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Zantedeschia (view source)

Revision as of 06:36, 2 March 2009

2,354 bytes removed ,  06:36, 2 March 2009
flora
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{{Taxobox
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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
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| color = lightgreen
   
| name = ''Zantedeschia''
 
| name = ''Zantedeschia''
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| common_names = Calla lily
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| growth_habit = rhizome
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| high =    <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
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| wide =    <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
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| origin = S Africa
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| poisonous = all parts
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| lifespan = perennial
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| exposure = full to part-sun
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| water = moist
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| features =    <!--- flowers, fragrance, naturalizes, invasive -->
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| hardiness =    <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5[[Celsius|°C]], etc -->
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| bloom =    <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
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| usda_zones =    <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
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| sunset_zones =    <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
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| color = IndianRed
 
| image = Zantedeschia - Calla Lilly2.jpg
 
| image = Zantedeschia - Calla Lilly2.jpg
 
| image_width = 240px
 
| image_width = 240px
 
| image_caption = ''[[Zantedeschia elliottiana]]''
 
| image_caption = ''[[Zantedeschia elliottiana]]''
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| regnum = Plantae
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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| divisio = Magnoliophyta
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| classis = [[Liliopsida]]
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| classis = Liliopsida
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| ordo = [[Alismatales]]
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| ordo = Alismatales
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| familia = [[Araceae]]
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| familia = Araceae
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| genus = '''''Zantedeschia'''''
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| genus = Zantedeschia
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| genus_authority = [[Karl Koch (botanist)|K.Koch]]
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| subdivision_ranks = Species
   
}}
 
}}
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[[Image:Zantedeschia - Calla Lilly1.jpg|right|thumb|240px|''Zantedeschia elliottiana'' sp.]]
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Rhizome-rooted.
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[[Image:Calla lily.jpg|left|thumb|180px|''Zantedeschia aethiopica'']]
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perennials.
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'''''Zantedeschia''''' is a genus of twenty-eight species of [[herbaceous]] [[flowering plant]]s in the family [[Araceae]], native to southern [[Africa]] from [[South Africa]] north to [[Malawi]]. The name of the genus was given as a tribute to Italian botanist [[Giovanni Zantedeschi]] ([[1773]]-[[1846]]) by the German botanist [[Kurt Sprengel]] ([[1766]] - [[1833]]). Common names include '''Arum lily''' for ''Z. aethiopica'', '''calla''', and '''calla lily''' for ''Z. elliottiana'' and ''Z. rehmannii'' although it is neither a true [[lily]] ([[Liliaceae]]), nor ''[[Arum]]'' or ''[[Calla]]'' (related genera in [[Araceae]]). It is also often erroneously spelled as "cala lily". It has often been used in many paintings, and is visible in many of Diego Rivera's works of art (see The Flower Vendor, amongst others).  
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large leaves.
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upward-facing leaves.
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elongated heart-shaped leaves.
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leaves taper to a long drip-tip.
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leaves may be specked with translucent spots.
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funnel-shaped flower spathe tapers to a drip-tip.  
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The spadix can be enveloped in the spathe or may protrude slightly.  
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White calla is known best, but there are many colors in cultivation.
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Leaves and flowers top strong stalks.  
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The ''Zantedeschia'' are [[rhizome|rhizomatous]] [[herbaceous]] [[perennial plant]]s growing to 1-2.5 m tall with [[leaf|leaves]] 15-45 cm long. The inflorescence is a showy white, yellow or pink spathe shaped like a funnel with a yellow, central, finger-like spadix.<ref>Botanicas Annuals & Perennils, Random House, Sydney, 2005, ISBN 0091838096 pp. 938</ref>
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==Cultivation==
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{{monthbox
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| color = IndianRed
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| name = <!--- type name of plant just to the right of the equal sign on the left -->
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}}
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In the garden, callas can take moderate frost. In cold winters the foliage will fall off, in milder conditions it may be retained. Some species like damp almost boggy conditions best, but the majority will grow in full to part-sun in any soil that does not dry out completely.
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The ''Zantedeschia'' species are very poisonous, capable of killing livestock and children. "All parts of the plant are toxic, and produce irritation and swelling of the mouth and throat, acute vomiting and diarrhoea." <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.esc.nsw.gov.au/Weeds/Sheets/herbs/H%20Arum%20lily.htm |title=Arum or calla lily (Zantedeschia aethiopica ) |accessdate=2007-11-18 |author=Miles, Jackie |date=2002-09-12 |work=South Coast Weeds |publisher=Eurobodalla Shire Council}}</ref>
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===Propagation===
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From division or basal offsets or seed.
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===Pests and diseases===
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{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
    
== Species ==
 
== Species ==
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*''[[Zantedeschia aethiopica]]'' - giant white arum lily or common arum lily
 
*''[[Zantedeschia aethiopica]]'' - giant white arum lily or common arum lily
 
*''[[Zantedeschia odorata]]''
 
