band.—dongatum. Narrow lanceolate, yellow veins, margins, and spots. I.H. 24:299.— eminens. Lanceolate, midrib and pair of veins white.—Exquisite, Broad-ovate, margins and variegation yellow.—Eyrei. Recurved and spiral, yellow variegated, petiole red.—Fascination. Long linear. A.F. 23:243. Gng. 13:119.—formosum. Yellow, redapotted.— fucatum. Obovate, yellow blotched, petiole red.— Goedenoughtii. Yellow variegated. —Golden Queen. Yellow midrib and few veins and dots, petiole red, 2½ x 9.—hastiferum. Two acute lobes at broad base, yellow veins and blotches. I.H. 22:216. heroicum. Yellow, red.—-imperials. Oblong, yellow, red margins and veins, horned. F. 1876, p. 209.—interruptum elegans. I.H. 27, p. 90, desc, R.H. 1880:170.—Jubilee. Center, veins and margins, yellow, red, 2 x 13.—Junius, Long, narrow, yellow and red-colored. —Katharina. Spiral, red variegated, 2x10.—lacteum, Oblanceolate, margin sinuous, midrib and veins yellow. F.S. 19, p. 8.— lancifolium. Lanceolate, yellow- and red-marked, 1 ½X 15.— latimaculatum. Lanceolate, yellow-marked, petiole red. I.H 27, p. 73, desc.—limbatum. Yellow margins and spots.—Lord Belhaven. Lanceolate, Gng. 7:323. F.E. 18:379.—lyratum. Slightly 3-lobed, yellow veins. I.H. 24:293.—maculatum. Lanceolate, 12 in. long, yellow-spotted.—magnificum. Yellow, red irregular central mark. I.H. 29:447.—Magnificent. Central part yellow, red, 2½ x 7.— Marquis de Guadiaro. Irregular yellow, red center. I.H. 37:96.— Massangeanum. Lanceolate, 10 in. long, yellow, red, with green blotches. I.H. 26:347. S.H. 1:124.—medium variegatum. Ovate, margins and veins yellow.—Me. Lucien Linden. Yellow, red-variegated. I.H. 38:140.—Monarch. Lanceolate, 2½ X 12, yellow spots.—Mooreanum. Oblanceolate, yellow edge and veins. G.Z. 22:25.—ornatum. Yellow, red center, veins and blotches.— paradoxum. Horned, yellow variegated. F. 1879, p. 68.—Pennincki. Obovate, red with green marks. U.B. 33:304.—Phillipsii. Lancelinear, base and center yellow, ¾ x 9.—Prince Henry. Tip recurved, variously red- and yellow-marked.—Princess Waldeck. Ovate, 4 in, long, yellow center.-recurvatum. Tip recurved, yellow along the red midrib.—Rex. Spiral, yellow, red mottled, ⅔ X 10.— Russellii. Constricted in the middle, yellow, red spots and veins. J.H. III. 27, p. 493.—Sanderi. Ovate, large, irregular nitches. G. 22:197.—splendidum. Lvs. broad, lanceolate, yellow, red.— superbiens. Oblong, yellow, red-variegated. Gng. 13:84.-—Torquetum.—Torrigianum. Yellow, red veins, ribs and margins.— tournfordense. Ovate, wide yellow center and base. Gn. 65, p. 42. —trilobum. Lobed. yellow blotched. R.H. 1877,p.89. F. 1877, p. 56. G.Z. 21:97.—Truffautii. Yellow to white veins, lvs. broad.— Van Oosterzeei. Lance-linear, yellow-spotted. I.H. 30:502.— Vervaetii. Yellow, red midrib and spots, lanceolate. I.H. 23:253.— vittatum. Irregular yellow center, petiole red.—Wigmannii. Yellow blotches. ½ x 9. J.B.S. Norton.
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==Gallery==
 
==Gallery==

Latest revision as of 22:13, 31 July 2009


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Plant Characteristics
Origin: ✈ ?
Cultivation
Exposure: ☼ ?"?" is not in the list (sun, part-sun, shade, unknown) of allowed values for the "Exposure" property.
Water: ◍ ?"?" is not in the list (wet, moist, moderate, dry, less when dormant) of allowed values for the "Water" property.
Scientific Names

Codiaeum >



Read about Codiaeum in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Codiaeum (probably from Greek for head, the colored leaves being used for crowning-wreaths, or from the Malayan name). Euphorbiaceae. Croton. Variegated Laurel. Tropical shrubs or trees grown for the variegated and interesting foliage, as greenhouse plants or for summer bedding outdoors.

