Common Horsechestnut
Habit | tree
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Height: | ⇕ | 30 m"m" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 30. |
Width: | ⇔ | 15 m"m" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 15. |
Lifespan: | ⌛ | perennial |
Origin: | ✈ | SE Europe |
Poisonous: | ☠ | seeds toxic |
Bloom: | ❀ | early spring, mid spring, late spring, early summer, mid summer, late summer |
Exposure: | ☼ | sun, part-sun |
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Water: | ◍ | moist, moderate, dry |
Features: | ✓ | deciduous, flowers |
USDA Zones: | 6 to 9 | |
Sunset Zones: | 1-10, 12, 14-17, 32-43 | |
Flower features: | ❀ | orange, yellow, white |
Aesculus > |
Aesculus hippocastanum is a large deciduous tree, commonly known as Horse-chestnut or Conker tree.
It is native to a small area in the mountains of the Balkans.[1] It is widely cultivated throughout the temperate world.
It grows to 36 m tall, with a domed crown of stout branches, on old trees the outer branches often pendulous with curled-up tips. The leaves are opposite and palmately compound, with 5-7 leaflets; each leaflet is 13-30 cm long, making the whole leaf up to 60 cm across, with a 7-20 cm petiole. The flowers are usually white with a small red spot; they are produced in spring in erect panicles 10-30 cm tall with about 20-50 flowers on each panicle. Usually only 1-5 fruit develop on each panicle; the fruit is a green, softly spiky capsule containing one (rarely two or three) nut-like seeds called conkers or horse-chestnuts. Each conker is 2-4 cm diameter, glossy nut-brown with a whitish scar at the base.[2]
Cultivation for its spectacular spring flowers is successful in a range of climatic conditions provided summers are not too hot, with trees being grown as far north as Edmonton, Alberta,[3] the Faroe Islands,[4] and Harstad, Norway. In more southern areas, growth is best in cooler mountain climates.
The nuts, especially those that are young and fresh, are slightly poisonous, containing alkaloid saponins and glucosides. Although not dangerous to touch, they cause sickness when eaten.
A decidious Tree growing to 30m by 15m at a fast rate.
ExpandRead about Common Horsechestnut in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture
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Cultivation
It is hardy to zone 3 and is frost tender. It is in flower in May, and the seeds ripen in September. The flowers are hermaphrodite (have both male and female organs) and are pollinated by Bees.
The plant prefers light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils, requires well-drained soil and can grow in nutritionally poor soil. The plant prefers acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils. It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It requires dry or moist soil. The plant can tolerates strong winds but not maritime exposure. It can tolerate atmospheric pollution.
Prefers a deep loamy well-drained soil but is not too fussy tolerating poorer drier soils[11, 200]. Tolerates exposed positions and atmospheric pollution[200]. A very ornamental and fast-growing tree[1, 4], it succeeds in most areas of Britain but grows best in eastern and south-eastern England[200]. Trees are very hardy when dormant, but the young growth in spring can be damaged by late frosts. The flowers have a delicate honey-like perfume[245]. Trees are tolerant of drastic cutting back and can be severely lopped[200]. They are prone to suddenly losing old heavy branches[98]. The tree comes into bearing within 20 years from seed[98]. Most members of this genus transplant easily, even when fairly large[11].
Propagation
Seed - best sown outdoors or in a cold frame as soon as it is ripe[11, 80]. The seed germinates almost immediately and must be given protection from severe weather[130]. The seed has a very limited viability and must not be allowed to dry out. Stored seed should be soaked for 24 hours prior to sowing and even after this may still not be viable[80, 113]. It is best to sow the seed with its 'scar' downwards[130]. If sowing the seed in a cold frame, pot up the seedlings in early spring and plant them out into their permanent positions in the summer.
Pests and diseases
Varieties
Gallery
References
- Plants for a Future - creative commons text source.
- Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture, by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
External links
- w:Common Horsechestnut. Some of the material on this page may be from Wikipedia, under the Creative Commons license.
- Common Horsechestnut QR Code (Size 50, 100, 200, 500)