*''[[Zantedeschia odorata]]''
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*''[[Zantedeschia rehmannii]]'' - pink arum lily
 
*''[[Zantedeschia rehmannii]]'' - pink arum lily
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== Cultivation ==
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===Hybrid Cultivars===
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All species are endemic to southern Africa. ''Z. aethiopica'' grows naturally in marshy areas and is only [[deciduous]] when water becomes scarce. It grows continuously when watered and fed regularly and can survive periods of minor frosts. ''Z. aethiopica'' is a very strong and sturdy plant, being able to grow in many soils and habitats, multiplying by rhizome-offsets; it is naturalised and regarded as a weed throughout much of the world. ''Z. odorata'' is a rare species, resembling ''Z. aethiopica'', but deciduous and smelling like [[freesia]], endemic to a few localities in South Africa. ''Z. albomaculata'' is a widespread and variable species, growing from South Africa north to [[Kenya]], varying in shades of white to cream and pink to orange-shades. ''Z. elliotiana'' is known from horticultural sources only and is probably of hybrid origin. ''Z. jucunda'' and ''Z. pentlandii'' are rare species with beautiful large yellow showy flowers. ''Z. rehmannii'' is a  pink-flowered species with sword shaped leaves.  
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Crosses of most of the smaller species, these hybrids tend to be very compact. Leaves have white spots, and flower stems are sturdy with showy spathes.
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All zantedeschias produce large, showy flowers [[spadix|spathes]] and are often grown both as [[ornamental plant]]s and for cut flowers.  
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*''''Flame'''' - , 24 in (60 cm), yellow spathes with red flecks.  yellow deepens with time;  Zones 9-11.
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*''''Hercules'''' - 6 ft (1.8 m), huge, white to quite pale pink spathes;  Zones 9-11.
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*''''Kiwi Blush'''' - 30 in (75 cm), have white spathes which are heavily flushed pink; Zones 9-11.
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*''''Scarlet Pimpernel'''' -  18-24 in (45-60 cm), spathes are bright. Zones 9-11.  
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''Zantedeschia'' are hardy plants, but some are more winter-hardy than others. The white ''Zantedeschia aethiopica'' and some of its relatives can survive at minimum winter temperatures below -23 °C ([[United States Department of Agriculture|USDA]] [[USDA_Plant_Hardiness_Zones|Zone 6]]) and many others can be grown in even warmer areas where all the ground does not freeze ([[United States Department of Agriculture|USDA]] [[USDA_Plant_Hardiness_Zones|Zone 7]]).  Some species are less hardy and can only survive winter temperatures to -12 °C ([[USDA_Plant_Hardiness_Zones|Zones 8]]). This plant must be grown as tender [[bulb]]s or [[houseplant]]s in cooler areas.
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==Gallery==
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<gallery>
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Image:Zantedeschia - Calla Lilly1.jpg|''Zantedeschia elliottiana'' sp.
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Image:Calla lily.jpg|''Zantedeschia aethiopica''
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</gallery>
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In [[Southwest Australia| the South-West of Western Australia]], ''Z. aethiopica'' was introduced for horticulture.  It has become a widespread and conspicuous weed of watercourses, heath, and wetter pastures.
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==References==
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*Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381
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The so-called white calla is derived from ''Z. aethiopica''. All varieties with flowers with shades of yellow, orange, red, purple are mainly derived from ''Z. albomaculata'', ''Z. pentlandii'' and ''Z. rehmanni''.
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<!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
    
==External links==
 
==External links==
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{{commons|Zantedeschia|Zantedeschia}}
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*{{wplink}}
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* [http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantwxyz/zantedeschaeth.htm PlantZAfrica page on Zantedeschia]
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* http://www.botany.com/zantedeschia.html
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* http://www.ext.vt.edu/departments/envirohort/factsheets/cut/callali.html
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* http://florawww.eeb.uconn.edu/acc_num/198500186.html
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* http://www.goldenstatebulb.com/pages/callapics1.html
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* Snijder, R.C. 2004. Genetics of Erwinia resistance in Zantedeschia: impact of plastome-genome incompatibility. PhD thesis Wageningen University. ISBN 90-5808-975-4 - p. 112. full-text copy: http://www.library.wur.nl/wda/dissertations/dis3535.pdf
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==References==
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{{stub}}
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<div class="references-small">
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[[Category:Categorize]]
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*{{cite book
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  | last = Hussey
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  | first = BMJ
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  | coauthors = Keighery GJ, Cousens RD, Dodd J, Lloyd SG
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  | title = Western Weeds: A Guide to the Weeds of Western Australia
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  | publisher = Plant Protection Society of WA
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  | date = 1997
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  | location = Perth
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  | pages =
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  | isbn =  0 646 32440 3}}
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<references/>
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</div>
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[[Category:Araceae]]
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[[Category:Horticulture]]
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[[Category:Flowers]]
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[[Category:Poisonous plants]]
 
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