Difference between revisions of "Cycas"

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{{Taxobox
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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
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| color = lightgreen
 
 
| name = ''Cycas''
 
| name = ''Cycas''
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| common_names =    <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank -->
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| growth_habit = ?  <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc -->
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| high = ?  <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
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| wide =    <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
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| origin = ?  <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
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| poisonous =    <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
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| lifespan =    <!--- perennial, annual, etc -->
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| exposure = ?  <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
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| water = ?  <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
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| features =    <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
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| hardiness =    <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
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| bloom =    <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
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| usda_zones = ?  <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
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| sunset_zones =    <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
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| color = IndianRed
 
| image = Cycas inflorescence.jpg
 
| image = Cycas inflorescence.jpg
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| image_width = 250px
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| image_width = 180px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
 
| image_caption = Leaves and male cone of ''Cycas revoluta''
 
| image_caption = Leaves and male cone of ''Cycas revoluta''
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| regnum = Plantae
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| divisio = [[Cycad]]ophyta
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| divisio = Cycadophyta
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| classis = [[Cycad]]opsida
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| classis = Cycadopsida
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| ordo = [[Cycad]]ales
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| ordo = Cycadales
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| familia = '''Cycadaceae'''
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| familia = Cycadaceae
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| familia_authority = Persoon
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| genus = Cycas
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| genus = '''''Cycas'''''
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| species =  
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| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
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| subspecies =  
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| subdivision_ranks = Species
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| cultivar =  
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| subdivision =  
 
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See [[Cycas#Species|Species Section]]
 
 
}}
 
}}
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[[Image:Rumphii1562.jpg|thumb|Bark of ''Cycas rumphii'']]
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'''''Cycas''''' is the [[type genus]] and the only genus currently recognised in the [[cycad]] family '''Cycadaceae'''.
  
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'''''Cycas''''' is the [[type genus]] and the only genus currently recognised in the [[cycad]] family '''Cycadaceae'''. About 95 species are currently accepted. The best-known species is ''[[Cycas revoluta]]'', widely cultivated under the name "Sago Palm" or "King Sago Palm" due to its palm-like appearance although it is not a true [[Arecaceae|palm]]. The generic name comes from [[Greek language|Greek]] ''kykas'' and means "palm tree".
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{{Inc|
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Cycadaceae (from the genus Cycas, the Greek name of a certain palm). Cycas Family. Fig. 4. More or less woody plants, with thick, unbranched, columnar or tuberous stem: leaves alternate, pinnate: stamens and carpels borne in cones or in temporarily terminal clusters: scales of the staminate cone bearing very many scattered anthers on the under side: the carpels open, not forming a closed ovary, either leaf-like pinnatifid and bearing marginal ovules, or peltate with 2 or more suspended ovules; the latter very large, often 1 inch long, orthotropous, with 1 integument, becoming drupe-like.
  
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The genus is native to the [[Old World]], with the species concentrated around the [[Equator|equatorial]] regions. It is native to eastern and southeastern [[Asia]] including the [[Philippines]] with 6 species (4 of which are endemic), eastern [[Africa]] (including [[Madagascar]]), northern [[Australia]], [[Polynesia]], and [[Micronesia]]. Australia has 26 species, while the Indo-Chinese area has about 30. The northernmost species (''C. revoluta'') is found at 31°N in southern [[Japan]]. The southernmost (''C. megacarpa'') is found at 26°S in southeast [[Queensland]], [[Australia]].
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Cycadaceae has 9 genera and about 85 species, distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Zamia is the largest genus, with 30 species. The family stands isolated among the gymnosperms. The palm-like habit, pinnate leaves, very numerous scattered stamens, and, in Cycas, the leaf-like carpel, are distinctive. Differences more important to the morphologist are to be found in the embryology, especially in the fertilization by motile sperm-cells. The leaves are circinate when unfolding, like those of a fern. The Cycadaceae represent an ancient family far more numerous in past geologic ages. Many fossil species are known.
  
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[[Image:Cycas_flower.jpg|thumb|A male cone of ''Cycas circinalis'']]
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Various species of Cycas in the Moluccas and Japan, especially C. revoluta, yield a sago in the pithy part of the stem which the natives bake into bread. The Hottentots eat the pith of Encephalartos, making from it "Kafir bread.” The seeds of Cycas and Zamia are edible. The leaves of Cycas are used at funerals and church festivals as "palm branches."
  
