Difference between revisions of "Mayweed"

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{{SPlantbox
 
{{SPlantbox
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|familia=Asteraceae
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|genus=Matricaria
 
|common_name=Mayweed
 
|common_name=Mayweed
 
|Min ht metric=cm
 
|Min ht metric=cm
 
|Temp Metric=°F
 
|Temp Metric=°F
 
|jumpin=This is the plant information box - for information on light; water; zones; height; etc. If it is mostly empty you can help grow this page by clicking on the edit tab and filling in the blanks!
 
|jumpin=This is the plant information box - for information on light; water; zones; height; etc. If it is mostly empty you can help grow this page by clicking on the edit tab and filling in the blanks!
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|image=Upload.png
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|image=Matricariachamomilla.jpg
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|image_width=240
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|image_width=180
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|image_caption=German Chamomile (''Matricaria recutita'')
 
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'''''Matricaria''''' is a [[genus]] of flowering plants in the sunflower family ([[Asteraceae]]). Some of the species have the common name of "mayweed," but this name also relates to plants not in this genus.
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Most are very common  in the temperate regions of Europe, Asia, and America as well as in North Africa, and South Africa and some are naturalised in Australia. ''M. occidentalis'' is native in North America; other species are introduced.
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These are hardy, pleasantly [[Aroma compound|aromatic]] [[annual plant|annuals]], growing along roadsides, in ruderal soils, and fallow land, rich in nutrients. Many are considered nuisance [[weed]]s. However they are suitable for rock gardens, herb gardens and as border plants.
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Their many-branched [[Plant stem|stems]] are prostrate to erect, glabrous and very leafy. Their bipinnate [[Leaf|leaves]] have numerous linear, narrowly lobed leaflets.
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The [[flower]]s are radially symmetrical.The greenish yellow capitula are semi-spherical. The white ray florets can be present (''M. recutita'') or lacking (''M. discoidea''). The disc florets are 4- to 5-dentate. The receptacle is 2-3 times as high as wide. The pappus may be crown-shaped and short, or lacking.
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{{Inc|
 
{{Inc|
 
Matricaria (mater, mother, from its use in diseases). Compositae. Matricary. Wild Chamomile. Annual or perennial weedy herbs, often heavily scented.
 
Matricaria (mater, mother, from its use in diseases). Compositae. Matricary. Wild Chamomile. Annual or perennial weedy herbs, often heavily scented.
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{{Taxobox
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Describe the plant here...
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| color = lightgreen
 
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| name = Mayweed
 
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| image = Matricariachamomilla.jpg
 
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| image_width = 275px
 
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| image_caption = German Chamomile (''Matricaria recutita'')
 
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
 
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
 
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| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
 
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| ordo = [[Asterales]]
 
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| familia = [[Asteraceae]]
 
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| genus = '''''Matricaria'''''
 
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| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]], [[1753]]
 
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| subdivision_ranks = Species
 
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| subdivision =
 
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See text.
 
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}}
 
  
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'''''Matricaria''''' is a [[genus]] of flowering plants in the sunflower family ([[Asteraceae]]). Some of the species have the common name of "mayweed," but this name also relates to plants not in this genus.
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==Cultivation==
  
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Most are very common  in the temperate regions of Europe, Asia, and America as well as in North Africa, and South Africa and some are naturalised in Australia. ''M. occidentalis'' is native in North America; other species are introduced.
 
  
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These are hardy, pleasantly [[Aroma compound|aromatic]] [[annual plant|annuals]], growing along roadsides, in ruderal soils, and fallow land, rich in nutrients. Many are considered nuisance [[weed]]s. However they are suitable for rock gardens, herb gardens and as border plants.
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===Propagation===
  
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Their many-branched [[Plant stem|stems]] are prostrate to erect, glabrous and very leafy. Their bipinnate [[Leaf|leaves]] have numerous linear, narrowly lobed leaflets.
 
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The [[flower]]s are radially symmetrical.The greenish yellow capitula are semi-spherical. The white ray florets can be present (''M. recutita'') or lacking (''M. discoidea''). The disc florets are 4- to 5-dentate. The receptacle is 2-3 times as high as wide. The pappus may be crown-shaped and short, or lacking.
 
  
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''Matricaria'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including [[Lime-speck Pug]].
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===Pests and diseases===
  
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The extracts of German Chamomile (''M. recutita'') are taken as a strong tea, safe for human consumption. It has been ascribed in herbal medicine to be carminative and anti-inflammatory. It is also used in ointments, lotions, and as a mouthwash against infections of mouth and gums. In [[aromatherapy]] use 2 [[essential oils]] of Chamomile: the "true chamomille" oil (from ''M. recutita'') and the Roman Chamomile oil (from [[Anthemis]] nobilis). The essential oils are fully  different in main chemical components - bisabolol oxide A, hamasulene, bisobolol oxide B, alpha-bisabolol,  bisabolene oxide for "true chamomille" oil and Amyl Butyrate, Butyl Angelate, Amyl Angelate for Roman Chamomile oil. So the aromatherapy use is different for the two varieties.
 
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The [[taxonomy]] of ''Matricaria'' is controversial and very confused. Several species are classified in ''Tripleurospermum'' or ''Matricaria'', depending on the interpretation of the author. The distinction is made according to the number of the seed ribs : ''Tripleurospermum'' has one adaxial and two lateral seed ribs, while ''Matricaria'' has 4 or 5 adaxial seed ribs.
 
