Difference between revisions of "Ash tree"

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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
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{{SPlantbox
| name = ''Fraxinus''
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|familia=Oleaceae
| common_names = Ash, Ash tree
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|genus=Fraxinus
| growth_habit = ?  <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc -->
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|common_name=Ash tree
| high = ?  <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
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|habit=tree
| wide =     <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
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|Temp Metric=°F
| origin = ?  <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
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|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
| poisonous =    <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
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|image=Fraxinus ornus JPG1b.jpg
| lifespan =    <!--- perennial, annual, etc -->
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|image_width=200
| exposure = ?  <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
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|image_caption=Fraxinus ornus
| water = ?  <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
 
| features =    <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
 
| hardiness =    <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
 
| bloom =    <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
 
| usda_zones = ?  <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
 
| sunset_zones =    <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
 
| color = IndianRed
 
| image = Fraxinus excelsior.jpg
 
| image_width = 240px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
 
| image_caption = European Ash (''Fraxinus excelsior'')
 
| regnum = Plantae
 
| divisio = Magnoliophyta
 
| classis = Magnoliopsida
 
| ordo = Lamiales
 
| familia = Oleaceae
 
| genus = Fraxinus
 
 
}}
 
}}
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'''''Fraxinus''''' ({{pron-en|ˈfræksɨnəs}})<ref>''Sunset Western Garden Book,'' 1995:606–607</ref> is a [[genus]] [[flowering plant]]s in the [[olive]] and [[lilac]] family, [[Oleaceae]]. It contains 45-65 species of usually medium to large [[tree]]s, mostly [[deciduous]] though a few [[Subtropics|subtropical]] species are [[evergreen]]. The tree's common English name, '''Ash''', goes back to the [[Old English]] ''æsc'', while the generic name originated in [[Latin]]. Both words also meant "[[spear]]" in their respective languages.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://books.google.com/?id=tzU3RIV2BWIC |title=Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture |editor=J. P. Mallory, Douglas Q. Adams |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=1997 |isbn=9781884964985 |page=32}}</ref> The [[leaf|leaves]] are opposite (rarely in whorls of three), and mostly [[pinnate|pinnately compound]], simple in a few [[species]]. The [[seed]]s, popularly known as ''keys'' or ''helicopter seeds'', are a type of [[fruit]] known as a [[samara (fruit)|samara]].  [[Rowan]]s or Mountain Ashes are unrelated to true ashes and belong to the [[Genus]] [[Sorbus]] though the leaves and buds are superficially similar.
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{{Inc|
 
{{Inc|
 
[[Image:Ash flower.JPG|thumb|European Ash in flower]]
 
[[Image:Ash flower.JPG|thumb|European Ash in flower]]
 
[[Image:NarrowleafAsh.jpg|thumb|Narrow-leafed Ash (''Fraxinus angustifolia'') shoot with leaves]]
 
[[Image:NarrowleafAsh.jpg|thumb|Narrow-leafed Ash (''Fraxinus angustifolia'') shoot with leaves]]
[[Image:EurAshSeeds.jpg|thumb|Closeup of European Ash seeds]]
 
[[Image:Koeh-062.jpg|thumb|19th century illustration of Manna Ash (''Fraxinus ornus'')]]
 
 
Fraxinus (ancient Latin name). Oleaceae. Ash. Interesting trees grown chiefly for their handsome pinnate leaves and some species also for the conspicuous panicles of white flowers.
 
Fraxinus (ancient Latin name). Oleaceae. Ash. Interesting trees grown chiefly for their handsome pinnate leaves and some species also for the conspicuous panicles of white flowers.
  
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==Species==
 
==Species==
 
Selected species{{wp}}:
 
