Symphoricarpos
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 Symphoricarpos albus (Common Snowberry) | ||||||||||||
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| About 15 species; see text |
Symphoricarpos is a small genus of about 15 species of deciduous shrubs in the family Caprifoliaceae. All but one are natives of North America and Central America; the one remaining is from western China. Its common names in English are Snowberry and Waxberry. It is a member of the Honeysuckle Family, the Caprifoliaceae.
The leaves are 1.5–5 cm long, rounded, entire or with one or two lobes at the base. The flowers are small, greenish-white to pink, in small clusters of 5–15 together in most species, solitary or in pairs in some (e.g. S. microphyllus). The fruit are conspicuous, 1–2 cm in diameter, soft, varying from white (e.g. S. albus) to pink (S. microphyllus) to red (S. orbiculatus) and in one species (S. sinensis), blackish purple.
Common Snowberry (Symphoricarpos albus) is an important winter food source for quail, pheasant and grouse, but is considered poisonous to humans. The berries contain the isoquinoline alkaloid chelidonine, as well as other alkaloids. Ingesting the berries causes mild symptoms of vomiting, dizziness, and slight sedation in children.
- Selected species
- Symphoricarpos albus - Common Snowberry
- Symphoricarpos mexicanus - Mexican Snowberry
- Symphoricarpos microphyllus - Littleleaf Snowberry
- Symphoricarpos mollis - Creeping Snowberry
- Symphoricarpos occidentalis - Western Snowberry or Wolfberry
- Symphoricarpos orbiculatus - Coralberry
- Symphoricarpos oreophilus - Mountain Snowberry
- Symphoricarpos rotundifolius - Roundleaf Snowberry
- Symphoricarpos sinensis - Chinese Coralberry
Cultivation and uses
Common Snowberry is a popular ornamental shrub in gardens, grown for its decorative white fruit. There are two varieties, S. albus var. albus, native to eastern North America, and S. albus var. laevigatus native to the Pacific coast. The latter is a larger shrub, up to 2 m tall, and with slightly larger fruit; it is treated as a distinct species S. rivularis by some botanists.
References and external links
- Canadian Poisonous Plants Information System Notes on poisoning: thin-leaved snowberry
- Symphoricarpos orbiculatus images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu
Symphoricarpos albus flowers
Symphoricarpos orbiculatus fruits, mid-October
Symphoricarpos vulgaris . Drawn by Eersde Deel, 1813.
