Difference between revisions of "Eucommia"

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{{Taxobox
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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
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| color = lightgreen
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| latin_name = ''LATINNAME''   <!--- replace LATINNAME with the actual latin name -->
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| name = ''Eucommia''
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| common_names =    <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank -->
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| growth_habit = ?  <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc -->
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| high = ?  <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
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| wide =    <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
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| origin = ?  <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
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| poisonous =    <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
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| lifespan =    <!--- perennial, annual, etc -->
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| exposure = ?  <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
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| water = ?  <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
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| features =    <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
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| hardiness =    <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
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| bloom =    <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
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| usda_zones = ?  <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
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| sunset_zones =    <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
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| color = IndianRed
 
| image = Eucommia-ulmoides.JPG
 
| image = Eucommia-ulmoides.JPG
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| image_width = 240px
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| image_width = 240px   <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
 
| image_caption = ''Eucommia ulmoides'' foliage and flowers.
 
| image_caption = ''Eucommia ulmoides'' foliage and flowers.
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| status = LR/nt
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| familia = Eucommiaceae
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| genus = Eucommia
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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| species = ulmoides
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| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
 
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| ordo = [[Garryales]]
 
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| familia = '''Eucommiaceae'''
 
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| familia_authority = [[Adolf Engler|Engler]]
 
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| genus = '''''Eucommia'''''
 
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| genus_authority = [[Daniel Oliver|Oliv.]]
 
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| species = '''''E. ulmoides'''''
 
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| binomial = ''Eucommia ulmoides''
 
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| binomial_authority = Oliv.
 
 
}}
 
}}
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'''Eucommia''' (''Eucommia ulmoides'') is a small [[tree]] native to [[China]]. It is [[extinct]] in the wild, but is widely cultivated in China for its [[bark]], highly valued in [[herbology]] such as [[Traditional Chinese medicine]] (TCM).  
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{{Inc|
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Eucommia (Greek, eu, well, and kommi, gum; alluding to the fact that the plant contains rubber). Eucommiaceae. Deciduous tree grown for its handsome foliage and also for its possibility as a hardy rubber- producing tree.
  
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''Eucommia'' is the sole member of the family Eucommiaceae, and was formerly considered to be a separate order, the Eucommiales. It is one of the 50 fundamental herbs used in [[Chinese herbology]], where it is called dùzhòng ([[wiktionary:杜|杜]][[wiktionary:仲|仲]]).
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Branches with laminate pith: winter-buds conspicuous, with imbricate scales: Lvs. alternate, petioled, serrate, without stipules: fls. dioecious, without perianth, solitary in the axils of bracts at the base of the young shoots and precocious; staminate fls. pedicelled; stamens 6-10 with very short filaments and elongated linear anthers; pistillate fls. short-pedicelled with a 1-celled, 2-ovuled stipitate ovary, bifid at the apex, the lobes stigmatic on the inside: fr. a compressed winged nutlet.—-One species in Cent. China, not closely related to any other genus; it was first placed with the Trochodendraceae or Magnoliaceae and afterward with the Hamamelidaceae, but is now generally considered as representing a distinct family allied to the last named.
  
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Eucommia grows to about 15 m tall. The leaves are [[deciduous]], arranged alternately, simple [[ovate]] with an [[acuminate]] tip, 8–16 cm long, and with a serrated margin. If a leaf is torn across, strands of [[latex]] exuded from the leaf veins solidify into [[rubber]] and hold the two parts of the leaf together. The [[flower]]s are inconspicuous, small and greenish; the [[fruit]] is a winged [[Samara (fruit)|samara]] with one [[seed]], very similar to an [[elm]] samara in appearance, 2–3 cm long and 1–2 cm broad.
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Eucommia is an upright-growing vigorous tree with rather large elliptic dark green foliage, inconspicuous precocious flowers and winged fruits; in habit and foliage it resembles somewhat an elm tree. In China the bark is a most valued medicine. The tree contains rubber in all its parts, particularly in the young growth and in the bark. Though the rubber has proved to be of good quality, it is apparently difficult of extraction and not present in sufficient quantity to make the commercial exploitation of the tree pay; therefore the Lopes which have been set in this "hardy rubber tree" will probably never realize. The tree has proved perfectly hardy as far north as Massachusetts and grows well in a loamy humid soil. Propagation is by seeds and by greenwood cuttings under glass.
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{{SCH}}
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==Cultivation==
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{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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===Propagation===
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{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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===Pests and diseases===
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{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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==Species==
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<!--  This section should be renamed Cultivars if it appears on a page for a species (rather than genus), or perhaps Varieties if there is a mix of cultivars, species, hybrids, etc    -->
  
