Difference between revisions of "Lupinus arboreus"

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{{Taxobox
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{{SPlantbox
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| color = lightgreen
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|familia=Fabaceae
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| name = ''Lupinus arboreus''
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|genus=Lupinus
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| image = arboreus_infl.jpg
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|species=arboreus
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| image_width = 240px
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|common_name=Yellow Bush Lupine
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| image_caption = Inflorescence of ''Lupinus arboreus''
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|habit=shrub
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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|Min ht metric=cm
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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|origin=W United States
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| classis = [[Dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]]
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|Temp Metric=°F
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| ordo = [[Fabales]]
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|image=arboreus_infl.jpg
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| familia = [[Fabaceae]]
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|image_width=200
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| subfamilia = [[Faboideae]]
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|image_caption=Inflorescence
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| tribus = [[Genisteae]]
 
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| genus = '''''[[Lupin]]us'''''
 
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| subgenus = '''''Platycarpos''''' [http://koti.mbnet.fi/bkurl/Classific.htm  (Wats.) Kurl.]
 
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| species = '''''L. arboreus'''''
 
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| binomial = ''Lupinus arboreus''
 
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| binomial_authority = [[John Sims|Sims]]
 
 
}}
 
}}
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'''''Lupinus arboreus''''' ('''Yellow Bush Lupine''') is a species of [[lupin]]e native to the western [[United States]] in [[California]], where it is widely distributed [[coast]]al scrub and [[sand]] [[dune]]s. Because it has been widely introduced, there is some uncertainty about its native range; it is thought to be native from [[Point Reyes National Seashore]] south to [[San Luis Obispo County, California|San Luis Obispo County]].
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It is a perennial [[shrub]] growing to 2 m tall (hence the alternative common name, '''tree lupine''') in sheltered situations, but more typically 1-1.5 m tall. It has green to gray-green palmate leaves, with 5-12 leaflets per leaf. The leaflets are 2-6 cm long, often sparsely covered with fine silky hairs. Both yellow and lilac to purple flowering forms are known; however, the yellow form is more common, except in the north of the species' range. It is capable of tolerating temperatures down to -12°C and living for up to seven years.
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{{Inc|
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Lupinus arboreus, Sims. Tree Lupine. Lfts. 7-11. lanceolate-linear, acute, silvery downy below, entire:fls. somewhat verticillate, in tall, loose racemes, sulfur-yellow, fragrant: pods pubescent, 1½ -3 in. long. July-Sept. Common m Calif. Shrub, 4-10 ft. high, somewhat pubescent, not hardy at the north. Var. Snow Queen or Queen of the Snow is pure white. Var. luteus has been advertised.
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}}
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==Cultivation==
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The yellow-flowering form is widely grown as an [[ornamental plant]] for its attractive yellow flowers and also to bind drifting sand dunes. It has however escaped from cultivation to become an [[invasive species]] in many areas. Outside of its native range in North America, it is somewhat invasive both in southern California, and further north to southwestern [[Canada]]. It has also been introduced in western [[Europe]], [[Australia]] (where it is considered a potential noxious weed), [[New Zealand]], Anatolia [[Aegean Region of Turkey]] and southern [[South America]], including the [[Falkland Islands]].
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Like many members of the family [[Fabaceae]], it is an effective [[nitrogen fixation|fixer]] of [[nitrogen]] in the soil. Where it has been introduced, it changes the chemistry of the soil, and therefore allows other exotics to establish themselves, to the detriment of native vegetation adapted to low nitrogen levels. It also [[Hybrid (biology)|hybridizes]] with other lupine species such as ''[[Lupinus littoralis]]'' (seashore lupin) and ''[[Lupinus rivularis]]'' (riverbank lupin), further endangering the survival of those forms.
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===Propagation===
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<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
  
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'''''Lupinus arboreus''''' ('''Yellow Bush Lupine''') is a species of [[lupin]]e native to the western [[United States]] in [[California]], where it is widely distributed [[coast]]al scrub and [[sand]] [[dune]]s. Because it has been widely introduced, there is some uncertainty about its native range; it is thought to be native from [[Point Reyes National Seashore]] south to [[San Luis Obispo County, California|San Luis Obispo County]].
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===Pests and diseases===
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<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
  
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[[Image:Arboreus.jpg|thumbnail|left|Yellow Bush Lupine in flower]]
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==Species==
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It is a perennial [[shrub]] growing to 2 m tall (hence the alternative common name, '''tree lupine''') in sheltered situations, but more typically 1-1.5 m tall. It has green to gray-green palmate leaves, with 5-12 leaflets per leaf. The leaflets are 2-6 cm long, often sparsely covered with fine silky hairs. Both yellow and lilac to purple flowering forms are known; however, the yellow form is more common, except in the north of the species' range. It is capable of tolerating temperatures down to -12°C and living for up to seven years.
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<!--  This section should be renamed Cultivars if it appears on a page for a species (rather than genus), or perhaps Varieties if there is a mix of cultivars, species, hybrids, etc    -->
  
