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Fruit-Growing comprises all the knowledge and practice that are directly concerned in the producing and handling of fruits. Pomology (literally, science of fruits) is synonymous with fruit-growing. There has been an effort to divorce the terms pomology and fruit-growing, making the former to comprise the scientific and classificatory subjects and the latter the practical subjects; but such division is arbitrary and is opposed to usage. The word "growing" can no longer be held, when used in such connection, to designate merely the planting and care of fruit-plants, for all good practice is necessarily associated with scientific knowledge and theory. Fruit-growing is a more familiar and homely term than the Latin-Greek word pomology, and for that reason it has seemed to some persons to be less adaptable to the formal presentation of the knowledge connected with fruits. It is significant, however, that with the exception of Prince's "Pomological Manual," the fruit books that have done much to mold public opinion in America have not been known as pomologies, notwithstanding the fact that the greater number of them have given great attention to formal descriptions of varieties. The term pomology is founded on the Latin pomum, a word that was used generically for "fruit." In later Latin it came to be associated more particularly with the apple-like fruits. The word is preserved to us in the French pomme, meaning "apple," and in other languages of Latin derivation. In English we know it as pome, a botanical term used to designate fruits that have the peculiar morphological structure of the apple and pear. This use of the term is explained under the article Pyrus. However, the root of the word pomology is derived from the Latin pamum rather than from the botanical pome.  

Fruit-Growing comprises all the knowledge and practice that are directly concerned in the producing and handling of fruits. Pomology (literally, science of fruits) is synonymous with fruit-growing. There has been an effort to divorce the terms pomology and fruit-growing, making the former to comprise the scientific and classificatory subjects and the latter the practical subjects; but such division is arbitrary and is opposed to usage. The word "growing" can no longer be held, when used in such connection, to designate merely the planting and care of fruit-plants, for all good practice is necessarily associated with scientific knowledge and theory. Fruit-growing is a more familiar and homely term than the Latin-Greek word pomology, and for that reason it has seemed to some persons to be less adaptable to the formal presentation of the knowledge connected with fruits. It is significant, however, that with the exception of Prince's "Pomological Manual," the fruit books that have done much to mold public opinion in America have not been known as pomologies, notwithstanding the fact that the greater number of them have given great attention to formal descriptions of varieties. The term pomology is founded on the Latin pomum, a word that was used generically for "fruit." In later Latin it came to be associated more particularly with the apple-like fruits. The word is preserved to us in the French pomme, meaning "apple," and in other languages of Latin derivation. In English we know it as pome, a botanical term used to designate fruits that have the peculiar morphological structure of the apple and pear. This use of the term is explained under the article Pyrus. However, the root of the word pomology is derived from the Latin pamum rather than from the botanical pome.  

In North America, it is chiefly the commercial large- area fruit-growing that is most highly developed. The amateur phase,—for fancy and for home use,—was once relatively more important, as explained in a subsequent paragraph. The "fruit garden" is now little seen. It is very desirable, however, that the growing of the choicest fruits in the most painstaking personal way shall be encouraged amongst us; and with the further development of the country this will take place if writers do not overlook the subject.

In North America, it is chiefly the commercial large- area fruit-growing that is most highly developed. The amateur phase,—for fancy and for home use,—was once relatively more important, as explained in a subsequent paragraph. The "fruit garden" is now little seen. It is very desirable, however, that the growing of the choicest fruits in the most painstaking personal way shall be encouraged amongst us; and with the further development of the country this will take place if writers do not overlook the subject.

The progress in fruit-growing.

The progress in fruit-growing.

The classifying and describing of the kinds of fruits is a particular kind of pomological knowledge that is left to specialists, who are for the most part writers. With the increase in numbers of varieties, it becomes increasingly more important that the most careful attention be given to describing them and to assembling them into their natural groups in order that similar kinds may be compared and also that it may be possible to determine the name by analyzing the specimen. Necessarily, all classificatory schemes for varieties are imperfect since the varieties often differ by very slight characters, and these characters may vary in different regions and under varying conditions. Theoretically, the most perfect classification is one

The classifying and describing of the kinds of fruits is a particular kind of pomological knowledge that is left to specialists, who are for the most part writers. With the increase in numbers of varieties, it becomes increasingly more important that the most careful attention be given to describing them and to assembling them into their natural groups in order that similar kinds may be compared and also that it may be possible to determine the name by analyzing the specimen. Necessarily, all classificatory schemes for varieties are imperfect since the varieties often differ by very slight characters, and these characters may vary in different regions and under varying conditions. Theoretically, the most perfect classification is one

that considers characters of flowers as well as of fruits, but such schemes are usually impracticable because fruit-growers cannot secure flowers and fruits at the same time. For examples of classificatory schemes the reader may consult the various fruit manuals, but the following examples from the older literature will

that considers characters of flowers as well as of fruits, but such schemes are usually impracticable because fruit-growers cannot secure flowers and fruits at the same time. For examples of classificatory schemes the reader may consult the various fruit manuals, but the following examples from the older literature will show something of the range and method connected with the problem:

John J. Thomas' scheme for classifying peaches:

John J. Thomas' scheme for classifying peaches:

Division I. Freestones or Melters.

Division I. Freestones or Melters.

Class I. Flesh pale or light-colored.

Class I. Flesh pale or light-colored.

Section 3. Leaves with reniform glands.

Section 3. Leaves with reniform glands.

Class II. Flesh deep yellow.

Class II. Flesh deep yellow.

Section 2. Leaves with reniform glands.

Section 2. Leaves with reniform glands.

Division II. Clingstones or Pavies.

Division II. Clingstones or Pavies.

Class I. Flesh pale or light-colored.

Class I. Flesh pale or light-colored.

Section 3. Leaves with reniform glands.

Section 3. Leaves with reniform glands.

Class II. Flesh deep yellow.

Class II. Flesh deep yellow.

Section 2. leaves with reniform glands.

Section 2. leaves with reniform glands.

Class III. Flesh purplish crimson.

Class III. Flesh purplish crimson.

Following is John A. Warder's scheme for classifying apples, adopted "after a long and careful consideration and study of this subject." See Figs. 1595, 1596.

Following is John A. Warder's scheme for classifying apples, adopted "after a long and careful consideration and study of this subject." See Figs. 1595, 1596.

Class I. Oblate or flat, having the axis shorter than the trans-

Class I. Oblate or flat, having the axis shorter than the transverse diameter.

verse diameter.

 

Order I. Regular.

Order I. Regular.

Order II. Irregular.

Order II. Irregular.

Section 1. Sweet.

Section 1. Sweet.

Section 2. Sour.

Section 2. Sour.

Subsection 1. Pale or blushed, more or less, but self-

Subsection 1. Pale or blushed, more or less, but self-colored and not striped.

colored and not striped.

 

Subsection 2. Striped or splashed.

Subsection 2. Striped or splashed.

Subsection 3. Russeted.

Subsection 3. Russeted.

Class II. Conical, tapering decidedly toward the eye, and be-

Class II. Conical, tapering decidedly toward the eye, and becoming ovate when larger in the middle and tapering to each end, the axial diameter being the shorter.

coming ovate when larger in the middle and tapering to

 

each end, the axial diameter being the shorter.

Orders I and II, as above.

Orders I and II, as above.

Sections 1 and 2. as above.

Sections 1 and 2. as above.

Apple……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Group.

Apple……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Group.

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==Gallery==

==Gallery==