Difference between revisions of "Calia secundiflora"

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|genus=Calia  
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|species=secundiflora
 
|common_name=Frijolito, Mescal bean, Texas mountain laurel
 
|common_name=Frijolito, Mescal bean, Texas mountain laurel
 
|name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
 
|name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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'''''Calia secundiflora''''' is a species of [[Flowering plant|flowering]] [[shrub]] or small tree in the [[pea]] family, [[Fabaceae]],<ref name="USFS">[http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/tree/sopsec/all.html Sophora secundiflora]</ref> that is native to the [[southwestern United States]] ([[Texas]], [[New Mexico]]) and Mexico ([[Chihuahua (state)|Chihuahua]] and [[Coahuila]] south to [[Hidalgo (Mexico)|Hidalgo]], [[Puebla]] and [[Querétaro]]).<ref name="GRIN"/> Common names include '''Texas Mountain Laurel''', '''Texas Mescalbean''', '''Frijolito''', and '''Frijolillo'''.<ref name="USFS"/> It is an often-misunderstood plant, frequently confused with the ''[[Agave]]'' species used to make [[mezcal]], as well as with [[Peyote]] (''Lophophora williamsii''), which contains [[mescaline]].<ref>[http://waynesword.palomar.edu/peyote.htm Mescal Bean & The Unrelated Peyote Cactus]</ref>
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It is well-adapted to [[arid]] and [[Semi-arid climate|semi-arid]] habitats but is most common in [[riparian zone]]s.<ref name="USFS"/>
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An [[evergreen]], its [[Leaf|leaves]] are [[pinnate]]ly-compound, with small, roughly spatulate [[leaflet]]s; the leaflets are rather thick, and waxy to the touch  Never tall, and rarely having a straight trunk, its [[bark]] is smooth in all but the oldest specimens.<ref>[http://ag.arizona.edu/pima/gardening/aridplants/Sophora_secundiflora.html Sophora secundiflora Texas mountain laurel]</ref> It grows slowly to a height of {{convert|15|ft|m|abbr=on}} and a crown diameter of {{convert|10|ft|m|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Mielke">[http://books.google.com/books?id=7KFT2hGIFPMC&dq Native Plants for Southwestern Landscapes]</ref>
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Extremely fragrant purple [[flower]]s, resembling the smell of grape soda, are produced in large clusters in March and April. They are followed by {{convert|4|in|cm|abbr=on}} [[Legume|pods]] containing deep orange [[seed]]s.<ref name="Mielke"/>
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''C. secundiflora'' is a popular [[ornamental plant]] due to its showy [[flower]]s and orange [[seed]]s. The reddish [[wood]] it produces is potentially useful, but as yet has little commercial value.
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Further adding to this is the fact that the beans were in fact once used by some [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|native American]] tribes as a [[hallucinogen]], before being supplanted by [[peyote]]. This plant does not contain any mescaline, however; all parts of it are highly poisonous, due to the principle [[alkaloid]] [[cytisine]], which is chemically related to [[nicotine]].
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Sophora secundiflora, Lag. Small tree, 35 ft. high, with short, slender trunk and upright branches forming a narrow head or shrubby: lvs. 4-6 in. long; lfts. 7-9, elliptic or obovate-oblong to oblong, rounded or emarginate at the apex, cuneate at the base, silky- pubescent while young, dark yellowish green above, 1-2 1/2 in. long: fls. violet-blue, the standard marked near the base with a few dark spots, very fragrant, about 1 in. long, in 1-sided racemes 2-3 in. long: pod white-tomentose, terete, 1-7 in. long, 1/2 – 3/4 in. thick; seed bright scarlet. Spring. Texas to New Mex.— On account of its handsome fragrant fls., to be recommended for planting South.
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Sophora secundiflora, Lag. Small tree, 35 ft. high, with short, slender trunk and upright branches forming a narrow head or shrubby: lvs. 4-6 in. long; lfts. 7-9, elliptic or obovate-oblong to oblong, rounded or emarginate at the apex, cuneate at the base, silky- pubescent while young, dark yellowish green above, 1-2 1/2 in. long: fls. violet-blue, the standard marked near the base with a few dark spots, very fragrant, about 1 in. long, in 1-sided racemes 2-3 in. long: pod white-tomentose, terete, 1-7 in. long, 1/2 – 3/4 in. thick; seed bright scarlet. Spring. Texas to New Mex. S.S. 3:121. R.H. 1854:201.— On account of its handsome fragrant fls., to be recommended for planting South.
 
