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{{Plantbox
| color = IndianRed
| sunset_zones = 12, 13, 26-29
| name = ''Acacia berlandieri''
| image = Acacia berlandieri branch.jpg
}}
{{about|the shrub|the chili pepper|Guajillo chili}}
'''''Acacia berlandieri''''' ('''Berlandier Acacia''', '''Guajillo Acacia''', '''guajillo''', '''huajillo''') is a [[shrub]] native to the [[Southwestern United States]] that belongs to the [[Mimosaceae]] (wattle family). It grows 1m to 5m tall, with [[blossom]]s that are spherical and white, occurring from February through April.<ref name "npin">[http://wildflower.utexas.edu/plants/result.php?id_plant=ACBE University of Texas Native Plant Information Network]</ref> The ''berlandieri'' epithet comes from the name of [[Jean-Louis Berlandier]]<ref>
{{cite book
| last = Holloway
| first = Joel Ellis
| title = A Dictionary of Common Wildflowers of Texas & the Southern Great Plains
| publisher = Texas Christian University Press
| date = 2005
| isbn = 354063293X }}
</ref>, a [[France|French]] [[natural history|naturalist]] who studied [[wildlife]] native to [[Texas]] and [[Mexico]]. ''A. berlandieri'' contains a wide variety of [[alkaloids]] and has been known to cause [[toxin|toxic]] reactions in [[domestic animal]]s such as [[goats]].<ref>{{cite journal
| last =Clement
| first =Beverly A.
| coauthors =Christina M. Goff and T. David A. Forbes
| title =Toxic amines and alkaloids from Acacia ''berlandieri''
| journal =Phytochemistry
| volume =46
| issue =2
| pages =249–254
| publisher =[[Elsevier]]
| date =September 1997
| url =http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TH7-3SCB6WX-1N&_user=10&_coverDate=09%2F30%2F1997&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=b215a5ead4e2fc6cc27a4cf30ced3f5e
| accessdate = 2007-04-01
| doi =10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00240-9}}</ref>
[[Image:Acacia-berlandieri-flowers.jpg|thumb|left|250px|''Acacia berlandieri'' Foliage and Flowers]]
[[Image:Acacia-berlandieri-habit.jpg|thumb|left|250px|''Acacia berlandieri'' Tree]]
[[Image:Acacia-berlandieri-bark.jpg|thumb|left|250px|''Acacia berlandieri'' Bark]]
[[Image:Acacia-berlandieri-pods.jpg|thumb|left|250px|''Acacia berlandieri'' Flowers and Seed Pods]]
[[Image:Acacia berlandieri seeds.jpg|thumb|left|250px|''Acacia berlandieri'' Seeds]]
==Cultivation==
==Propagation==
==Pests and diseases==
== Uses ==
''A. berlandieri'' is toxic to [[livestock]] and thus should not be used as [[forage]] or [[fodder]].<ref>[http://texnat.tamu.edu/cmplants/toxic/plants/guajillo.html Texas Toxic Plants]</ref>
== Alkaloids ==
''A. berlandieri'' contains a number of diverse [[alkaloids]], the most plentiful of which are [[N-Methylphenethylamine|N-methylphenethylamine]], [[tyramine]], and [[phenethylamine]]. In a recent study, researchers identified thirty-one alkaloids in samples of plant foliage, including trace amounts of five [[amphetamine]]s previously believed to be human inventions:<ref>[http://www.cognitiveliberty.org/shulgin/adsarchive/acacia.htm Ask Dr. Shulgin Online: Acacias and Natural Amphetamine]</ref> amphetamine, [[methamphetamine]], [[N,N-Dimethylamphetamine|N,N-dimethylamphetamine]], [[p-Hydroxyamphetamine|p-hydroxyamphetamine]] and [[PMA|p-methoxyamphetamine]]. Other trace alkaloids include [[dimethyltryptamine|DMT]] (found in many related species), [[nicotine]], and [[mescaline]] (found in many [[cacti]] but infrequently in other plants). The same group of researchers later reported finding most of the same alkaloids in ''[[Acacia rigidula|A. rigidula]]'', a related species also native to the Southwestern U.S. The findings, however, have never been confirmed or repeated, leading some researchers to believe the results were the result of cross-contamination.
==History==
==Taxonomy==
{{Taxbox
| color = IndianRed
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Fabales]]
| familia = [[Fabaceae]]
| subfamilia = [[Mimosoideae]]
| tribus = Acacieae
| genus = ''[[Acacia]]''
| species = '''''A. berlandieri'''''
| binomial = ''Acacia berlandieri''
| binomial_authority = [[George Bentham|Benth.]]
