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{{Redirect|Hortensia}}
{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Hydrangea''
| image = Light mauve hydrangea.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = ''Hydrangea macrophylla''
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Cornales]]
| familia = [[Hydrangeaceae]]
| genus = '''''Hydrangea'''''
| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
See text
}}
'''''Hydrangea''''' ({{pronEng|haɪˈdreɪndʒ(i)ə}}, common names '''Hydrangea''' and '''Hortensia''') is a genus of about 70-75 species of [[flowering plant]]s native to southern and eastern [[Asia]] (from [[Japan]] to [[China]], the [[Himalaya]] and [[Indonesia]]) and [[North America|North]] and [[South America]]. The flowers are extremely common in the [[Azores]] Islands of [[Portugal]], particularly on [[Faial Island]], which is known as the "blue island" due to the vast number of hydrangeas present on the island. By far the greatest species diversity is in eastern Asia, notably China and Japan (See: Japanese [[Ajisai flower]]). Most are [[shrub]]s 1-3 m tall, but some are small [[tree]]s, and others [[liana]]s reaching up to 30 m by climbing up trees. They can be either [[deciduous]] or [[evergreen]], though the widely cultivated temperate species are all deciduous.
Hydrangea [[flower]]s are produced from early [[Spring (season)|spring]] to late [[autumn]]; they grow in flowerheads ([[corymb]]s or [[panicle]]s) at the ends of the stems. In many species, the flowerheads contain two types of flowers, small fertile flowers in the middle of the flowerhead, and large, sterile bract-like flowers in a ring around the edge of each flowerhead. Other species have all the flowers fertile and of the same size.
In most species the flowers are [[white]], but in some species (notably ''H. macrophylla''), can be blue, red, pink, or purple. In these species the exact colour often depends on the [[pH]] of the soil; [[acid]]ic soils produce blue flowers, neutral soils produce very pale cream petals, and [[alkaline]] soils results in pink or purple. Hydrangeas are one of very few plants that accumulate [[aluminium]]. Aluminium is released from acidic soils, and in some species, forms complexes in the hydrangea flower giving them their blue colour.
Species in the related genus ''[[Schizophragma]]'', also in Hydrangeaceae, are also often known as hydrangeas. ''[[Schizophragma hydrangeoides]]'' and ''[[Hydrangea petiolaris]]'' are both commonly known as climbing hydrangeas.
== Partial list of species ==
[[Image:Single hydrangea flower.jpg|right|thumb|240px|''Hydrangea sp'', fertile individual flower.]]
[[Image:Hydrangea flowers dead in winter.jpg|right|240px|thumb|''Hydrangea'', flowers in winter.]]
[[Image:hydrangea.watermouth.arp.750pix.jpg|240px|thumb|right|''H. macrophylla'', Watermouth Castle, north Devon, England]]
[[Image:Hydrangea-round-petal-flower.jpg|240px|thumb|right|closeup of petals]]
[[Image:Hydrangeas_corner.JPG|240px|thumb|right|Hydrangeas in front of the Office de Tourisme Building in Chartres, France.]]
*''[[Hydrangea anomala]]'' (Climbing Hydrangea). Himalaya, southwest China.
*''[[Hydrangea arborescens]]'' (Smooth Hydrangea). Eastern North America.
*''[[Hydrangea aspera]]''. China, Himalaya.
*''[[Hydrangea bretschneideri]]''. China.
*''[[Hydrangea candida]]''. China.
*''[[Hydrangea caudatifolia]]''. China.
*''[[Hydrangea chinensis]]''. China.
*''[[Hydrangea chungii]]''. China.
*''[[Hydrangea cinerea]]'' (Ashy Hydrangea). Eastern United States.
*''[[Hydrangea coacta]]''. China.
*''[[Hydrangea coenobialis]]''. China.
*''[[Hydrangea davidii]]''. China.
*''[[Hydrangea dumicola]]''. China.
*''[[Hydrangea gracilis]]''. China.
*''[[Hydrangea heteromalla]]''. Himalaya, west and north China.
*''[[Hydrangea hirta]]''. Japan.
*''[[Hydrangea hypoglauca]]''. China.
*''[[Hydrangea integrifolia]]''. China.
*''[[Hydrangea involucrata]]''. Japan, Taiwan.
*''[[Hydrangea kawakamii]]''. Taiwan.
*''[[Hydrangea kwangsiensis]]''. China.
*''[[Hydrangea kwangtungensis]]''. China.
*''[[Hydrangea lingii]]''. China.
*''[[Hydrangea linkweiensis]]''. China.
*''[[Hydrangea longifolia]]''. China.
*''[[Hydrangea longipes]]''. Western China.
