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|image_caption=Hypericum calycinum cv. 'Hidcote'
|image_caption=Hypericum calycinum cv. 'Hidcote'
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'''''Hypericum''''' is a [[genus]] of about 400 [[species]] of [[flowering plant]]s in the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Clusiaceae]], [[subfamily]] [[Hypericoideae]] (formerly often considered a full family Hypericaceae).
The genus has a nearly worldwide distribution, missing only from [[tropical]] lowlands, [[deserts]] and [[polar]] regions. All members of the genus may be referred to as '''St. John's-wort''', though they are also commonly just called '''hypericum''', and some are known as '''tutsan'''. The marsh St. John's-worts are nowadays separated in ''[[Triadenum]]''.
St. John's-worts vary from [[Annual plant|annual]] or [[perennial]] [[herbaceous]] [[herb]]s 5–10 cm tall to [[shrub]]s and small [[tree]]s up to 12 m tall. The [[leaf|leaves]] are opposite, simple oval, 1–8 cm long, either [[deciduous]] or evergreen. The [[flower]]s vary from pale to dark yellow, and from 0.5–6 cm in diameter, with five (rarely four) petals. The [[fruit]] is usually a dry capsule which splits to release the numerous small [[seed]]s; in some species it is fleshy and [[berry]]-like.
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They thrive in any good loamy soil, and also in sandy soil, if sufficiently moist; most of them prefer partly shaded situations and bloom longer if not exposed to the full sun. They arc, as a rule, short lived plants and ought to be renewed when they show signs of exhaustion. The larger kinds are well adapted for borders of shrubberies and form round rather dense bushes when standing alone, while those like H. calycinum, H. buckleii and H. adpressum are suited for low borders or as a ground-cover, particularly H. calycinum which spreads rapidly by suckers. Many of the low tufted or prostrate species enumerated in the supplementary list are handsome plants for rockeries where the more tender species can be so planted as to be easily protected during the winter. Propagation is by seeds, which germinate readily, the shrubby species also by greenwood cuttings under glass in summer; the creeping kinds as H. calycinum and some herbaceous species also by division and suckers.
They thrive in any good loamy soil, and also in sandy soil, if sufficiently moist; most of them prefer partly shaded situations and bloom longer if not exposed to the full sun. They arc, as a rule, short lived plants and ought to be renewed when they show signs of exhaustion. The larger kinds are well adapted for borders of shrubberies and form round rather dense bushes when standing alone, while those like H. calycinum, H. buckleii and H. adpressum are suited for low borders or as a ground-cover, particularly H. calycinum which spreads rapidly by suckers. Many of the low tufted or prostrate species enumerated in the supplementary list are handsome plants for rockeries where the more tender species can be so planted as to be easily protected during the winter. Propagation is by seeds, which germinate readily, the shrubby species also by greenwood cuttings under glass in summer; the creeping kinds as H. calycinum and some herbaceous species also by division and suckers.
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==Cultivation==
==Cultivation==
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Index:
adpressum, 17.
androssaemum, 23.
ascyron, 1.
aureum, 14.
axillare, 12.
buckleii, 16.
calycinum, 2.
cernuum, 3.
chinense, 4.
cistifolium, 18.
densiflorum, 11.
elatum, 22.
fastigiatum, 17.
floribundum, 20.
foliosum, 13.
galioides, 12.
glomeratum, 10.
grandifolium, 22.
henryi, 6.
hircinum, 21.
hookerianum, 5.
kalmianum, 9.
leschrnaultii, 5.
lobocarpum, S.
minor, 21.
monogynum, 4.
moserianum, 7.
multiflorum, 22.
nudiflorum, 15.
oblongifolium, 3, 5, 6.
patulum, 6.
perforatum, 19.
prolificum, 11, 13, 14.
pumilum, 21.
pyramidatum, 1.
sphaerocarpum, 18.
tricolor, 7.
triflorum, 5.
uralum, 6.
vilmorinii, 1.
virginicum, 24.
webbianum, 22.
