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Coelogyne (hollow pistil). Orchidaceae. Popular epiphytic warmhouse orchids of the eastern hemisphere.

Coelogyne (hollow pistil). Orchidaceae. Popular epiphytic warmhouse orchids of the eastern hemisphere.

Coelogynes may be grown in pots, baskets or pans, using pots for small plants, and larger receptacles when the plants require them; but when a pan larger than 12-inch is necessary, it is best to use perforated ones so that the material may be well aerated and not become unsuitable for the roots. All the species are of rambling habit and large specimens may soon be had by growing on, provided the material at the roots is kept in a sweet healthy condition. When, however, it becomes necessary to divide a plant, this is best done directly after flowering, carefully separating the running shoots, cutting off about three of the last-made bulbs with all the roots attached, planting these in suitable-sized receptacles, being very careful to point the growing end away from the edge, or toward the center, so that they will not so readily outgrow again. The material to use is osmundine with a little sphagnum moss if it can be made to grow, packing all very firm about the roots so that too much water will not be held about the roots. Place in the shady part of a warm house until root-action begins; but, during the hot summer months, the varieties of C. cristata may with great benefit be placed in a frame in a shady place outdoors, there to remain until danger of frost in October. Treated in this way, the plants will bloom much better. They should all be placed on inverted pots when outside to exclude vermin. When brought indoors the bulbs will be finishing up for bloom, and as they are terrestrial plants, weak manure-water should be given at every watering. A glance at the roots and their structure will show how they differ from the epiphytal orchids such as the cattleyas. Coelogynes, being evergreen, should never be quite dry at the roots, or shriveling will result; this always is the case after flowering or repotting; but, when growth commences, they soon plump up again. It is often desired to grow these plants in baskets. Space can then be made for them overhead in the cool- houses in winter, bringing a few at a time into warmth, thus having succession of bloom for three months for cutting, house or conservatory decoration, where they last a long time. There are more than 100 kinds of coelogynes, many of which are but of botanical interest. C. pandurata, C. Dayana and C. Sanderiana are warm-house plants and should be kept at a minimum temperature of 60° in winter. C. nervosa, C. flaccida, C. nitida, and C. Massangeana are coolhouse plants, often grown in collections; but C. cristata and its forms are the most valued, especially the variety maxima once so scarce, but now plentiful; this makes large bulbs and longer spikes of bloom. The Chatsworth variety, by some considered the same as maxima, hololeuca or alba as it is most often known in gardens, is a pure white form, perhaps the whitest of all orchids. This is inclined to ramble, owing to the length of rhizome between each bulb or growth, and needs attention in repotting frequently; it is also the latest to flower. C. Lemoniana has a pretty lemon-yellow blotch on the lip instead of the usual orange and is very pretty by contrast with the other forms. When it is desired to increase the stock of plants, the back bulbs taken off at potting time may be planted similar to the other pieces and will grow on, but cannot be expected to bloom for two years. (E. O. Orpet.)

Coelogynes may be grown in pots, baskets or pans, using pots for small plants, and larger receptacles when the plants require them; but when a pan larger than 12-inch is necessary, it is best to use perforated ones so that the material may be well aerated and not become unsuitable for the roots. All the species are of rambling habit and large specimens may soon be had by growing on, provided the material at the roots is kept in a sweet healthy condition. When, however, it becomes necessary to divide a plant, this is best done directly after flowering, carefully separating the running shoots, cutting off about three of the last-made bulbs with all the roots attached, planting these in suitable-sized receptacles, being very careful to point the growing end away from the edge, or toward the center, so that they will not so readily outgrow again. The material to use is osmundine with a little sphagnum moss if it can be made to grow, packing all very firm about the roots so that too much water will not be held about the roots. Place in the shady part of a warm house until root-action begins; but, during the hot summer months, the varieties of C. cristata may with great benefit be placed in a frame in a shady place outdoors, there to remain until danger of frost in October. Treated in this way, the plants will bloom much better. They should all be placed on inverted pots when outside to exclude vermin. When brought indoors the bulbs will be finishing up for bloom, and as they are terrestrial plants, weak manure-water should be given at every watering. A glance at the roots and their structure will show how they differ from the epiphytal orchids such as the cattleyas. Coelogynes, being evergreen, should never be quite dry at the roots, or shriveling will result; this always is the case after flowering or repotting; but, when growth commences, they soon plump up again. It is often desired to grow these plants in baskets. Space can then be made for them overhead in the cool- houses in winter, bringing a few at a time into warmth, thus having succession of bloom for three months for cutting, house or conservatory decoration, where they last a long time. There are more than 100 kinds of coelogynes, many of which are but of botanical interest. C. pandurata, C. Dayana and C. Sanderiana are warm-house plants and should be kept at a minimum temperature of 60° in winter. C. nervosa, C. flaccida, C. nitida, and C. Massangeana are coolhouse plants, often grown in collections; but C. cristata and its forms are the most valued, especially the variety maxima once so scarce, but now plentiful; this makes large bulbs and longer spikes of bloom. The Chatsworth variety, by some considered the same as maxima, hololeuca or alba as it is most often known in gardens, is a pure white form, perhaps the whitest of all orchids. This is inclined to ramble, owing to the length of rhizome between each bulb or growth, and needs attention in repotting frequently; it is also the latest to flower. C. Lemoniana has a pretty lemon-yellow blotch on the lip instead of the usual orange and is very pretty by contrast with the other forms. When it is desired to increase the stock of plants, the back bulbs taken off at potting time may be planted similar to the other pieces and will grow on, but cannot be expected to bloom for two years. (E. O. Orpet.)

