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Symphyandra (view source)

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{{SPlantbox
 
{{SPlantbox
 
|familia=Campanulaceae
 
|familia=Campanulaceae
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|genus=Symphyandra  
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|genus=Symphyandra
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|taxo_author=A.DC.
 
|common_name=Ring bellflower
 
|common_name=Ring bellflower
 
|name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
 
|name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|Temp Metric=°F
 
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|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
 
|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
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|image=Upload.png
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|image=Symhyandra_hofmannii0.jpg
 
|image_width=240
 
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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
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'''''Symphyandra''''' is a genus of 10-12 species of [[flowering plant]]s in the family [[Campanulaceae]], mainly native to the eastern part of the [[Mediterranean]] region in [[Asia Minor]], the [[Balkans]], and [[Crete]], but with one species in eastern [[Asia]] in [[Korea]]. The genus is closely related to ''[[Campanula]]'', but has connate [[anthers]] (fused or joined in the same whorl), while ''Campanula'' species have separated anthers. They are mostly [[Biennial plant|biennial]] ([[monocarpic]]) to short lived perennials. They have fleshy [[root]]s, with the [[leaf|leaves]] in a basal rosette, and alternately up the flowering stems. The basal leaves are commonly heart-shaped with toothed margins and covered with short hairs and have long [[Petiole (botany)|petiole]]s. The [[flower]]s are produced in racemes, corymbs or [[panicles]], flowering throughout the summer; they are nodding, tubular bell shaped, coloured white or blue.
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| color = IndianRed
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Symphyandra (Greek, anthers grown together). Campanulaceae. Perennial herbs with a thick caudex, most of them hardy.
 
Symphyandra (Greek, anthers grown together). Campanulaceae. Perennial herbs with a thick caudex, most of them hardy.
    
Leaves broad, usually cordate, dentate, the radical ones long-petioled, the cauline alternate, few or small: fls. usually nodding, rather large, racemose or laxly panicled, white, yellowish or bluish(?); calyx-tube adnate, hemispherical or turbinate, limb deeply 5-lobed or -parted; corolla campanulate, 5-lobed; ovary inferior, 3-celled.—About 8 species from the Caucasus and Asia Minor and one reported from Korea. Its special botanical interest lies in the fact that the anthers are grown together into a tube, which character tends to annul the distinction between the Campanula and Lobelia families. Otherwise the genus is much like Campanula, and used for similar purposes.
 
Leaves broad, usually cordate, dentate, the radical ones long-petioled, the cauline alternate, few or small: fls. usually nodding, rather large, racemose or laxly panicled, white, yellowish or bluish(?); calyx-tube adnate, hemispherical or turbinate, limb deeply 5-lobed or -parted; corolla campanulate, 5-lobed; ovary inferior, 3-celled.—About 8 species from the Caucasus and Asia Minor and one reported from Korea. Its special botanical interest lies in the fact that the anthers are grown together into a tube, which character tends to annul the distinction between the Campanula and Lobelia families. Otherwise the genus is much like Campanula, and used for similar purposes.
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S. pendula, Bieb. Perennial, pilose; sts. fleshy, 6-12 in. high: lvs. crenate-dentate, lower ovate, cordate, long-petioled; intermediate lvs. oblong, acute, cuneate, short-petioled: fls. simply racemose, yellowish white; calyx canescent-tomentose, appendages acuminate; corolla campanulate, whitish-tomentellous. Caucasus. F.W. 1877: 289.—S. Wanneri, Heuff. Perennial, hispidulous: sts. 1-3, ascending, 6 in. or more high: lvs. oblong-lanceolate, acutely serrate or somewhat laciniate; radical long-attenuate to the petiole; cauline attenuate to the base, sessile: infl. thyrsoidly branched, branches 1-3-fld.: fls. blue-violet, large, nodding; calyx-tube hemispherical, segms. broadly and elongated-lanceolate, not appendaged; corolla long-campanulate. S. E. Eu. Gn. 65. p. 410.
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S. pendula, Bieb. Perennial, pilose; sts. fleshy, 6-12 in. high: lvs. crenate-dentate, lower ovate, cordate, long-petioled; intermediate lvs. oblong, acute, cuneate, short-petioled: fls. simply racemose, yellowish white; calyx canescent-tomentose, appendages acuminate; corolla campanulate, whitish-tomentellous. Caucasus.—S. Wanneri, Heuff. Perennial, hispidulous: sts. 1-3, ascending, 6 in. or more high: lvs. oblong-lanceolate, acutely serrate or somewhat laciniate; radical long-attenuate to the petiole; cauline attenuate to the base, sessile: infl. thyrsoidly branched, branches 1-3-fld.: fls. blue-violet, large, nodding; calyx-tube hemispherical, segms. broadly and elongated-lanceolate, not appendaged; corolla long-campanulate. S. E. Eu.
 
{{SCH}}
 
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==Cultivation==
 
==Cultivation==
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===Propagation===
 
===Propagation===
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===Pests and diseases===
 
===Pests and diseases===
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==Species==
 
==Species==
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;Species:
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* ''[[Symphyandra armena]]''
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* ''[[Symphyandra asiatica]]''
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* ''[[Symphyandra cretica]]''
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* ''[[Symphyandra daralaghezica]]''
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* ''[[Symphyandra finitima]]''
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* ''[[Symphyandra hofmannii]]''
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* ''[[Symphyandra lazica]]''
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* ''[[Symphyandra lezgina]]''
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* ''[[Symphyandra odontosepala]]''
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* ''[[Symphyandra ossetica]]''
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* ''[[Symphyandra pendula]]''
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* ''[[Symphyandra repens]]''
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* ''[[Symphyandra transcaucasica]]''
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* ''[[Symphyandra wanneri]]''
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* ''[[Symphyandra zangezura]]''
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(some of these names are [[synonym]]s or [[homonym]]s)
    
==Gallery==
 
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==References==
 
==References==
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<references/>
 
<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
 
<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
 
<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
 
<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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