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The plants are [[plant sexuality|dioecious]], and the family Cycadaceae is unique among the cycads in not forming seed [[conifer cone|cone]]s on female plants, but rather a group of leaf-like structures each with seeds on the lower margins, and pollen cones on male individuals.
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Several genera are in cultivation in America for greenhouse use and outdoors in the South. These are Bowenia; Ceratozamia of Mexico; Cycas (Sago Palm) of the far East; Dioon of Mexico; Encephalartos of South Africa; Macrozamia of Australia; Stangeria of South Africa; Zamia (Coontie, Comptie) of tropical America.{{SCH}}
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}}
  
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The [[caudex]] is cylindrical, surrounded by the persistent [[Petiole (botany)|petiole]] base. Most species form distinct branched or unbranched trunks but in some species the main trunk can be subterranean with the leaf crown appearing to arise directly from the ground. The leaves are [[pinnate]] (or more rarely bipinnate) and arranged spirally, with thick and hard [[keratinose]]. The leaflets are articulated, have midrib but lack secondary veins. [[Megasporophyll]]s are not gathered in cones.
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==Cultivation==
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{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
  
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Often considered a [[living fossil]], the earliest [[fossil]]s of the genus ''Cycas'' appear in the [[Cenozoic]] although ''Cycas''-like fossils that may belong to Cycadaceae extend well into the [[Mesozoic]]. ''Cycas'' is not closely related to other genera of cycads, and phylogenetic studies have shown that Cycadaceae is the sister-group to all other extant cycads.
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===Propagation===
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{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
  
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The plant takes several years to grow,sexual reproduction takes place after 10 years of exclusive vegetative growth.
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===Pests and diseases===
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{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
  
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===Species===
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==Species==
 
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==References and external links==
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==Gallery==
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*[http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/PlantNet/cycad/cyckey.html Cycad Pages: ''Cycas'']
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
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*Singh, R., & Radha P. (2006). Cycas annaikalensis, A new species of Cycas from the Malabar Coast, Western Ghats, India. ''Brittonia'' 58 (2): 119-123.
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<gallery>
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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</gallery>
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==References==
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
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==External links==
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*{{wplink}}
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{{stub}}
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[[Category:Categorize]]
  
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[[Category:Cycads]]
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<!--  in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions!    -->
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[[Category:Plant families]]
 

Revision as of 00:08, 5 May 2009


Leaves and male cone of Cycas revoluta


Plant Characteristics
Origin: ✈ ?
Cultivation
Exposure: ☼ ?"?" is not in the list (sun, part-sun, shade, unknown) of allowed values for the "Exposure" property.
Water: ◍ ?"?" is not in the list (wet, moist, moderate, dry, less when dormant) of allowed values for the "Water" property.
Scientific Names

Cycadaceae >

Cycas >


Cycas is the type genus and the only genus currently recognised in the cycad family Cycadaceae.


Read about Cycas in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Cycadaceae (from the genus Cycas, the Greek name of a certain palm). Cycas Family. Fig. 4. More or less woody plants, with thick, unbranched, columnar or tuberous stem: leaves alternate, pinnate: stamens and carpels borne in cones or in temporarily terminal clusters: scales of the staminate cone bearing very many scattered anthers on the under side: the carpels open, not forming a closed ovary, either leaf-like pinnatifid and bearing marginal ovules, or peltate with 2 or more suspended ovules; the latter very large, often 1 inch long, orthotropous, with 1 integument, becoming drupe-like.

Cycadaceae has 9 genera and about 85 species, distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Zamia is the largest genus, with 30 species. The family stands isolated among the gymnosperms. The palm-like habit, pinnate leaves, very numerous scattered stamens, and, in Cycas, the leaf-like carpel, are distinctive. Differences more important to the morphologist are to be found in the embryology, especially in the fertilization by motile sperm-cells. The leaves are circinate when unfolding, like those of a fern. The Cycadaceae represent an ancient family far more numerous in past geologic ages. Many fossil species are known.

Various species of Cycas in the Moluccas and Japan, especially C. revoluta, yield a sago in the pithy part of the stem which the natives bake into bread. The Hottentots eat the pith of Encephalartos, making from it "Kafir bread.” The seeds of Cycas and Zamia are edible. The leaves of Cycas are used at funerals and church festivals as "palm branches."

Several genera are in cultivation in America for greenhouse use and outdoors in the South. These are Bowenia; Ceratozamia of Mexico; Cycas (Sago Palm) of the far East; Dioon of Mexico; Encephalartos of South Africa; Macrozamia of Australia; Stangeria of South Africa; Zamia (Coontie, Comptie) of tropical America.CH


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

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Propagation

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Pests and diseases

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Species

Gallery

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  • photo 2

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References

External links


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