 

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'''''Coelogyne''''' Lindl. 1821, is a [[genus]] of over 200 [[sympodial]] [[epiphyte]]s from the family [[Orchidaceae]], distributed across [[India]], [[China]], [[Indonesia]] and the [[Fiji]] islands, with the main centers in Borneo, Sumatra and the Himalayas. They can be found from tropical lowland forests to montane rainforests. A few species grow as terrestrials or even as lithophytes in open, humid habitats. The genera '''''Bolborchis''''' <small>[[John Lindley|Lindl.]]</small>, '''''Hologyne''''' <small>[[Ernst Hugo Heinrich Pfitzer|Pfitzer]]</small> and '''''Ptychogyne''''' <small>[[Ernst Hugo Heinrich Pfitzer|Pfitzer]]</small> are generally included here.

 

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The scientific name is derived from the Greek words ''koilos'' (hollow) and ''gyne'' (woman), referring to the concave [[carpel|stigma]].

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This genus lacks the saccate base of the [[labellum]], a typical characteristic which is present in the other genera in the subtribe Coelogyninae. The free lip has high lateral lobes along the basal part of the labellum (hypochile) and smooth, toothed or warty keels.

===Pests and diseases===

 

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[[inflorescence|Inflorescences]] often show a small to very large number of showy, medium-sized to large [[flower]]s. They may arise either from the apex of the newly completed pseudobulb at the end of the growing season (as in ''Coelogyne fimbriata''), or may precede the new growth in early spring (as in ''Coelogyne cristata''). The typical colour range of this genus is white, through tawny brown to green, and occasionally peachy tones. All species have four pollinia.

 

 

A few species are commonly known as 'necklace orchids', because of their long, pendant, multi-flowered inflorescence.

 

 

Coelogyne has never become very popular among orchid growers and has even been ignored. However there is now a growing number of man-made hybrids, such as :

 

yletic]] and should be reorganised, according to the study by Barbara Gravendeel ''et al.'' given in the reference works here below :

* the following sections should be removed from ''Coelogyne'' : sections ''Coelogyne'' (in part), ''Cyathogyne'', ''Tomentosae'', ''Rigidiformes'', ''Veitchiae'' and ''Verrucosae''.

This new genus ''Coelogyne'' should then contain about 160 species.

 

The database [[IPNI]] gives 415 entries for this genus, but a large number are invalid or have become synonyms. These are not mentioned in the following traditional list.

* ''Coelogyne acutilabium'' de Vogel

* ''Coelogyne acutilabium'' de Vogel

* ''Coelogyne albobrunnea'' J.J.Sm.

* ''Coelogyne albobrunnea'' J.J.Sm.

* ''Coelogyne zurowetzii'' Carr

* ''Coelogyne zurowetzii'' Carr

* [https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/retrieve/575/Gravendeel.pdf A phylogenetic classification of the genus Coelogyne, based on morphology and molecules]

C. albo-lutea, Rolfe. Fls. showy, very fragrant, pure white, with lobes yellow. Mts. of N. India.—C. Brymeriana, Hort. A garden hybrid between C. Dayana and C. asperata.—-C. burfordiensis, Hort. (C. pandurata X C. asperata). Fls. pale green, the spiny crest black, the ridges green and yellow. G.C. III. 49:331.— C. chrysotropis, Schltr. Scape much shorter than the lvs., few-fld. Sumatra.—C. Colmanii, Hort. A garden hybrid between C. speciosa major and C. cristata alba.-C. Cumingii, Lindl. Fls. white, the disk citron-yellow; sepals and petals lanceolate. Singapore. B.R. 27:29. B.M. 4045.—C. fragrans, Hort. A trade name. —C. fuliginosa, Lindl. Fls. appearing in succession, 2 in. across, light brownish white, the lip fringed. N. India. B.M. 4440. J.F. 1:7.—C. Garderiana, Lindl. =Neogyne.-C. Lawrenceana, Rolfe. Fl. single; sepals and petals yellow, 2-2 5i in. long, the sepals lanceolate-oblong, the petals linear; lateral lobes of lip brown, the middle lobe white, the disk marbled with brown. Annam. B.M. 8164. G.C. III. 47:335.—C. Mooreana, Sander. Racemes 4-8-fld.; fls. white; disk golden yellow, covered with clavate processes. Annam. B.M. 8297.—C. ochracea, Lindl. Fls. about 2 in. across, fragrant, white, the lip blotched and streaked orange-yellow. N. India. B.R. 32:69. B.M. 4661. J.F. 4:342.—C. perakensis. Rolfe. Racemes many-fld.; sepals light buff, lanceolate-oblong, about Kin. long; petals light green, linear, a little shorter than sepals; lip light yellow, with a deep yellow blotch on disk. Perak. B.M. 8203.— C. praecox, Lindl., var alba. A nearly white form.—C. Sanderae, Kranzl. Fls. white; sepals oblong-lanceolate; petals narrower, linear; lip yellow, marked with golden, the keels red-brown. Burma. G.C. III. 13:361.—C. Veitchii, Rolfe. Racemes many- fld., pendulous; fl-. nearly globose, white, the sepals and petals much incurved; lip longer than sepals, the lateral lobes obtuse, the middle lobe ovate, revolute; disk obscurely 3-keeled. New Guinea. B.M. 7764.—C. venusta, Rolfe. Racemes many-fld., pendulous; fls. pale yellow, the lip white, marked with yellow. S. W. China. B.M. 8262.—C. virescens, Rolfe. Resembling C. Parishii. Fls. pale green with dark dots on the lip.

* Teuscher, H. 1976. ''Coelogyne and Pleione''. American Orchid Society Bulletin 45(8):688

 

 

 

*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963

<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->

<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->

 

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