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{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Cladrastis kentukea''
| status =
| image = Cladrastis kentukea Yellowwood Branch 2000px.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = Shoot with leaves
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Fabales]]
| familia = [[Fabaceae]]
| subfamilia = [[Faboideae]]
| tribus = [[Sophoreae]]
| genus = ''[[Cladrastis]]''
| species = '''''C. kentukea'''''
| binomial = ''Cladrastis kentukea''
| binomial_authority = ([[Georges Louis Marie Dumont de Courset|Dum.Cours.]]) Rudd
}}
'''''Cladrastis kentukea''''' ('''Kentucky Yellowwood''' or '''American Yellowwood''', syn. ''C. lutea'', ''C. tinctoria'') is a species of ''[[Cladrastis]]'' native to the southeastern [[United States]], with a restricted range from western [[North Carolina]] west to eastern [[Oklahoma]], and from southern [[Missouri]] and [[Indiana]] south to central [[Alabama]].
It is a small to medium-sized [[deciduous]] [[tree]] typically growing 10-15 m tall, exceptionally to 27 m tall, with a broad, rounded crown and smooth gray [[bark]]. The [[leaf|leaves]] are compound pinnate, 20-30 cm long, with 5-11 (mostly 7-9) alternately arranged leaflets, each leaflet broad ovate with an acute apex, 6-13 cm long and 3-7 cm broad, with an entire margin and a thinly to densely hairy underside. In the fall, the leaves turn a mix of yellow, gold, and orange. The [[flower]]s are fragrant, white, produced in ''[[Wisteria]]''-like [[raceme]]s 15-30 cm long. Flowering is in early summer (June in its native region), and is variable from year to year, with heavy flowering every second or third year. The [[fruit]] is a [[legume|pod]] 5-8 cm long, containing 2-6 seeds.
Plants from Alabama have the leaves more densely hairy underneath than those from further north, and are distinguished as ''C. kentukea'' f. ''tomentosa'' (Steyermark) Spongberg.
The largest specimen known is at Spring Grove Cemetery in [[Cincinnati, Ohio]], 22 m tall and 2.2 m trunk diameter; the tallest known is a slender tree 27 m tall but only 0.55 m trunk diameter, at [[Plott Cove Research Natural Area]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] (Spongberg & Ma 1997; Eastern Native Trees Society).
===Cultivation and uses===
It is widely grown as an [[ornamental tree]] for its attractive flowers, and is locally [[naturalisation (biology)|naturalized]] in many areas of the eastern United States outside of its restricted native range. It thrives in full sunlight and in well-drained soil, althought it tolerates high pH and dry soil. The Yellowwood can withstand urban settings and is attractive to birds. A number of [[cultivar]]s have been selected, including 'Perkin's Pink' (syn. 'Rosea', an invalid name) with pink flowers.
The name yellowwood derives from its yellow [[heartwood]], used in small amounts for specialist [[furniture]], [[stock (firearm)|gunstocks]] and decorative [[woodturning]].
==References==
*[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?50020 Germplasm Resources Information Network: ''Cladrastis kentukea'']
*[http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=CLKE USDA Plants Profile: ''Cladrastis kentukea'']
*[http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Cladrastis+lutea Plants for a Future: ''Cladrastis lutea'']
*Andrews, S. Trees of the Year: Cladrastis and Maakia. ''Int. Dendrol. Soc. Year Book'' 1996: 12–26.
*Spongberg, S. A. & Ma, J.-S. (1997). Cladrastis (Leguminosae subfamily Faboideae tribe Sophoreae): a historic and taxonomic overview. ''Int. Dendrol. Soc. Year Book'' 1996: 27–35.