Selected species{{wp}}:
;Ashes of eastern [[North America]]
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;Eastern [[North America]]
* ''[[Fraxinus americana]]'' White Ash
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* ''[[Fraxinus americana]]'' <small>L.</small> &ndash; White Ash
* ''[[Fraxinus caroliniana]]'' Water Ash  
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* ''[[Fraxinus caroliniana]]'' <small>Mill.</small> &ndash; Carolina Ash
* ''[[Fraxinus nigra]]'' Black Ash or Swamp Ash  
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* ''[[Fraxinus nigra]]'' <small>Marshall</small> &ndash; Black Ash
* ''[[Fraxinus pennsylvanica]]'' Green Ash (also includes Red Ash)
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* ''[[Fraxinus pennsylvanica]]'' <small>Marshall</small> Green Ash
* ''[[Fraxinus profunda]]'' (syn. ''F. tomentosa'') Pumpkin Ash  
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* ''[[Fraxinus profunda]]'' <small>(Bush) Bush</small> &ndash; Pumpkin Ash
* ''[[Fraxinus quadrangulata]]'' Blue Ash
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* ''[[Fraxinus quadrangulata]]'' <small>Michx.</small> &ndash; Blue Ash
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* ''[[Fraxinus tremillium]]''<small></small> &ndash; Indigo Ash
  
;Ashes of western and southwestern [[North America]]
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;Western and southwestern [[North America]]
* ''[[Fraxinus anomala]]'' Single-leaf Ash  
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* ''[[Fraxinus anomala]]'' <small>Torr. ex S.Watson</small> &ndash; Singleleaf Ash
* ''[[Fraxinus cuspidata]]'' Fragrant Ash  
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* ''[[Fraxinus berlandieriana]]'' <small>DC.</small> &ndash; Mexican Ash  
* ''[[Fraxinus dipetala]]'' Two-petal Ash  
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* ''[[Fraxinus cuspidata]]'' <small>Torr.</small> &ndash; Fragrant Ash  
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* ''[[Fraxinus dipetala]]'' <small>Hook. & Arn.</small> &ndash; California Ash or Two-petal Ash  
 
* ''[[Fraxinus dubia]]''
 
* ''[[Fraxinus dubia]]''
* ''[[Fraxinus gooddingii]]'' Goodding's Ash
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* ''[[Fraxinus gooddingii]]''<small></small> &ndash; Goodding's Ash
* ''[[Fraxinus greggii]]'' Gregg's Ash
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* ''[[Fraxinus greggii]]'' <small>A.Gray</small> &ndash; Gregg's Ash
* ''[[Fraxinus latifolia]]'' Oregon Ash
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* ''[[Fraxinus latifolia]]'' <small>Benth.</small> &ndash; Oregon Ash
* ''[[Fraxinus lowellii]]'' Lowell Ash
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* ''[[Fraxinus lowellii]]''<small></small> &ndash; Lowell Ash
* ''[[Fraxinus papillosa]]'' Chihuahua Ash
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* ''[[Fraxinus papillosa]]'' <small>Lingelsh.</small> &ndash; Chihuahua Ash
 
* ''[[Fraxinus purpusii]]''  
 
* ''[[Fraxinus purpusii]]''  
 
* ''[[Fraxinus rufescens]]''
 
* ''[[Fraxinus rufescens]]''
* ''[[Fraxinus texensis]]'' Mountain Ash or Texas Ash
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* ''[[Fraxinus texensis]]'' <small>(A.Gray) Sarg.</small> &ndash; Texas Ash
* ''[[Fraxinus uhdei]]'' Shamel Ash or Tropical Ash
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* ''[[Fraxinus uhdei]]'' <small>(Wenz.) Lingelsh.</small> &ndash; Shamel Ash or Tropical Ash
* ''[[Fraxinus velutina]]'' Velvet Ash
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* ''[[Fraxinus velutina]]'' <small>Torr.</small> &ndash; Velvet Ash
  
;Ashes of the Western [[Palearctic]] ([[Europe]], north [[Africa]] and southwest [[Asia]])
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;Western [[Palearctic]] ([[Europe]], [[north Africa]] and [[Western Asia|southwest Asia]])
* ''[[Fraxinus angustifolia]]'' Narrow-leafed Ash
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* ''[[Fraxinus angustifolia]]'' <small>Vahl</small> &ndash; Narrow-leafed Ash or Caucasian Ash
** ''[[Fraxinus angustifolia]]'' var. ''oxycarpa'' (syn. ''F. oxycarpa'') Caucasian Ash
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** ''[[Fraxinus angustifolia]]'' subsp. ''oxycarpa''<small></small> &ndash; [[Claret Ash]] or Raywood Ash
* ''[[Fraxinus excelsior]]'' European Ash
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* ''[[Fraxinus dimorpha]]''  
* ''[[Fraxinus holotricha]]''
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* ''[[Fraxinus excelsior]]'' <small>L.</small> &ndash; European Ash
* ''[[Fraxinus ornus]]'' Manna Ash or Flowering Ash
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* ''[[Fraxinus holotricha]]'' <small>Koehne</small>
* ''[[Fraxinus pallisiae]]'' Pallis' Ash
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* ''[[Fraxinus ornus]]'' <small>L.</small> &ndash; Manna Ash or Flowering Ash
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* ''[[Fraxinus syriaca]]''
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* ''[[Fraxinus pallisiae]]'' <small>Wilmott</small> &ndash; Pallis' Ash
  