*''[[Hydrangea macrocarpa]]''. China.
*''[[Hydrangea macrophylla]]'' (Bigleaf Hydrangea). Korea, Southern Japan.
*''[[Hydrangea mangshanensis]]''. China.
*''[[Hydrangea paniculata]]'' (Panicled Hydrangea). Eastern China, Korea, Japan, Sakhalin.
*''[[Hydrangea petiolaris]]'' (Climbing Hydrangea). Japan, Korea, Sakhalin.
*''[[Hydrangea quercifolia]]'' (Oakleaf Hydrangea). Southeast United States.
*''[[Hydrangea radiata]]'' (Silverleaf Hydrangea). Southeast United States.
*''[[Hydrangea robusta]]''. China, Himalaya.
*''[[Hydrangea sargentiana]]''. Western China.
*''[[Hydrangea scandens]]''. Southern Japan south to the Philippines.
*''[[Hydrangea serrata]]''. Japan, Korea.
*''[[Hydrangea serratifolia]]''. Chile, western Argentina.
*''[[Hydrangea stenophylla]]''. China.
*''[[Hydrangea strigosa]]''. China.
*''[[Hydrangea stylosa]]''. China.
*''[[Hydrangea sungpanensis]]''. China.
*''[[Hydrangea xanthoneura]]''. China.
*''[[Hydrangea zhewanensis]]''. China.
==Cultivation and uses==
Hydrangeas are popular [[ornamental plant]]s, grown for their large flowerheads, with ''[[Hydrangea macrophylla]]'' being by far the most widely grown with over 600 named [[cultivar]]s, many selected to have only large sterile flowers in the flowerheads. Some are best pruned on an annual basis when the new leaf buds begin to appear. If not pruned regularly, the bush will become very 'leggy', growing upwards until the weight of the stems is greater than their strength, at which point the stems will sag down to the ground and possibly break. Other species only flower on 'old wood'. Thus new wood resulting from pruning will not produce flowers until the following season.
Hydrangeas are moderately toxic if eaten, with all parts of the plant containing [[cyanogenic glycoside]]s. However, poisoning is rare, as the plant does not look like an enticing food source.
In [[Korean tea]], ''[[Hydrangea serrata]]'' ([[Hangul]]:산수국 [[Hanja]]:{{linktext|山|水|菊}}) is used for an [[herbal tea]] called ilsulcha (이슬차).
[[Hydrangea paniculata]] is sometimes smoked to produce [[cannabis]]-like effects. <ref>http://www.erowid.org/herbs/hydrangea/hydrangea.shtml</ref>
<gallery>
Image:Hydrangea-heads-pale.png|''Hydrangea macrophylla'', flowers.
Image:Blue Hydrangea.jpg|''Hydrangea macrophylla'', flowers
Image:hydrangea_redoute.JPG|''Hydrangea sp''. painted by the botanical artist [[Redouté]]
Image:Hydrangea quericifolia2.jpg|''Hydrangea quercifolia''
Image:Hydrangea leaves.jpg|''Hydrangea macrophylla'', leaves
Image:Wild hydrangea var annabelle.jpg|Wild Hydrangea v. Annabelle</br>''Hydrangea arborescens''
Image:Hydrangea_arborescens.jpg|Wild Hydrangea v. Annabelle</br>''Hydrangea arborescens''
Image:Hydrangea-aspera-zoo-cgn-07074-mutante.jpg|''Hydrangea aspera ssp. sargentiana''
</gallery>
==Diseases==
{{Main|List of hydrangea diseases}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
<sup>1</sup> http://www.erowid.org/herbs/hydrangea/hydrangea.shtml
==External links==
{{commons|Hydrangea}}
*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=115977 Flora of China: ''Hydrangea'']
*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=110&taxon_id=115977 Flora of Nepal: ''Hydrangea'' species list]
*[http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=HYDRA USDA Plant Profile: ''Hydrangea'']
*[http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/species/frame/hyar.htm ''Hydrangea arborescens'' images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu]
*[http://www.urbanext.uiuc.edu/shrubselector/search_results.cfm?q=hydrangea Hydrangea - Selecting Shrubs for Your Home] (University of Illinois Extension)
*[http://lakecounty.typepad.com/life_in_lake_county/2007/07/hydrangea-thoug.html Hydrangea Thoughts I] - Informative but non-scholarly essay on Hydrangea (Culture, History and Etymology).
