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{{SPlantbox
{{SPlantbox
|familia=Magnoliaceae
|genus=Magnolia
|genus=Magnolia
|species=grandiflora
|species=grandiflora
|Min ht metric=cm
|common_name=Southern magnolia, bull bay
|name_ref=Wikipedia
|habit=tree
|habit_ref=Complete Landscaping - ISBN 9780376009272
|lifespan=perennial
|life_ref=Complete Landscaping - ISBN 9780376009272
|exposure=sun
|features=evergreen
|Temp Metric=°F
|Temp Metric=°F
|jumpin=This is the plant information box - for information on light; water; zones; height; etc. If it is mostly empty you can help grow this page by clicking on the edit tab and filling in the blanks!
|min_zone=6
|image=Upload.png
|usda_ref=Complete Landscaping - ISBN 9780376009272
|max_zone=9.5
|image=Magnolia flower Duke campus.jpg
|image_width=240
|image_width=240
}}
}}
'''''Magnolia grandiflora''''', commonly known as the '''Southern magnolia''' or '''bull bay''', is a tree of the family [[Magnoliaceae]] native to the [[Southeastern United States|southeastern]] [[United States]], from coastal [[Virginia]] south to central [[Florida]], and west to eastern [[Texas]] and [[Oklahoma]]. Reaching 27.5 m (90 ft) in height, it is a large striking evergreen tree with large dark green leaves and large white fragrant flowers. Widely cultivated around the world, over a hundred [[cultivar]]s have been bred and marketed commercially. The timber is hard and heavy, and has been used commercially to make furniture, pallets, and veneer.
Magnolia grandiflora, Linn. (M.foetida, Sarg.). Bull Bay. Tall evergreen tree, to 80 ft., of pyramidal habit: branchlets and buds rusty-pubescent: lvs. thick and firm, oblong to obovate, glossy above, ferrugineous-pubescent beneath, sometimes glabrous at length, 5-8 in. long: fls. white, fragrant, 7-8 in. across; sepals large, petaloid; petals 6-12, obovate; stamens purple: fr. oval or ovate, rusty brown and pubescent, 3-4 in. long. May- Aug. N. C. to Tex. S.S. 1:1, 2. Gn. 22, p. 28; 24, pp. 509, 511; 33, p. 538. J.H. III. 52:237. G. 2:567; 9:225; 19:153; 36:187. G.W. 3, p. 377. F.E. 17:788, p. 781. Var. angustifolia, Loud. (var. salicifolia, Hort.). Lvs. lanceolate, wavy. Var. lanceolata, Ait. Lvs. oblong- lanceolate or oblong-elliptic, less rusty beneath. B.M. 1952. L.B.C. 9:814. There are many other named varieties, as: var. gloriosa, Hort., with fls. to 14 in. across and broad lvs.; var. rotundifolia, Hort., with very dark green roundish lvs.; var. praecox, Hort., early flowering; var. obovata, Nichols., with obovate-oblong lvs.; var. Kathariniana, Bedelian, with very broad lvs. and smaller fls. with narrower petals; var. galissoniensis, Hort., one of the hardiest forms; var. Pravertiana, Hort., of stubby pyramidal habit; var. exoniensis, Loud, (var. stricta, Hort. M. oxoniensis; Hort.), of vigorous growth and narrow pyramidal habit: lvs. oblong-elliptic, usually rusty beneath: fls. somewhat contracted. Blooms early and freely.