;Ashes of the Eastern [[Palearctic]] (central & eastern [[Asia]])
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;Eastern [[Palearctic]] ([[Central Asia|central]] and [[east Asia]])
 
* ''[[Fraxinus apertisquamifera]]''   
 
* ''[[Fraxinus apertisquamifera]]''   
 
* ''[[Fraxinus baroniana]]''   
 
* ''[[Fraxinus baroniana]]''   
* ''[[Fraxinus bungeana]]'' Bunge's Ash
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* ''[[Fraxinus bungeana]]'' <small>DC.</small> &ndash; Bunge's Ash
* ''[[Fraxinus chinensis]]'' Chinese Ash or Korean Ash
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* ''[[Fraxinus chinensis]]'' <small>Roxb.</small> &ndash; Chinese Ash or Korean Ash
 
* ''[[Fraxinus chiisanensis]]''  
 
* ''[[Fraxinus chiisanensis]]''  
* ''[[Fraxinus floribunda]]'' Himalayan Manna Ash
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* ''[[Fraxinus floribunda]]'' <small>Wall.</small> &ndash; Himalayan Manna Ash
* ''[[Fraxinus griffithii]]'' Griffith's Ash
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* ''[[Fraxinus griffithii]]''<small>C.B.Clarke</small> &ndash; Griffith's Ash
* ''[[Fraxinus hubeiensis]] ''  
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* ''[[Fraxinus hubeiensis]]''
* ''[[Fraxinus lanuginosa]] ''  
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* ''[[Fraxinus japonica]]''<small></small> &ndash; Japanese Ash
* ''[[Fraxinus longicuspis]]'' Japanese Ash
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* ''[[Fraxinus lanuginosa]]''
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* ''[[Fraxinus longicuspis]]''
 
* ''[[Fraxinus malacophylla]]''
 
* ''[[Fraxinus malacophylla]]''
* ''[[Fraxinus mandshurica]]'' Manchurian Ash
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* ''[[Fraxinus mandschurica]]'' <small>Rupr.</small> &ndash; Manchurian Ash
* ''[[Fraxinus mariesii]]'' Chinese Flowering Ash
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* ''[[Fraxinus mariesii]]''<small></small> &ndash; Maries' Ash
* ''[[Fraxinus micrantha]] ''
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* ''[[Fraxinus micrantha]]'' <small>Lingelsh.</small>
* ''[[Fraxinus paxiana]] ''
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* ''[[Fraxinus paxiana]]'' <small>Lingelsh.</small>
 
* ''[[Fraxinus platypoda]]''  
 
* ''[[Fraxinus platypoda]]''  
* ''[[Fraxinus raibocarpa]]''  
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* ''[[Fraxinus raibocarpa]]'' <small>Regel</small>
* ''[[Fraxinus sieboldiana]]'' Japanese Flowering Ash
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* ''[[Fraxinus sieboldiana]]'' <small>Blume</small> &ndash; Japanese Flowering Ash
* ''[[Fraxinus spaethiana]]'' Späth's Ash
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* ''[[Fraxinus spaethiana]]'' <small>Lingelsh.</small> &ndash; Späth's Ash
 
* ''[[Fraxinus trifoliata]]''  
 
* ''[[Fraxinus trifoliata]]''  
* ''[[Fraxinus xanthoxyloides]]'' Afghan Ash
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* ''[[Fraxinus xanthoxyloides]]'' <small>(G.Don) Wall. ex DC.</small> &ndash; Afghan Ash<ref name="GRINspecies">{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?4752 |title=Species Records of ''Fraxinus'' |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |accessdate=2010-02-22}}</ref><ref name="ITIS">{{cite web |url=http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=32928 |title=''Fraxinus'' L. |work=ITIS Standard Reports |publisher=Integrated Taxonomic Information System |accessdate=2010-02-22}}</ref>
  