H. aegyptiacum. Linn. Dwarf shrub: lvs. crowded, elliptic, acute, ¼ - 1/3 in. long: fls. solitary, axillary. 1/3 – ½ in. across, forming leaf) racemes; styles 3. Medit. region. B.M. 6481. G.C. II. 14:503. B.R. 196.—H. arnoldianum, Rchd. (H. galioides X H. lobocarpum). Similar to H. galioides, but with a many-fld. terminal inn. and several-fld. lateral infl.: caps. 3-5-celled. Originated at the Arnold Arboretum.—H. balearicum. Linn. Low upright shrub with the lvs. beneath and the twigs warty: lvs. oval, obtuse, about 1/3 in. long: fla. 1 ½ in. across, solitary, terminal; stylea 5. Medit. region.
B.M. 137.—H. canariense, Linn. Allied to H. floribundum. Shrub, to 15 ft.: lvs. oblong-lanceolate, narrowed at the base, 2-3 in.: flu. 1-1 ½ in. across, in panicles; sepals ovate, acute, ciliate. L.B.C. 10:953.—H. coris, Linn. Procumbent subshrub, 6-8 in. high: lvs narrowly linear, revolute on the margin, about 1 in. long, in whorls of 4-6: fls. ¾ in. across, in few-fld. loose cynics; styles 3. Cent, and S. Eu. B.M. 6503.—H. cuneatum, Poir. Low diffuse subshrub. ½ -l ft. high: lvs. obovate, ¼ -1/3 in. long: fls. ¾ in. across, axillary, slender-stalked, forming leafy racemes. Asia Minor. —H. dawsonianum, Rehd. (H. lobocarpum X H. prolificum). Differs from H. prolificum in the more numerous fls. and the 3-5-celled, furrowed caps. Originated at the Arnold Arboretum.—H. dolabriforme, Vent. Procumbent perennial, with ascending sts. 6-20 in. high: lvs. linear-lanceolate, ½ - 1 ½ in. long: fls. 1 in. across, in terminal leafy corymbs. Ky. and Tenn. B.B. (ed. 2) 2:532.— H. elegans, Steph. Upright perennial, ½ -l ft high.: lvs. ovate- lanceolate, ¾ - 1 in. long: fls. ¾ -1 in. across, in terminal panicles; sepals ovate-lanceolate, glandular-ciliate. Cent. Eu. to Altai Mts. R.F.G. 6:360 (5190).—H. elodes, Huds.=H. helodes, Linn.— H. empetrifolium, Willd. Upright shrub, to 1 ft.: lvs. linear, revolute on the margin, ½ - ¾ in. long, in whorls of 3: fls. ½ - ¾ in. across, in 3-5-fld. cymes forming panicles; sepals broadly oblong. 8. E. Eu., Asia Minor. B.M. 6764. Gn. 30, p. 221.—H fasciculatum. Lam. Allied to G. galioides. Shrub, to 6 ft.: lvs. linear, thick, ½ - ¾ in. long: fls. 1/3 – ½ in. across, in narrow panicles. N. C. to Fla. and Texas.—H. fragile, Heldr. A Sart. Dwarf subshrub: lvs. ovate, imbricate, Kin. long, glaucescent-fls. large, in 3- to many-fld. cymes; sepals linear-lanceolate. Greece.—H. helodes, Linn. Procumbent perennial, with orbicular-ovate, villous lvs. 1/3 – ¾ in. long: fls. pale
goat-like odor. Arching shrub, with strongly 2-edged branchlets: lvs. ovate to ovate-oblong. 1 ½ -2 in. long: fls. 1 in. across, in few- fid, dense corymbs. Caucasus.—H. japonicum, Thunb. Decumbent perennial, with ovate or oval 3-nerved lvs. and 4-angled sts.: fls. ¼ in. across, with petals equaling the lanceolate sepals, in terminal cymes. E. Asia to Austral. Scarcely ornamental.—H. lysimachioides. Wall. Slender shrub, with slightly angular arching branchleta: lvs. ovate to ovate-oblong, acute. 