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Ulmaceae (view source)

Revision as of 04:48, 5 May 2009

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SCH
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{{Taxobox
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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
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| color = lightgreen
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| name = ''Ulmaceae''
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| name = Ulmaceae
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| common_names =     <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank -->
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| color = IndianRed
 
| image = Ulmus rubra leaf.jpg
 
| image = Ulmus rubra leaf.jpg
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| image_width = 240px
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| image_width = 180px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
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| image_caption = Asymmetrical leaf base of ''[[Ulmus rubra]]''
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| image_caption = Asymmetrical leaf base of Ulmus rubra
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| regnum = Plantae
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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| divisio = Magnoliophyta
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| classis = [[Dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]]
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| classis = Magnoliopsida
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| ordo = [[Rosales]]
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| ordo = Rosales
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| familia = '''Ulmaceae'''
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| familia = Ulmaceae
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| familia_authority = [[Charles-François Brisseau de Mirbel|Mirb.]]
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| subdivision_ranks = Genera
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| subdivision =
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''[[Ampelocera]]'' [[Johann Friedrich Klotzsch|Klotzsch]]<br/>
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''[[Chaetachme]]'' Planch.</br>
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''[[Hemiptelea]]'' Planch.</br>
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''[[Holoptelea]]'' Planch.</br>
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''[[Phyllostylon]]'' Benth.</br>
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''[[Planera aquatica]]'' J.F.Gmel. - [[Planera aquatica|Water Elm]]<br/>
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''[[Ulmus]]'' [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]] - [[Elm]]s<br/>
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''[[Zelkova]]'' [[Édouard Spach|Spach]]
   