 
{{Inc|
 
{{Inc|
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<gallery>
 
<gallery>
Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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Image:EurAshSeeds.jpg|Closeup of European Ash seeds
Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Koeh-062.jpg|19th century illustration of Manna Ash (''Fraxinus ornus'')
 
Image:Upload.png| photo 3
 
Image:Upload.png| photo 3
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
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*{{wplink}}
 
*{{wplink}}
  
{{stub}}
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__NOTOC__
[[Category:Categorize]]
 
 
 
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Latest revision as of 02:04, 5 August 2010


Fraxinus ornus


Plant Characteristics
Habit   tree
Cultivation
Scientific Names

Oleaceae >

Fraxinus >


If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!


Fraxinus (pronounced /ˈfræksɨnəs/)[1] is a genus flowering plants in the olive and lilac family, Oleaceae. It contains 45-65 species of usually medium to large trees, mostly deciduous though a few subtropical species are evergreen. The tree's common English name, Ash, goes back to the Old English æsc, while the generic name originated in Latin. Both words also meant "spear" in their respective languages.[2] The leaves are opposite (rarely in whorls of three), and mostly pinnately compound, simple in a few species. The seeds, popularly known as keys or helicopter seeds, are a type of fruit known as a samara. Rowans or Mountain Ashes are unrelated to true ashes and belong to the Genus Sorbus though the leaves and buds are superficially similar.


Read about Ash tree in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 
European Ash in flower
Narrow-leafed Ash (Fraxinus angustifolia) shoot with leaves

Fraxinus (ancient Latin name). Oleaceae. Ash. Interesting trees grown chiefly for their handsome pinnate leaves and some species also for the conspicuous panicles of white flowers.

Deciduous: lvs. opposite, odd-pinnate, without stipules: fls. in panicles, dioecious or polygamous, with or without calyx or with calyx and a 2-6-parted corolla with generally linear segms.; stamens generally 2; ovary 2-celled: fr. a 1-seeded, winged samara.—About 50 species in the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere south to Cuba; 16 of them occur in the U. S.

The ashes are ornamental trees, most of them hardy, with rather large leaves and small flowers in panicles, either appearing before the leaves and greenish, or in the subgenus Ornus after or with leaves and whitish in showy panicles: the winged fruit is insignificant. They are valuable as street and park trees, and grow mostly into tall, pyramidal or broad-headed trees, with rather light green foliage, which turns yellow or dark purple in fall or remains green, as in F. excelsior and F. ornus. The ash is seldom severely injured, though a number of insects and fungi prey on the leaves and wood, of which two borers, and a fungus attacking the leaves are perhaps the most obnoxious. Most of the species are hardy North except those from the southern states, southern Europe and Himalayas; of the subgenus Ornus, F. bungeana and F. longicuspis seem to be the hardiest. The ashes are important forest trees, and the straight- grained and tough wood is much used for handles of tools, in the manufacture of carriages and wagons, for the interior finish of houses, and for furniture, for baskets and also for fuel. From F. Ornus manna is obtained as an exudation of the trunk, and some Chinese species, especially F. chinensis and F. mariesii, yield the Chinese white wax.

The ashes grow in almost any moderately moist soil, F. nigra being somewhat more moisture-loving, while F. oxycarpa, F. ornus, F. syriaca and F. cuspidata grow well even in drier situations. They are usually readily transplanted and grow rapidly when young. Propagation is by seeds gathered in fall and sown immediately, or stratified and sown in spring, covered with about 1 inch of good soil; sometimes they remain dormant until the second year. The varieties and rarer kinds are budded in late summer or grafted in spring on the seedlings of any of the common species. CH


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

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Propagation

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Pests and diseases

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Species

Selected specieswp:

Eastern North America
Western and southwestern North America
Western Palearctic (Europe, north Africa and southwest Asia)
Eastern Palearctic (central and east Asia)


Read about Ash tree in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

{{{1}}}

The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Gallery

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References

External links


  1. Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
  2. J. P. Mallory, Douglas Q. Adams, ed (1997). Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture. Taylor & Francis. p. 32. ISBN 9781884964985. http://books.google.com/?id=tzU3RIV2BWIC. 
  3. "Species Records of Fraxinus". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved on 2010-02-22.
  4. "Fraxinus L.". ITIS Standard Reports. Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved on 2010-02-22.