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Eucommia is also occasionally planted in [[botanical garden]]s and other [[garden]]s in [[Europe]], [[North America]] and elsewhere, being of interest as the only cold-tolerant (to at least -30°C) rubber-producing tree.
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==Gallery==
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
  
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It is also sometimes known as "Gutta-percha tree" or "Chinese rubber tree", but is not related to either the true [[Gutta-percha]] tree of southeastern Asia, nor to the South American [[Para rubber tree|rubber tree]].
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<gallery>
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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</gallery>
  
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[[Fossil]]s of ''Eucommia'' have been found in 10–35 million year old [[lignite|brown coal]] deposits in central [[Europe]] and widely in [[North America]] (Call & Dilcher 1997), indicating that the genus had a much wider range in the past.
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==References==
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
  
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==Ethnomedical Use==
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==External links==
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The bark is used in [[traditional Chinese medicine]] to treat lower back pain, aching knees, and to prevent [[miscarriage]]. Also used to "tonify" the [[Yang]].
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*{{wplink}}
  
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==References and external links==
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{{stub}}
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* {{IUCN2006|assessors=World Conservation Monitoring Centre|year=1998|id=31280|title=Eucommia ulmoides|downloaded=11 May 2006}}
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[[Category:Categorize]]
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*Call, V.B. and Dilcher, D.L. 1997. The fossil record of Eucommia (Eucommiaceae) in North America. ''American Journal of Botany'' 84(6): 798-814. Available [http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/reprint/84/6/798.pdf online] (pdf file)
 
  
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[[Category:Garryales]]
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<!--  in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions!    -->

Latest revision as of 21:24, 27 September 2009


Eucommia ulmoides foliage and flowers.


Plant Characteristics
Origin: ✈ ?
Cultivation
Exposure: ☼ ?"?" is not in the list (sun, part-sun, shade, unknown) of allowed values for the "Exposure" property.
Water: ◍ ?"?" is not in the list (wet, moist, moderate, dry, less when dormant) of allowed values for the "Water" property.
Scientific Names

Eucommiaceae >

Eucommia >

ulmoides >



Read about Eucommia in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Eucommia (Greek, eu, well, and kommi, gum; alluding to the fact that the plant contains rubber). Eucommiaceae. Deciduous tree grown for its handsome foliage and also for its possibility as a hardy rubber- producing tree.

Branches with laminate pith: winter-buds conspicuous, with imbricate scales: Lvs. alternate, petioled, serrate, without stipules: fls. dioecious, without perianth, solitary in the axils of bracts at the base of the young shoots and precocious; staminate fls. pedicelled; stamens 6-10 with very short filaments and elongated linear anthers; pistillate fls. short-pedicelled with a 1-celled, 2-ovuled stipitate ovary, bifid at the apex, the lobes stigmatic on the inside: fr. a compressed winged nutlet.—-One species in Cent. China, not closely related to any other genus; it was first placed with the Trochodendraceae or Magnoliaceae and afterward with the Hamamelidaceae, but is now generally considered as representing a distinct family allied to the last named.

Eucommia is an upright-growing vigorous tree with rather large elliptic dark green foliage, inconspicuous precocious flowers and winged fruits; in habit and foliage it resembles somewhat an elm tree. In China the bark is a most valued medicine. The tree contains rubber in all its parts, particularly in the young growth and in the bark. Though the rubber has proved to be of good quality, it is apparently difficult of extraction and not present in sufficient quantity to make the commercial exploitation of the tree pay; therefore the Lopes which have been set in this "hardy rubber tree" will probably never realize. The tree has proved perfectly hardy as far north as Massachusetts and grows well in a loamy humid soil. Propagation is by seeds and by greenwood cuttings under glass. CH


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

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Propagation

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Pests and diseases

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Species

Gallery

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  • photo 1

  • photo 2

  • photo 3

References

External links


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