| Lifespan: | ⌛ | perennial |
|---|---|---|
| Origin: | ✈ | Asia, NE Europe |
| Exposure: | ☼ | full sun"full sun" is not in the list (sun, part-sun, shade, unknown) of allowed values for the "Exposure" property. |
|---|---|---|
| Water: | ◍ | regular"regular" is not in the list (wet, moist, moderate, dry, less when dormant) of allowed values for the "Water" property. |
| Features: | ✓ | flowers |
| Sunset Zones: | see species |
There are about 160 species of Chrysanthemum, so the genus is very broad. Most of the ones we know are of the species C. morifolium, better known as Florists' Chrysanthemum. These bloom in autumn, are the most useful, with a rainbow of colors and flower forms, as well as growth habits. The flowers are good cut flowers as well. The Shasta Daisy (C. maximum) is another popular species that is a heavy summer and fall bloom of white flowers with gold centers, with varying flower forms. The number of cultivars is probably countless, and growing quickly. The following is a general breakout of the many types into groupings which will simplify how to care for them.
The species of Chrysanthemum are herbaceous perennial plants, with deeply lobed leaves and large flowerheads, white, yellow or pink in the wild species.
Garden Chrysanthemums
These have a bushy, branched habit. Clusters of flowerheads come in a large variety of colors. They are divided into two loose categories, garden types, which tend to the upright, and cushion, which is more of a mound. Flowers come over a long period, usually during early or midseason They are suitable for annual or herbaceous borders. C. segetum works well in wildflower gardens as well.
Exhibition Chrysanthemums
Disbudded
Non-disbudded
Rubellum Group Chrysanthemums
Perennials. Bushy and clumping. All are hybrids of C. rubellum (syn. Dendranthema zawadskii). Leaves are pinnatisect, frequently silvery. Flowerheads come in a range of colors, all with a yellow center. They may be single, semi-double or double. Flowers from late summer to early fall. Great as cut flowers, and in herbaceous borders.
Cultivation
Propagation
Plant seeds of plants in the charms and cascades groups of Chrysanthemums in late winter to spring at 55-61F (13-16 C). Rubellum group should be sown at the same temperatures in the spring, or by division in fall or early spring. In colder climates sow the seeds of annual types in a cold frame during early spring or in situ in spring to early summer, and in mild climates sow them in situ during autumn for them to bloom early early in the season the next year.
Exhibition types which are overwintered can be used to get basal cuttings - for those that are late flowering take the cuttings in early to mid-winter. All other types of Chrysanthemum cuttings can be taken early in spring. Root cuttings at 61F (16C) in a sandy potting mix, preferably soilless. Protect from cold, in cold frame if necessary. Maintain ventilation if possible. Hardening is possible beginning in mid-spring.
Pests and diseases
Susceptible to aphids, earwigs, nematodes, capsid bugs, leaf miners, whiteflies, fungal rot, gray mold (Botrytis), powdery mildew, white rust, and viruses. Viruses can result in puckering of the leaves, yellow marks or stunt the growth. Used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species — see list of Lepidoptera which feed on Chrysanthemum.
Species
The genus once included many more species, but has been split. The defining species, Chrysanthemum indicum, was also changed, then changed back after much controversy thereby restoring the economically important florist's chrysanthemum to the genus Chrysanthemum. These species were, after the splitting of the genus but before the ICBN ruling, commonly treated under the genus name Dendranthema.
The other species previously treated in the narrow view of the genus Chrysanthemum are now transferred to the genus Glebionis. The other genera split off from Chrysanthemum include Argyranthemum, Leucanthemopsis, Leucanthemum, Rhodanthemum, and Tanacetum.