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===Cultivation===
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==Gallery==
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The yellow-flowering form is widely grown as an [[ornamental plant]] for its attractive yellow flowers and also to bind drifting sand dunes. It has however escaped from cultivation to become an [[invasive species]] in many areas. Outside of its native range in North America, it is somewhat invasive both in southern California, and further north to southwestern [[Canada]]. It has also been introduced in western [[Europe]], [[Australia]] (where it is considered a potential noxious weed), [[New Zealand]], and southern [[South America]], including the [[Falkland Islands]].
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
  
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Like all members of the family [[Fabaceae]], it is an effective [[nitrogen fixation|fixer]] of [[nitrogen]] in the soil. Where it has been introduced, it changes the chemistry of the soil, and therefore allows other exotics to establish themselves, to the detriment of native vegetation adapted to low nitrogen levels. It also [[hybrid]]izes with other lupine species such as ''[[Lupinus littoralis]]'' (seashore lupin) and ''[[Lupinus rivularis]]'' (riverbank lupin), further endangering the survival of those forms.
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<gallery>
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Image:Arboreus.jpg|Yellow Bush Lupine in flower
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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</gallery>
  
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===Related species===
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==References==
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A number of other related species of lupine also grow as bushes. They include:
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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*''[[Lupinus chamissonis]]'' Chamisso bush lupine, silver bush lupine
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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*''[[Lupinus albifrons]]'' Bush lupine
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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*''[[Lupinus excubitus]]'' Grape soda lupine
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
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*''[[Lupinus longifolius]]'' Longleaf bush lupine
 
  
 
==External links==
 
==External links==
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* [http://ucce.ucdavis.edu/datastore/detailreport.cfm?usernumber=60&surveynumber=182 California Invasive Plant Council report on yellow bush lupine]
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*{{wplink}}
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* [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?Lupinus+arboreus Jepson Flora Project: ''Lupinus arboreus'']
 
  
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[[Category:Faboideae]]
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{{stub}}
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[[Category:Flora of California]]
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__NOTOC__
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[[Category:Invasive species]]
 

Latest revision as of 02:39, 14 December 2009


Inflorescence


Plant Characteristics
Habit   shrub

Origin: ✈ W United States
Cultivation
Scientific Names

Fabaceae >

Lupinus >

arboreus >


Lupinus arboreus (Yellow Bush Lupine) is a species of lupine native to the western United States in California, where it is widely distributed coastal scrub and sand dunes. Because it has been widely introduced, there is some uncertainty about its native range; it is thought to be native from Point Reyes National Seashore south to San Luis Obispo County.

It is a perennial shrub growing to 2 m tall (hence the alternative common name, tree lupine) in sheltered situations, but more typically 1-1.5 m tall. It has green to gray-green palmate leaves, with 5-12 leaflets per leaf. The leaflets are 2-6 cm long, often sparsely covered with fine silky hairs. Both yellow and lilac to purple flowering forms are known; however, the yellow form is more common, except in the north of the species' range. It is capable of tolerating temperatures down to -12°C and living for up to seven years.


Read about Lupinus arboreus in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Lupinus arboreus, Sims. Tree Lupine. Lfts. 7-11. lanceolate-linear, acute, silvery downy below, entire:fls. somewhat verticillate, in tall, loose racemes, sulfur-yellow, fragrant: pods pubescent, 1½ -3 in. long. July-Sept. Common m Calif. Shrub, 4-10 ft. high, somewhat pubescent, not hardy at the north. Var. Snow Queen or Queen of the Snow is pure white. Var. luteus has been advertised.


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

The yellow-flowering form is widely grown as an ornamental plant for its attractive yellow flowers and also to bind drifting sand dunes. It has however escaped from cultivation to become an invasive species in many areas. Outside of its native range in North America, it is somewhat invasive both in southern California, and further north to southwestern Canada. It has also been introduced in western Europe, Australia (where it is considered a potential noxious weed), New Zealand, Anatolia Aegean Region of Turkey and southern South America, including the Falkland Islands.

Like many members of the family Fabaceae, it is an effective fixer of nitrogen in the soil. Where it has been introduced, it changes the chemistry of the soil, and therefore allows other exotics to establish themselves, to the detriment of native vegetation adapted to low nitrogen levels. It also hybridizes with other lupine species such as Lupinus littoralis (seashore lupin) and Lupinus rivularis (riverbank lupin), further endangering the survival of those forms.

Propagation

Pests and diseases

Species

Gallery

If you have a photo of this plant, please upload it! Plus, there may be other photos available for you to add.

  • Yellow Bush Lupine in flower

  • photo 1

  • photo 2

  • photo 3

References

External links


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