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Calycanthus (view source)

Revision as of 18:18, 22 May 2009

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{{Taxobox
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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
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| color = lightgreen
   
| name = ''Calycanthus''
 
| name = ''Calycanthus''
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| common_names = sweetshrub, spicebush, strawberry-bush
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| growth_habit = ?  <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc -->
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| high = ?  <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
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| wide =    <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
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| origin = ?  <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
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| poisonous =    <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
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| lifespan =    <!--- perennial, annual, etc -->
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| exposure = ?  <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
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| water = ?  <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
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| features =    <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
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| hardiness =    <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
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| bloom =    <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
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| usda_zones = ?  <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
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| sunset_zones =    <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
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| color = IndianRed
 
| image = Floridus1f.UME.jpg
 
| image = Floridus1f.UME.jpg
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| image_width = 240px
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| image_width = 180px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
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| image_caption = ''Calycanthus floridus''
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| image_caption = Calycanthus floridus
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| regnum = Plantae
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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| divisio = Magnoliophyta
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| classis = [[Dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]]
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| classis = Magnoliopsida
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| ordo = [[Laurales]]
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| ordo = Laurales
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| familia = [[Calycanthaceae]]
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| familia = Calycanthaceae
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| genus = '''''Calycanthus'''''
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| genus = Calycanthus
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| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
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| species =  
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| subdivision_ranks = Species
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| subspecies =  
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| subdivision = See text
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| cultivar =  
 
}}
 
}}
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{{Inc|
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Calycanthus (Kalyx and anthos, flower; the calyx is large and conspicuous). Syn. Butneria. Calycanthaceae. Carolina Allspice. Sweet-scented Shrub. Ornamental shrubs, cultivated chiefly for their fragrant flowers.
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'''''Calycanthus''''' ('''sweetshrub''', '''spicebush''' or '''strawberry-bush''') is a genus of [[flowering plant]]s in the family [[Calycanthaceae]], [[endemic (ecology)|endemic]] to [[North America]]. The genus includes two to four species depending on taxonomic interpretation; two are accepted by the ''Flora of North America''.
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Winter-buds small, without bud-scales, hidden by the base of petiole before the lvs. fall: lvs. opposite, petioled, entire: fls. with numerous imbricate sepals and no distinct petals; stamens many, short with innate anthers; pistils many, inclosed in a hollow receptacle: fr. caps.- like, formed like the rose-hip by the calyx-tube and containing numerous achenes.—Four species in N. Amer.
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These are deciduous shrubs of aromatic fragrance, with opposite rather large leaves usually rough above and brown or brownish usually fragrant flowers, terminal on leafy branchlets followed by a large capsule- like dry fruit. Except C. occidentalis, the species are hardy or nearly hardy North. They grow in almost any well-drained and somewhat rich soil, and succeed as well in shady as in sunny positions. Propagated by seeds sown in spring; also increased by layers put down in summer, and by suckers or division of older plants.
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This is a protected plant and must not be dug up in the wild under penalty.{{Fact|date=April 2007}}
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C. Mohrii, Small. Shrub, 2-6 ft.: lvs. ovate to oblong-ovate at the base, rounded to subcordate or broadly cuneate, densely pubescent beneath, 2-7 in. long: fls. purple, fragrant, more than 2 in. across. Tenn. and Als. Little-known species, very similar to C. floridus var. ovatus, but the fr. campanulate and not contracted at the mouth. It has proved hardy at the Arnold Arboretum.—C. praecox. Linn.~Meratia praecox. Alfred rehdee.{{SCH}}
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}}
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They are [[deciduous]] [[shrub]]s growing to 2-4 m tall. The [[leaf|leaves]] are opposite, entire, 5-15 cm long and 2-6 cm broad. The [[flower]]s are produced in early summer after the leaves, 4-7 cm broad, with numerous spirally-arranged narrow dark red [[tepal]]s (resembling a small [[magnolia]] flower); they are strongly scented. The [[fruit]] is an elliptic dry [[capsule (fruit)|capsule]] 5-7 cm long, containing numerous [[seed]]s.
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==Cultivation==
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{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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;Species
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===Propagation===
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{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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===Pests and diseases===
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{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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==Species==
 
*''Calycanthus floridus'' ('''Carolina Sweetshrub'''). [[Pennsylvania]] and [[Ohio]] south to [[Mississippi]] and northern [[Florida]].
 
*''Calycanthus floridus'' ('''Carolina Sweetshrub'''). [[Pennsylvania]] and [[Ohio]] south to [[Mississippi]] and northern [[Florida]].
 
**''Calycanthus floridus'' var. ''floridus'' ([[synonymy|syn.]] ''C. mohrii''). Twigs pubescent.
 
**''Calycanthus floridus'' var. ''floridus'' ([[synonymy|syn.]] ''C. mohrii''). Twigs pubescent.
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*''Calycanthus occidentalis'' ('''California Sweetshrub'''). [[California]] (widespread), [[Washington]] (local, [[Seattle, Washington|Seattle]] area).
 
*''Calycanthus occidentalis'' ('''California Sweetshrub'''). [[California]] (widespread), [[Washington]] (local, [[Seattle, Washington|Seattle]] area).
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==Related or potentially confused species==
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==Gallery==
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
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The common name "spicebush" more often refers to shrubs of the [[Lindera]] genus (in another family of the [[Laurales]]), especially [[Lindera benzoin]].
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<gallery>
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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</gallery>
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==See also==
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==References==
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*[[Psychedelic plants]]
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
    
==External links==
 
==External links==
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*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=105270 ''Flora of North America'': ''Calycanthus'']
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*{{wplink}}
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*[http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/species/frame/cafl22.htm ''Calycanthus floridus'' images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu]
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[[Category:Laurales]]
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{{stub}}
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[[Category:Categorize]]
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