* [http://www.botanik.de/mendel/image-galleries/blumen/hortensien Hydrangea species and hybrids]
* [http://www.denolf.com/gen.php?reqNr=7&sReqNr=2&lang=EN ''Endless Summer: a perpetual-flowering big-leaf Hydrangea'']
[[Category:Cornales]]
[[Category:Flowers]]
{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Hydrangea''
| image = Light mauve hydrangea.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = ''Hydrangea macrophylla''
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Cornales]]
| familia = [[Hydrangeaceae]]
| genus = '''''Hydrangea'''''
| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
See text
}}
'''''Hydrangea''''' ({{pronEng|haɪˈdreɪndʒ(i)ə}}, common names '''Hydrangea''' and '''Hortensia''') is a genus of about 70-75 species of [[flowering plant]]s native to southern and eastern [[Asia]] (from [[Japan]] to [[China]], the [[Himalaya]] and [[Indonesia]]) and [[North America|North]] and [[South America]]. The flowers are extremely common in the [[Azores]] Islands of [[Portugal]], particularly on [[Faial Island]], which is known as the "blue island" due to the vast number of hydrangeas present on the island. By far the greatest species diversity is in eastern Asia, notably China and Japan (See: Japanese [[Ajisai flower]]). Most are [[shrub]]s 1-3 m tall, but some are small [[tree]]s, and others [[liana]]s reaching up to 30 m by climbing up trees. They can be either [[deciduous]] or [[evergreen]], though the widely cultivated temperate species are all deciduous.
Hydrangea [[flower]]s are produced from early [[Spring (season)|spring]] to late [[autumn]]; they grow in flowerheads ([[corymb]]s or [[panicle]]s) at the ends of the stems. In many species, the flowerheads contain two types of flowers, small fertile flowers in the middle of the flowerhead, and large, sterile bract-like flowers in a ring around the edge of each flowerhead. Other species have all the flowers fertile and of the same size.
In most species the flowers are [[white]], but in some species (notably ''H. macrophylla''), can be blue, red, pink, or purple. In these species the exact colour often depends on the [[pH]] of the soil; [[acid]]ic soils produce blue flowers, neutral soils produce very pale cream petals, and [[alkaline]] soils results in pink or purple. Hydrangeas are one of very few plants that accumulate [[aluminium]]. Aluminium is released from acidic soils, and in some species, forms complexes in the hydrangea flower giving them their blue colour.
Species in the related genus ''[[Schizophragma]]'', also in Hydrangeaceae, are also often known as hydrangeas. ''[[Schizophragma hydrangeoides]]'' and ''[[Hydrangea petiolaris]]'' are both commonly known as climbing hydrangeas.
== Partial list of species ==
[[Image:Single hydrangea flower.jpg|right|thumb|240px|''Hydrangea sp'', fertile individual flower.]]
[[Image:Hydrangea flowers dead in winter.jpg|right|240px|thumb|''Hydrangea'', flowers in winter.]]
[[Image:hydrangea.watermouth.arp.750pix.jpg|240px|thumb|right|''H. macrophylla'', Watermouth Castle, north Devon, England]]
[[Image:Hydrangea-round-petal-flower.jpg|240px|thumb|right|closeup of petals]]
[[Image:Hydrangeas_corner.JPG|240px|thumb|right|Hydrangeas in front of the Office de Tourisme Building in Chartres, France.]]
*''[[Hydrangea anomala]]'' (Climbing Hydrangea). Himalaya, southwest China.
*''[[Hydrangea arborescens]]'' (Smooth Hydrangea). Eastern North America.
*''[[Hydrangea aspera]]''. China, Himalaya.
*''[[Hydrangea bretschneideri]]''. China.
*''[[Hydrangea candida]]''. China.
*''[[Hydrangea caudatifolia]]''. China.
*''[[Hydrangea chinensis]]''. China.
*''[[Hydrangea chungii]]''. China.
*''[[Hydrangea cinerea]]'' (Ashy Hydrangea). Eastern United States.
*''[[Hydrangea coacta]]''. China.
*''[[Hydrangea coenobialis]]''. China.
*''[[Hydrangea davidii]]''. China.
*''[[Hydrangea dumicola]]''. China.
*''[[Hydrangea gracilis]]''. China.
*''[[Hydrangea heteromalla]]''. Himalaya, west and north China.
*''[[Hydrangea hirta]]''. Japan.
*''[[Hydrangea hypoglauca]]''. China.
*''[[Hydrangea integrifolia]]''. China.
*''[[Hydrangea involucrata]]''. Japan, Taiwan.
*''[[Hydrangea kawakamii]]''. Taiwan.
*''[[Hydrangea kwangsiensis]]''. China.
*''[[Hydrangea kwangtungensis]]''. China.
*''[[Hydrangea lingii]]''. China.
*''[[Hydrangea linkweiensis]]''. China.
*''[[Hydrangea longifolia]]''. China.
*''[[Hydrangea longipes]]''. Western China.
*''[[Hydrangea macrocarpa]]''. China.