 
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==Cultivation==
 
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==Species==
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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File:Calia-secundiflora-20080321.JPG| photo 1
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File:Sophora secundiflora beans.jpg| photo 2
 
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==References==
 
==References==
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
 
<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
 
<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
 
<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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Latest revision as of 01:49, 3 June 2010


Calia secundiflora flowers.jpg


Plant Characteristics
Habit   tree

Height: ⇕ 30 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 30.
Width: ⇔ 15 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 15.
Lifespan: ⌛ perennial
Poisonous: ☠ all parts
Bloom: ❀ early spring, mid spring, late spring
Cultivation
Exposure: ☼ sun
Features: ✓ evergreen, flowers
USDA Zones: 8 to 11
Flower features: ❀ blue, purple
Scientific Names

Fabaceae >

Calia >

secundiflora >


Calia secundiflora is a species of flowering shrub or small tree in the pea family, Fabaceae,[1] that is native to the southwestern United States (Texas, New Mexico) and Mexico (Chihuahua and Coahuila south to Hidalgo, Puebla and Querétaro).[2] Common names include Texas Mountain Laurel, Texas Mescalbean, Frijolito, and Frijolillo.[1] It is an often-misunderstood plant, frequently confused with the Agave species used to make mezcal, as well as with Peyote (Lophophora williamsii), which contains mescaline.[3]

It is well-adapted to arid and semi-arid habitats but is most common in riparian zones.[1]

An evergreen, its leaves are pinnately-compound, with small, roughly spatulate leaflets; the leaflets are rather thick, and waxy to the touch Never tall, and rarely having a straight trunk, its bark is smooth in all but the oldest specimens.[4] It grows slowly to a height of 15 ft m and a crown diameter of 10 ft m .[5]

Extremely fragrant purple flowers, resembling the smell of grape soda, are produced in large clusters in March and April. They are followed by 4 in cm pods containing deep orange seeds.[5]

C. secundiflora is a popular ornamental plant due to its showy flowers and orange seeds. The reddish wood it produces is potentially useful, but as yet has little commercial value.

Further adding to this is the fact that the beans were in fact once used by some native American tribes as a hallucinogen, before being supplanted by peyote. This plant does not contain any mescaline, however; all parts of it are highly poisonous, due to the principle alkaloid cytisine, which is chemically related to nicotine.


Read about Calia secundiflora in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Sophora secundiflora, Lag. Small tree, 35 ft. high, with short, slender trunk and upright branches forming a narrow head or shrubby: lvs. 4-6 in. long; lfts. 7-9, elliptic or obovate-oblong to oblong, rounded or emarginate at the apex, cuneate at the base, silky- pubescent while young, dark yellowish green above, 1-2 1/2 in. long: fls. violet-blue, the standard marked near the base with a few dark spots, very fragrant, about 1 in. long, in 1-sided racemes 2-3 in. long: pod white-tomentose, terete, 1-7 in. long, 1/2 – 3/4 in. thick; seed bright scarlet. Spring. Texas to New Mex.— On account of its handsome fragrant fls., to be recommended for planting South. CH


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

Propagation

Pests and diseases

Varieties

Gallery

  • photo 1

  • photo 2

  • photo 3

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Sophora secundiflora
  2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named GRIN
  3. ↑ Mescal Bean & The Unrelated Peyote Cactus
  4. ↑ Sophora secundiflora Texas mountain laurel
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Native Plants for Southwestern Landscapes

External links


Retrieved from "http://gardenology.mywikis.net/w/index.php?title=Calia_secundiflora&oldid=129190"