Leaves alternate, simple, somewhat thick and leathery, pinnately veined, glabrous: juice somewhat milky: fls. monoecious, in slender axillary racemes; staminatc fls. with petals, calyx imbricate, stamens 20-30, erect in the bud; pistillate fls. apetalous, ovary 3-celled, 3-ovuled. — Six species of Malaya and Pacific Isls., not closely related to any other commonly cult. Euphorbiaceae. Differs from the true crotons in the erect stamens, glabrous foliage and more or less milky juice.

The almost endless variety of codieums (or crotons of gardens) are probably all from one botanical species, greatly varied by selection and crossing. Although a great many of these bear Latin binomials they inter- grade so that it is often difficult to separate them or to make a reliable classification; however, they may be grouped conveniently as below. Totally different leaf forms and color variations often appear on the same plant. The latest botanical treatment is by Pax in Das Pflanzenreich, hft. 47, and is followed in this article.

The crotons are prized chiefly for the varied and brilliant markings of the leaves. The young leaves are usually green and yellow, changing later to red, although in some the markings remain yellow or with red only in the petiole. They are usually kept not over 2 to 3 feet high, but if given opportunity will grow into considerable trees in the greenhouse. They are good subjects for massing in the open and develop most brilliant colors in our bright hot summers; however, they will not stand frost. Codieums (or crotons, as they are popularly known in America) are beautiful plants with many forms of handsome and odd foliage of the most brilliant coloring. The colors range from almost pure white to light and deep yellow, orange, pink, red and crimson, in the most charming combinations. In some cases one color predominates, as in Carrierei (yellow), Czar Alexander III. (crimson), Hawkeri (light yellow). These varieties of distinct coloring make beautiful specimen plants for jardinières; and their beauty is enhanced when used in jardinieres of appropriate color. As exhibition plants they are very effective, and may be grown to specimens 5 or 6 feet high, or even larger. In smaller sizes, codieums are much used as table plants, for which purpose well-colored tops are rooted and grown on until they are from 12 to 15 inches high. The narrow- leaved varieties are most used for this purpose. Codieums are very attractive in vases and window-boxes and for mantel and table decorations. They are also very valuable as bedding plants. Planted in clumps or masses, the effect of the combination of rich colors is charming. They should be planted in any good, rich, not too heavy soil, and regularly syringed to keep down red spider. They color best when fully exposed to the sun, and should not be planted out until about the 10th of June in the neighborhood of New York and Philadelphia. If something is needed to make the beds look attractive early in the season, it is a good plan to plant pansies in April, to remain until it is time to plant the codieums. Some of the tender varieties, such as Reedii, albicans, and a few others, are inclined to burn in the extremely hot weather, but nearly all the sorts do well bedded out. Among the very best for this purpose are Queen Victoria, Dayspring, Baron Rothschild, Andreanum, Lady Zetland, Carrierei, Barryi, Hawkeri, fasciatum, anietumense. — The house culture of codieums is very simple. It is necessary that a night temperature be maintained of 70° to 75°, and that the air be kept moist by frequent syringings. Cuttings of half-ripened wood may be easily rooted at any time from October until June, a bottom heat of 80° being just what they need. When very fine specimens are desired, root strong and shapely tops by making an incision in the stem and tying moss around the wounded part; it will be rooted ready to pot in about three weeks. By this method all the foliage may be retained, and a perfect plant will result. The more light the plant receives, the better will be the color; but with some kinds of glass it is necessary to shade lightly to prevent burning of the leaves. They may be grown finely in a house glazed with ground glass, which admits the light and does not require shading. It is well to syringe two or three times a week with tobacco water, to kill mealy bug and red spider. Little's Antipest, or any emulsion of coal-oil, is a good insecticide for codieums. New varieties from seed, the result of crossing existing sorts, are continually being raised. Seed ripens freely under glass in North America, and there is no doubt that the list of about eighty choice varieties now in cultivation will be largely added to in the near future. CH


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Species


Read about Codiaeum in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

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The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Gallery

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References

External links


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