<gallery>
Image:Cladrastis kentukea Yellowwood Leaf 3008px.jpg|Leaf
Image:Cladrastis kentukea Yellowwood Top Leaf 2850px.jpg|Top side of a leaflet
Image:Cladrastis kentukea Yellowwood Bottom Leaf 3008px.jpg|Underside of a leaflet
Image:Cladrastis kentukea Yellowwood Bark 3008px.jpg|Bark
Image:Kentukea1b.UME.jpg|Inflorescens
Image:Kentukea1a.UME.jpg|Flowers
</gallery>
[[Category:Faboideae]]
[[Category:Trees of Southeastern United States]]
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Cladrastis kentukea''
| status =
| image = Cladrastis kentukea Yellowwood Branch 2000px.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = Shoot with leaves
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Fabales]]
| familia = [[Fabaceae]]
| subfamilia = [[Faboideae]]
| tribus = [[Sophoreae]]
| genus = ''[[Cladrastis]]''
| species = '''''C. kentukea'''''
| binomial = ''Cladrastis kentukea''
| binomial_authority = ([[Georges Louis Marie Dumont de Courset|Dum.Cours.]]) Rudd
}}
'''''Cladrastis kentukea''''' ('''Kentucky Yellowwood''' or '''American Yellowwood''', syn. ''C. lutea'', ''C. tinctoria'') is a species of ''[[Cladrastis]]'' native to the southeastern [[United States]], with a restricted range from western [[North Carolina]] west to eastern [[Oklahoma]], and from southern [[Missouri]] and [[Indiana]] south to central [[Alabama]].
It is a small to medium-sized [[deciduous]] [[tree]] typically growing 10-15 m tall, exceptionally to 27 m tall, with a broad, rounded crown and smooth gray [[bark]]. The [[leaf|leaves]] are compound pinnate, 20-30 cm long, with 5-11 (mostly 7-9) alternately arranged leaflets, each leaflet broad ovate with an acute apex, 6-13 cm long and 3-7 cm broad, with an entire margin and a thinly to densely hairy underside. In the fall, the leaves turn a mix of yellow, gold, and orange. The [[flower]]s are fragrant, white, produced in ''[[Wisteria]]''-like [[raceme]]s 15-30 cm long. Flowering is in early summer (June in its native region), and is variable from year to year, with heavy flowering every second or third year. The [[fruit]] is a [[legume|pod]] 5-8 cm long, containing 2-6 seeds.
Plants from Alabama have the leaves more densely hairy underneath than those from further north, and are distinguished as ''C. kentukea'' f. ''tomentosa'' (Steyermark) Spongberg.
The largest specimen known is at Spring Grove Cemetery in [[Cincinnati, Ohio]], 22 m tall and 2.2 m trunk diameter; the tallest known is a slender tree 27 m tall but only 0.55 m trunk diameter, at [[Plott Cove Research Natural Area]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] (Spongberg & Ma 1997; Eastern Native Trees Society).
===Cultivation and uses===
It is widely grown as an [[ornamental tree]] for its attractive flowers, and is locally [[naturalisation (biology)|naturalized]] in many areas of the eastern United States outside of its restricted native range. It thrives in full sunlight and in well-drained soil, althought it tolerates high pH and dry soil. The Yellowwood can withstand urban settings and is attractive to birds. A number of [[cultivar]]s have been selected, including 'Perkin's Pink' (syn. 'Rosea', an invalid name) with pink flowers.
The name yellowwood derives from its yellow [[heartwood]], used in small amounts for specialist [[furniture]], [[stock (firearm)|gunstocks]] and decorative [[woodturning]].
==References==
*[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?50020 Germplasm Resources Information Network: ''Cladrastis kentukea'']
*[http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=CLKE USDA Plants Profile: ''Cladrastis kentukea'']
*[http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Cladrastis+lutea Plants for a Future: ''Cladrastis lutea'']
*Andrews, S. Trees of the Year: Cladrastis and Maakia. ''Int. Dendrol. Soc. Year Book'' 1996: 12–26.
*Spongberg, S. A. & Ma, J.-S. (1997). Cladrastis (Leguminosae subfamily Faboideae tribe Sophoreae): a historic and taxonomic overview. ''Int. Dendrol. Soc. Year Book'' 1996: 27–35.
<gallery>
Image:Cladrastis kentukea Yellowwood Leaf 3008px.jpg|Leaf
Image:Cladrastis kentukea Yellowwood Top Leaf 2850px.jpg|Top side of a leaflet
Image:Cladrastis kentukea Yellowwood Bottom Leaf 3008px.jpg|Underside of a leaflet
Image:Cladrastis kentukea Yellowwood Bark 3008px.jpg|Bark
Image:Kentukea1b.UME.jpg|Inflorescens
Image:Kentukea1a.UME.jpg|Flowers
</gallery>
[[Category:Faboideae]]
[[Category:Trees of Southeastern United States]]