''Magnolia grandiflora'' is a medium to large [[evergreen]] tree which may grow 27.5 m (90 ft) tall.<ref name=Gardiner144>Gardiner, p. 144</ref> It typically has a single stem (or trunk) and a [[Pyramid (geometry)|pyramidal]] shape.<ref name="trees_for_architecture_and_landscape_a01">{{Cite book | last1 = Zion | first1 = Robert L. | title = Trees for architecture and landscape | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=aaKTWJG4-iQC&pg=PA224&| year = 1995 | publisher = Van Nostrand Reinhold | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-471-28524-3 | page = 224 }}</ref> The [[leaf|leaves]] are simple and broadly ovate, 12–20 cm (5–8 in) long and 6–12 cm (2–5 in) broad,<ref name="trees_for_architecture_and_landscape_a01"/> with smooth margins. They are dark green, stiff and leathery, and often scurfy underneath with yellow-brown [[Leaf#Surface of the leaf|pubescence]]. The large, showy, [[citronella]]-scented [[flower]]s are white, up to 30 cm (12 in) across and fragrant, with 6–12 petals with a waxy texture, emerging from the tips of twigs on mature trees in late spring. Flowering is followed by the rose-coloured fruit, ovoid and 7.5–10 cm (3–4 in) long and 3–5 cm (1.5–2 in) wide.<ref name="Maisenhelder70"/>
==Cultivation==
==Cultivation==
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==Species==
==Varieties==
<!-- This section should be renamed Cultivars if it appears on a page for a species (rather than genus), or perhaps Varieties if there is a mix of cultivars, species, hybrids, etc -->
Over a hundred cultivars have been developed and named in Europe and North America. More and more plants in nurseries are propagated by cuttings, resulting in more consistent form in the various varieties available.<ref name=Gardiner145>Gardiner, p. 145</ref> Many older cultivars have been superseded by newer ones and are no longer available.<ref name=Call100>Callaway, p. 100</ref>
As newer cultivars have been found to be more cold hardy, the cultivated range has continued to spread farther north with some being planted around Chicago. 'Bracken's Brown Beauty', [http://www.archiplanet.org/wiki/House_that_Lives%2C_The#Discussion 'Edith Bogue'] and '24 Below' are some of the most cold hardy varieties.
*'''''Magnolia'' "Angustifolia"''', developed in France in 1825, has narrow spear-shaped leaves 20 cm (8 in) long by 11 cm (4.4 in) wide, as its name suggests.<ref name=Gardiner145/>
*'''''Magnolia'' "Exmouth"''' was developed in the early 18th century by John Colliton in Devon. It is notable for its huge flowers with up to 20 tepals, and vigorous growth. Erect in habit, it is often planted against walls. The leaves are green above and brownish underneath.<ref name=Gardiner147>Gardiner, p. 147</ref> The flowers are very fragrant and the leaves are narrow and leathery.<ref name="the_american_horticultural">{{Cite book | last1 = Brickell | first1 = Christopher | title = The American Horticultural Society encyclopedia of garden plants | year = 1989 | publisher = Macmillan | location = New York | isbn = 0-02-557920-7 | pages = 51 }}</ref>
*'''''Magnolia'' "Goliath"''', was developed by Caledonia Nurseries of Guernsey, and has a bushier habit and globular flowers of up to 30 cm (12 in) diameter. Long-flowering, it has oval leaves which lack the brownish hair underneath.<ref name=Gardiner147/>
*'''''Magnolia'' "Little Gem"''', a dwarf cultivar, is grown in warmer climates. Originally developed in 1952 by Steed's Nursery in [[Candor, North Carolina]], it is a slower growing form with a columnar shape which reaches around 4.25 m (14 ft) high and 1.2 m (4 ft) wide. Flowering heavily over an extended period in warmer climate, it bears medium-size cup-shaped flowers, and has elliptic leaves 12.5 cm (5 in) long by 5 cm (2 in) wide.<ref name=Gardiner147/>
Other commonly grow cultivars include:
*'''''Magnolia'' "Ferruginea"''', has dark green leaves with rust-brown undersides.<ref name="the_american_horticultural"/>
==Gallery==
==Gallery==
<gallery perrow=5>
<gallery perrow=5>
Image:Upload.png| photo 1
Image:Magnolia grandiflora 2004.jpg|''Magnolia grandiflora'' (Southern magnolia) – a large tree at [[Hemingway, South Carolina]]
Image:Upload.png| photo 2
Image:Magnolia grandiflora4.jpg|Bark on trunk
Image:Upload.png| photo 3
Image:Magnolia grandiflora3.jpg|Southern Magnolia foliage and flower
Image:Southern_Magnolia_Leaf_Cluster_3008px.jpg|A cluster of leaves
Image:2007_06_29_magnolia40.jpg|Before the Opening Act
Image:2007_06_29_magnolia25.jpg|Inside the Flower
Image:Magnoliatree.jpg|Seed cluster of ''Magnolia grandiflora''
</gallery>
</gallery>