1-1 ½ in. long: fls. 1 in. across in loose leafy cymes; sepals linear-lanceolate; styles 5. Himalayas. V.F. 25,—H. montanum, Linn. Perennial: lower lvs. larger, ovate, glabrous: fls. in close compact cymes, often reduced to a head. Cent, and S. Eu.—H. napaulense, Choisy (H. nepalensis, Hort.). Trailing subshrub with ovate to ovate-lanceolate lvs. ½ - ¾ in. long: fls. 1/3 in. across in few-fld. loose cymes. Himalayas.—For H. nepalense, Hort.. see also No. 6.—H. nothum, Rehd. (H. densiflorum X H. kalmianum). Similar to H. densiflorum, but fls. less numerous, lvs. narrower and caps. 3-5-celled, slightly furrowed. Originated at the Arnold Arboretum.—H. nummularium, Linn. Diffuse ascending subshrub: lvs. roundish, 1/3 – ½ in. long: fls. ¾ in. across, in terminal cymes; sepals glandularciliate. Pyrenees. R.F.G. 6:346 (5184).—H. olympicum. Linn. Upright or ascending subshrub, 1 ft.: lvs. oblong-lanceolate, grayish green, ½ - 1 ½ long: fls. golden yellow. 1 ½ - 2 ½ in. across, in terminal few-fld. corymbs; sepals large, pointed; petals oblong-obovate. S. E. Eu., Asia Minor. B.M. 1R67. Gn. 31:302.—H. opacum, Ton. & Gray. Allied to H. sphaerocarpum. Subshrub, 1-3 ft.: lvs. oblong-lanceolate, ½ -l in. long: fls. 1/3 in. across, in open corymbs; sepals obtuse: caps, ovoid. S. C. to Fla. and Miss. G.F. 5:305.— H. orientale, Linn. Upright perennial, ½ -l ft.: lvs. obovate-oblong to linear-oblong, obtuse, glandular-ciliate, ½ -l in. long: fls. 1 in. across, in small terminal cymes. Asia Minor.—H. polyphyllum, Boiss. Perennial with ascending sts.: lvs. elliptic-linear, glaucous, 1/3 – 1/3 in. long: fls. 1 ½ -2 in. across, in dense terminal cymes. Cilicia.—H. pulchrum, Linn. Allied to H. perforatum. Sts. terete: lvs. ovate, clasping, 1/3 – ½ in. long: fls. ½ - ¾ in. across, in terminal panicles; sepals glandular-ciliate. Cent. Eu. R.F.G. 6:347 (5185).— H. ramosissimum, Ledeb.=H. inodorum.—H. repens, Linn. Perennial, with prostrate sts.: lvs. oblong or linear-oblong, ¼ - 1/3 in. long: fls. golden yellow, 1 in. across in few-fld. terminal cymes. S. E. Eu.. Asia Minor. S.F.G. 8:775.—H. reptans, Hook. f. 4 Thorns. Prostrate shrub, with rooting sts.: Ivs. elliptic-oblong, ¼ - ½ in. long: fls. cup-shaped, solitary, terminal, 1 ¾ in. across; petals broadly obovate; styles 5. Himalayas. Gn. 24, p. 267; 30. p. 221. —H. salicifolium, Sieb. & Zucc. Allied to H. chinense, but distinguished by the narrower acute lvs., many-fld. corymbs and acute sepals. Japan.—H. splendens. Small. Allied to H. aureum. Shrub, to 5 ft.: lvs. oblong, ¾ -1 in. long: fls. pedicelled, 1 ½ in. across, in several- to many-fld. cymes; stamens orange-colored: caps, with 3 narrow wings. Ga. Seems not yet in cult.; very desirable.—H. tomentosum, Linn. Perennial with ascending sts.: lvs. ovate, woolly, 1/3 - ¾ in. long: fls. ½ - ¾ in. across, in many-fld. corymbs; sepals ciliate. acute. Eu. R.F.G. (1:340 (5183).—H. turgidum, Small. Allied to H. sphaerocarpum. Shrub. 1-2 ft.: lvs. linear-oblanceolate, ½ - 1 in. long: fls. 1 in. across in several-fid, cymes; sepals ovate to elliptic: caps, subglobose, broadest at the top. Ala.
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==Gallery==
==Gallery==