  
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== Species  ==
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==Varieties==
 
[[Image:Matricaria_discoidea.JPG|thumb|265px|right|''Matricaria discoidea'']]
 
[[Image:Matricaria_discoidea.JPG|thumb|265px|right|''Matricaria discoidea'']]
  
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* [[Chamomile]]
 
* [[Chamomile]]
  
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==Gallery==
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<gallery perrow=5>
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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</gallery>
  
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== Reference ==
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==References==
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*[http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iapt/tax/2002/00000051/00000004/art00014 A reassessment of the nomenclature of Matricaria L. and Tripleurospermum Sch. Bip. (Asteraceae) - Applequist W.L.; ''Taxon'', 1 November 2002, vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 757-761(5)]
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<references/>
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
  
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==External links==
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*{{wplink}}
  
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[[Category:Asteraceae]]
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{{stub}}
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__NOTOC__

Latest revision as of 07:00, 5 January 2010


German Chamomile (Matricaria recutita)


Plant Characteristics
Cultivation
Scientific Names

Asteraceae >

Matricaria >


This is the plant information box - for information on light; water; zones; height; etc. If it is mostly empty you can help grow this page by clicking on the edit tab and filling in the blanks!"This is the plant information box - for information on light; water; zones; height; etc. If it is mostly empty you can help grow this page by clicking on the edit tab and filling in the blanks!" is not in the list (If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!) of allowed values for the "Jump in" property.


Matricaria is a genus of flowering plants in the sunflower family (Asteraceae). Some of the species have the common name of "mayweed," but this name also relates to plants not in this genus.

Most are very common in the temperate regions of Europe, Asia, and America as well as in North Africa, and South Africa and some are naturalised in Australia. M. occidentalis is native in North America; other species are introduced.

These are hardy, pleasantly aromatic annuals, growing along roadsides, in ruderal soils, and fallow land, rich in nutrients. Many are considered nuisance weeds. However they are suitable for rock gardens, herb gardens and as border plants.

Their many-branched stems are prostrate to erect, glabrous and very leafy. Their bipinnate leaves have numerous linear, narrowly lobed leaflets.

The flowers are radially symmetrical.The greenish yellow capitula are semi-spherical. The white ray florets can be present (M. recutita) or lacking (M. discoidea). The disc florets are 4- to 5-dentate. The receptacle is 2-3 times as high as wide. The pappus may be crown-shaped and short, or lacking.


Read about Mayweed in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Matricaria (mater, mother, from its use in diseases). Compositae. Matricary. Wild Chamomile. Annual or perennial weedy herbs, often heavily scented.

From Chrysanthemum it differs mostly in the achenes, which are 3-5-ribbed on the interior face and ribless on the back; also in having a higher or more conical receptacle, and bracts in few rather than many series. — About 25 species in many parts of the world. The foliage is much cut or divided into thread-like divisions. The matricarias are border plants in cult., and others are intro. weeds. They are commonly confounded with species of Chrysanthemum and feverfew. The M . exima plena of the trade is a form of Chrysanthemum Parthenium (var. tubulosum). It is a good hardy annual, with white double heads, growing 2 ft. tall. Matricarias demand the care given to annual chrysanthemums. The three following are annuals or biennials.


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Describe the plant here...

Cultivation

Propagation

Pests and diseases

Varieties

Matricaria discoidea
  • Matricaria acutiloba
  • Matricaria albida
  • Matricaria arabica
  • Matricaria arlgirdensis
  • Matricaria auriculata
  • Matricaria brachyglossa
  • Matricaria burchellii
  • Matricaria capitellata
  • Matricaria caucasica
  • Matricaria confusa
  • Matricaria conoclinia
  • Matricaria coreana
  • Matricaria corymbifera
  • Matricaria courrantiana: Crown Mayweed
  • Matricaria decipiens
  • Matricaria dichotoma
  • Matricaria discoidea : Disc Mayweed (synonym of Chamomilla suaveolens (Pursh) Rydb.)
  • Matricaria fuscata
  • Matricaria glabra (synonym of Otospermum glabrum (Lag.) Willk.)
  • Matricaria glabrata
  • Matricaria globifera
  • Matricaria grandiflora
  • Matricaria heterocarpa
  • Matricaria hirsutifolia
  • Matricaria hirta
  • Matricaria hispida
  • Matricaria inodora (synonym of Matricaria perforata Mérat)
  • Matricaria intermedia
  • Matricaria lamellata
  • Matricaria lasiocarpa
  • Matricaria laxa
  • Matricaria macrotis
  • Matricaria maritima
    • Matricaria maritima f. coronata
    • Matricaria maritima ssp. maritima
    • Matricaria maritima ssp. phaeocephala
    • Matricaria maritima ssp. subpolaris
  • Matricaria matricarioides : Pineapple Weed; Rounded Chamomile (synonym of Chamomilla suaveolens (Pursh) Rydb.)
  • Matricaria melanophylla
  • Matricaria microcephala
  • Matricaria nigellifolia
  • Matricaria occidentalis : Valley Mayweed
  • Matricaria otaviensis
  • Matricaria parvilfora
  • Matricaria perforata : Scentless Mayweed
  • Matricaria pinnatifida
  • Matricaria praecox (synonym of Matricaria parviflora (Willd.) Poir.)
  • Matricaria recutita : German Chamomile, Scented Mayweed, Wild Chamomile, Common Chamomile
  • Matricaria raddeana
  • Matricaria rosella
  • Matricaria schinzinna
  • Matricaria spathipappus
  • Matricaria subglobosa
  • Matricaria suffruticosa
  • Matricaria tempskyana
  • Matricaria trichophylla
  • Matricaria tridentata
  • Matricaria tzvelevii (synonym of Chamomilla tzvelevii (Pobed.) Rauschert)

See also

Gallery

  • photo 1

  • photo 2

  • photo 3

References

External links


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