About 160 species, including:
| Latin | Synonyms | Common names | USDA Zones | Sunset Zones |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chrysanthemum aphrodite | x | none | 0 | na |
| Chrysanthemum arcticum | Arctanthemum arcticum | none | 0 | 1-24, 32-45 |
| Chrysanthemum argyrophyllum | x | none | 0 | na |
| Chrysanthemum arisanense | x | none | 0 | na |
| Chrysanthemum balsamita | Tanacetum balsamita | Costmary | 0 | 2-24, 28-41 |
| Chrysanthemum boreale | x | none | 0 | na |
| Chrysanthemum chalchingolicum | x | none | 0 | na |
| Chrysanthemum carinatum | x | Summer Chrys., Tricolor Chrys. | 0 | All zones |
| Chrysanthemum chanetii | x | none | 0 | na |
| Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium | x | none | 0 | na |
| Chrysanthemum coccineum | Pyrethrum roseum, Tanacetum coccineum | Pyrethrum, Painted daisy | 0 | 2-24, 33-41 |
| Chrysanthemum coronarium | x | Crown daisy | 0 | All zones |
| Chrysanthemum crassum | x | none | 0 | na |
| Chrysanthemum frutescens | Argyranthemum frutescens | Marguerite, Paris Daisy | 0 | 14-24, 26, 28 |
| Chrysanthemum glabriusculum | x | none | 0 | na |
| Chrysanthemum hypargyrum | x | none | 0 | na |
| Chrysanthemum indicum | x | none | 0 | na |
| Chrysanthemum japonense | x | none | 0 | na |
| Chrysanthemum japonicum | x | none | 0 | na |
| Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium | x | none | 0 | na |
| Chrysanthemum leucanthemum | Leucanthemum vulgare | Ox-eye Daisy, Common Daisy | 0 | 1-24, 28-43 |
| Chrysanthemum mawii | x | none | 0 | na |
| Chrysanthemum maximowiczii | x | none | 0 | na |
| Chrysanthemum maximum | C. superbum, Leucanthemum maximum | Shasta Daisy | 0 | 1-24, 26, 28-43 |
| Chrysanthemum mongolicum | x | none | 0 | na |
| Chrysanthemum morifolium | Dendranthema grandiflorum | Florists' Chrysanthemum | 0 | 2-24, 26, 28-41 |
| Chrysanthemum morii | x | none | 0 | na |
| Chrysanthemum multicaule | Nipponanthemum nipponicum | none | 0 | 2-24, 29-41 |
| Chrysanthemum okiense | x | none | 0 | na |
| Chrysanthemum oreastrum | x | none | 0 | na |
| Chrysanthemum ornatum | x | none | 0 | na |
| Chrysanthemum pacificum | Pyrethrum marginatum, Dendranthema pacificum | Gold and Silver Chrys. | 0 | 2-24, 28-41 |
| Chrysanthemum paludosum | Leucanthemum paludosum | none | 0 | All (annual) |
| Chrysanthemum parthenium | Tanacetum parthenium | Feverfew | 0 | 1-24, 28-45 |
| Chrysanthemum potentilloides | x | none | 0 | na |
| Chrysanthemum ptarmiciflorum | Tanacetum ptarmiciflorum | Dusty Miller, Silver Lace | 0 | 16, 17, 19-24 (all as annual) |
| Chrysanthemum rubellum | Dendranthema zawadskii | none | 0 | 1-24, 28-43 |
| Chrysanthemum segetum | x | none | 0 | na |
| Chrysanthemum serotinum | C. uliginosum | none | 0 | 2-9, 14, 28-43 |
| Chrysanthemum shiwogiku | x | none | 0 | na |
| Chrysanthemum sinuatum | x | none | 0 | na |
| Chrysanthemum vestitum | x | none | 0 | na |
| Chrysanthemum weyrichii | Dendranthema weyrichii | none | 0 | 2-6, 32, 34-41 |
| Chrysanthemum yoshinaganthum | x | none | 0 | na |
| Chrysanthemum zawadskii | x | none | 0 | na |
Gallery
A cluster of chrysanthemums
A cluster of chrysanthemums
References
- w:Chrysanthemum. Some of the material on this page may be from Wikipedia, under the Creative Commons license.
- Chrysanthemum QR Code (Size 50, 100, 200, 500)