}}
 
}}
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{{Inc|
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Ulmaceae (from the genus Ulmus, the classical name). Elm Family. Fig. 16. Trees or shrubs without milky juice: leaves alternate, usually oblique: flowers bisexual or unisexual, regular, small; perianth simple; parts 4-5, rarely 3-7; stamens of the same number opposite the sepals, rarely twice as many, not elastically incurved; ovary superior, 1-celled, 1-ovuled; the ovule suspended, anatropous; stigmas usually 2: fruit nut-like, drupaceous, or winged.
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'''Ulmaceae''' is a [[family (biology)|family]] of [[flowering plants|flowering plant]] that includes the [[elm]]s (genus ''Ulmus''), and the [[zelkova]]s (genus ''Zelkova'').<ref>{{cite journal|
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Thirteen genera and about 140 species are generally distributed in all but the polar regions. The largest genus is Celtis, with 60 species. The family is closely related to the Urticaceae and Moraceae. Its non-elastic stamens, and suspended anatropous seeds are important distinguishing characters.
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last = Denk|
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first = T|
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coauthors = GW Grimm|
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title = Phylogeny and biogeography of Zelkova (Ulmaceae sensu stricto) as inferred from leaf morphology, ITS sequence data and the fossil record |
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journal = Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society|
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volume = 147 |
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issue = 2|
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pages = 129–157|
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publisher = Linnean Society of London|
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date = February 2005 |
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doi = 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2005.00354.x |
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accessdate = 2007-06-12}}</ref>  Members of the family are widely distributed throughout the [[Temperate|north temperate zone]], and have a scattered distribution elsewhere except for [[Australasia]].<ref>{{cite web|last = Watson|first = L.|coauthors = Dallwitz, M. J.|title = The Families of Flowering Plants: Ulmaceae Mirb.|date = 1992 onwards|url = http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/ulmaceae.htm|accessdaymonth = 21 November | accessyear=2006}}</ref><ref name="stevens">{{cite web|last = Stevens|first = P|title = Angiosperm Phylogeny Website|publisher = Missouri Botanical Garden|date = 2001 onwards|url = http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/APweb/welcome.html|accessdaymonth = 21 November | accessyear=2006}}</ref> 
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The family is sometimes also treated to include the [[hackberry|hackberries]], (''Celtis'' and allies), but analysis by the [[Angiosperm Phylogeny Group]] members suggests that these genera are better placed in the related family [[Cannabaceae]]. The circumscription included in the taxobox is the one suggested by P. Stevens on his Missouri Botanical Garden Angiosperm Phylogeny Website and includes information from the [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] Vascular Plant Families and Genera list.<ref name="stevens"/>  Some classifications also include the genus ''[[Ampelocera]]''.<ref>{{cite journal|
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The seeds of some species of Celtis are edible. The wood is used to make wind instruments, and the like. Elm wood is of use in the crafts. The mucilaginous bark of slippery elm (Ulmus fulva) is used for poultices and coughs. The fragrant wood of Planera Abelicea of Crete is false sandalwood.
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last = Uedal|
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first = Kunihiko |
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coauthors = K Kosuge and H Tobe|
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title = A molecular phylogeny of celtidaceae and ulmaceae (Urticales) based onrbcL Nucleotide sequences |
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journal = Journal of Plant Research |
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volume = 110|
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issue = 2|
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pages = 171-178|
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publisher = Springer Japan|
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date = June, 1997|
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accessdate = 2007-06-12}}</ref>
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===Description===
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There are several genera in cultivation in America. Among these are: Aphananthe, ornamental; Celtis (Nettle Tree, Hackberry, Sugarberry), hardy, ornamental; Planera (Water Elm), ornamental; Ulmus (Elm), ornamental, and for timber; Zelkova, ornamental.{{SCH}}
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The family is a group of evergreen or deciduous trees and shrubs with [[mucilage]]nous substances in leaf and bark tissue. [[Leaf|Leaves]] are usually alternate on the stems. The leaf blades are simple (not compound), with entire (smooth) or variously toothed margins, and often have an asymmetrical base. The flowers are small and either bisexual or unisexual.<ref>{{cite journal|
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}}
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last = Sytsma|
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first = KJ|
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==Genera==
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coauthors = J Morawetz, C Pires, M Nepokroeff, E Conti, M Zjhra,
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*''[[Ampelocera]]''
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JC Hall, and MW Chase|
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*''[[Chaetachme]]''
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title = Urticalean rosids: Circumscription, rosid ancestry, and phylogenetics based on ''RBCL'', ''TRNL-F'', and ''NDHF'' sequences|
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*''[[Hemiptelea]]''
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journal = American Journal of Botany|
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*''[[Holoptelea]]''
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volume = 89|
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*''[[Phyllostylon]]''
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issue = 9|
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*''[[Planera aquatica]]'' - [[Planera aquatica|Water Elm]]
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pages = 1531-1546|
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*''[[Ulmus]]'' - [[Elm]]s
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publisher = Botanical Society of America|
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*''[[Zelkova]]''  
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date = 2002|
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accessdate = 2007-06-12}}</ref>  The [[fruit]] is an indehiscent [[Samara (fruit)|samara]], [[Nut (fruit)|nut]], or [[drupe]]. ''Ulmus'' provides important [[Timber|timber trees]] mostly for [[furniture]], and ''U. rubra'', the [[Slippery elm]] is a [[Medical herbalism|medicinal plant]] known for the [[Demulcent|demulcent property]] of its inner bark. ''Planera aquatica'' is also a timber species. ''Planera'', ''Ulmus'', and ''Zelkova'' are all grown as [[Ornamental plant|ornamental trees]].
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==Gallery==
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
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<gallery>
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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</gallery>
    
==References==
 
==References==
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<references />
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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[[Category:Ulmaceae| ]]
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==External links==
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*{{wplink}}
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{{stub}}
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[[Category:Categorize]]
 
[[Category:Plant families]]
 
[[Category:Plant families]]
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[[Category:Rosales]]
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[[Category:Trees]]
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{{fruit-tree-stub}}
 
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