*''[[Hydrangea macrophylla]]'' (Bigleaf Hydrangea). Korea, Southern Japan.
*''[[Hydrangea mangshanensis]]''. China.
*''[[Hydrangea paniculata]]'' (Panicled Hydrangea). Eastern China, Korea, Japan, Sakhalin.
*''[[Hydrangea petiolaris]]'' (Climbing Hydrangea). Japan, Korea, Sakhalin.
*''[[Hydrangea quercifolia]]'' (Oakleaf Hydrangea). Southeast United States.
*''[[Hydrangea radiata]]'' (Silverleaf Hydrangea). Southeast United States.
*''[[Hydrangea robusta]]''. China, Himalaya.
*''[[Hydrangea sargentiana]]''. Western China.
*''[[Hydrangea scandens]]''. Southern Japan south to the Philippines.
*''[[Hydrangea serrata]]''. Japan, Korea.
*''[[Hydrangea serratifolia]]''. Chile, western Argentina.
*''[[Hydrangea stenophylla]]''. China.
*''[[Hydrangea strigosa]]''. China.
*''[[Hydrangea stylosa]]''. China.
*''[[Hydrangea sungpanensis]]''. China.
*''[[Hydrangea xanthoneura]]''. China.
*''[[Hydrangea zhewanensis]]''. China.
==Cultivation and uses==
Hydrangeas are popular [[ornamental plant]]s, grown for their large flowerheads, with ''[[Hydrangea macrophylla]]'' being by far the most widely grown with over 600 named [[cultivar]]s, many selected to have only large sterile flowers in the flowerheads. Some are best pruned on an annual basis when the new leaf buds begin to appear. If not pruned regularly, the bush will become very 'leggy', growing upwards until the weight of the stems is greater than their strength, at which point the stems will sag down to the ground and possibly break. Other species only flower on 'old wood'. Thus new wood resulting from pruning will not produce flowers until the following season.
Hydrangeas are moderately toxic if eaten, with all parts of the plant containing [[cyanogenic glycoside]]s. However, poisoning is rare, as the plant does not look like an enticing food source.
In [[Korean tea]], ''[[Hydrangea serrata]]'' ([[Hangul]]:산수국 [[Hanja]]:{{linktext|山|水|菊}}) is used for an [[herbal tea]] called ilsulcha (이슬차).
[[Hydrangea paniculata]] is sometimes smoked to produce [[cannabis]]-like effects. <ref>http://www.erowid.org/herbs/hydrangea/hydrangea.shtml</ref>
<gallery>
Image:Hydrangea-heads-pale.png|''Hydrangea macrophylla'', flowers.
Image:Blue Hydrangea.jpg|''Hydrangea macrophylla'', flowers
Image:hydrangea_redoute.JPG|''Hydrangea sp''. painted by the botanical artist [[Redouté]]
Image:Hydrangea quericifolia2.jpg|''Hydrangea quercifolia''
Image:Hydrangea leaves.jpg|''Hydrangea macrophylla'', leaves
Image:Wild hydrangea var annabelle.jpg|Wild Hydrangea v. Annabelle</br>''Hydrangea arborescens''
Image:Hydrangea_arborescens.jpg|Wild Hydrangea v. Annabelle</br>''Hydrangea arborescens''
Image:Hydrangea-aspera-zoo-cgn-07074-mutante.jpg|''Hydrangea aspera ssp. sargentiana''
</gallery>
==Diseases==
{{Main|List of hydrangea diseases}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
<sup>1</sup> http://www.erowid.org/herbs/hydrangea/hydrangea.shtml
==External links==
{{commons|Hydrangea}}
*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=115977 Flora of China: ''Hydrangea'']
*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=110&taxon_id=115977 Flora of Nepal: ''Hydrangea'' species list]
*[http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=HYDRA USDA Plant Profile: ''Hydrangea'']
*[http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/species/frame/hyar.htm ''Hydrangea arborescens'' images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu]
*[http://www.urbanext.uiuc.edu/shrubselector/search_results.cfm?q=hydrangea Hydrangea - Selecting Shrubs for Your Home] (University of Illinois Extension)
*[http://lakecounty.typepad.com/life_in_lake_county/2007/07/hydrangea-thoug.html Hydrangea Thoughts I] - Informative but non-scholarly essay on Hydrangea (Culture, History and Etymology).
* [http://www.botanik.de/mendel/image-galleries/blumen/hortensien Hydrangea species and hybrids]
* [http://www.denolf.com/gen.php?reqNr=7&sReqNr=2&lang=EN ''Endless Summer: a perpetual-flowering big-leaf Hydrangea'']
[[Category:Cornales]]
[[Category:Flowers]]