| range_map = Acacia-berliandieri-range-map.png
| range_map_caption = Range of ''Acacia berlandieri''
| status = G4
| status_system = TNC
}}
==Distribution and habitat==
== References ==
<references/>
== External links ==
*[http://uvalde.tamu.edu/pdf/chemtdaf.pdf Chemistry of Acacia's from South Texas]
{{wikispecies|Acacia berlandieri}}
[[Category:Acacia|Berlandieri, Acacia]]
[[Category:Medicinal plants]]
[[Category:Shrubs]]
| color = IndianRed
| sunset_zones = 12, 13, 26-29
| name = ''Acacia berlandieri''
| image = Acacia berlandieri branch.jpg
}}
{{about|the shrub|the chili pepper|Guajillo chili}}
'''''Acacia berlandieri''''' ('''Berlandier Acacia''', '''Guajillo Acacia''', '''guajillo''', '''huajillo''') is a [[shrub]] native to the [[Southwestern United States]] that belongs to the [[Mimosaceae]] (wattle family). It grows 1m to 5m tall, with [[blossom]]s that are spherical and white, occurring from February through April.<ref name "npin">[http://wildflower.utexas.edu/plants/result.php?id_plant=ACBE University of Texas Native Plant Information Network]</ref> The ''berlandieri'' epithet comes from the name of [[Jean-Louis Berlandier]]<ref>
{{cite book
| last = Holloway
| first = Joel Ellis
| title = A Dictionary of Common Wildflowers of Texas & the Southern Great Plains
| publisher = Texas Christian University Press
| date = 2005
| isbn = 354063293X }}
</ref>, a [[France|French]] [[natural history|naturalist]] who studied [[wildlife]] native to [[Texas]] and [[Mexico]]. ''A. berlandieri'' contains a wide variety of [[alkaloids]] and has been known to cause [[toxin|toxic]] reactions in [[domestic animal]]s such as [[goats]].<ref>{{cite journal
| last =Clement
| first =Beverly A.
| coauthors =Christina M. Goff and T. David A. Forbes
| title =Toxic amines and alkaloids from Acacia ''berlandieri''
| journal =Phytochemistry
| volume =46
| issue =2
| pages =249–254
| publisher =[[Elsevier]]
| date =September 1997
| url =http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TH7-3SCB6WX-1N&_user=10&_coverDate=09%2F30%2F1997&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=b215a5ead4e2fc6cc27a4cf30ced3f5e
| accessdate = 2007-04-01
| doi =10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00240-9}}</ref>
[[Image:Acacia-berlandieri-flowers.jpg|thumb|left|250px|''Acacia berlandieri'' Foliage and Flowers]]
[[Image:Acacia-berlandieri-habit.jpg|thumb|left|250px|''Acacia berlandieri'' Tree]]
[[Image:Acacia-berlandieri-bark.jpg|thumb|left|250px|''Acacia berlandieri'' Bark]]
[[Image:Acacia-berlandieri-pods.jpg|thumb|left|250px|''Acacia berlandieri'' Flowers and Seed Pods]]
[[Image:Acacia berlandieri seeds.jpg|thumb|left|250px|''Acacia berlandieri'' Seeds]]
==Cultivation==
==Propagation==
==Pests and diseases==
== Uses ==
''A. berlandieri'' is toxic to [[livestock]] and thus should not be used as [[forage]] or [[fodder]].<ref>[http://texnat.tamu.edu/cmplants/toxic/plants/guajillo.html Texas Toxic Plants]</ref>
== Alkaloids ==
''A. berlandieri'' contains a number of diverse [[alkaloids]], the most plentiful of which are [[N-Methylphenethylamine|N-methylphenethylamine]], [[tyramine]], and [[phenethylamine]]. In a recent study, researchers identified thirty-one alkaloids in samples of plant foliage, including trace amounts of five [[amphetamine]]s previously believed to be human inventions:<ref>[http://www.cognitiveliberty.org/shulgin/adsarchive/acacia.htm Ask Dr. Shulgin Online: Acacias and Natural Amphetamine]</ref> amphetamine, [[methamphetamine]], [[N,N-Dimethylamphetamine|N,N-dimethylamphetamine]], [[p-Hydroxyamphetamine|p-hydroxyamphetamine]] and [[PMA|p-methoxyamphetamine]]. Other trace alkaloids include [[dimethyltryptamine|DMT]] (found in many related species), [[nicotine]], and [[mescaline]] (found in many [[cacti]] but infrequently in other plants). The same group of researchers later reported finding most of the same alkaloids in ''[[Acacia rigidula|A. rigidula]]'', a related species also native to the Southwestern U.S. The findings, however, have never been confirmed or repeated, leading some researchers to believe the results were the result of cross-contamination.
==History==
==Taxonomy==
{{Taxbox
| color = IndianRed
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Fabales]]
| familia = [[Fabaceae]]
| subfamilia = [[Mimosoideae]]
| tribus = Acacieae
| genus = ''[[Acacia]]''
| species = '''''A. berlandieri'''''
| binomial = ''Acacia berlandieri''
| binomial_authority = [[George Bentham|Benth.]]
| range_map = Acacia-berliandieri-range-map.png
| range_map_caption = Range of ''Acacia berlandieri''
| status = G4
| status_system = TNC
}}
==Distribution and habitat==
== References ==
<references/>
== External links ==
*[http://uvalde.tamu.edu/pdf/chemtdaf.pdf Chemistry of Acacia's from South Texas]
{{wikispecies|Acacia berlandieri}}
[[Category:Acacia|Berlandieri, Acacia]]
[[Category:Medicinal plants]]
[[Category:Shrubs]]
