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Calycanthus (view source)

Revision as of 18:18, 22 May 2009

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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
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| name = ''Calycanthus''
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| common_names = sweetshrub, spicebush, strawberry-bush
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| growth_habit = ?  <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc -->
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| high = ?  <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
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| wide =    <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
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| origin = ?  <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
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| poisonous =    <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
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| lifespan =    <!--- perennial, annual, etc -->
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| exposure = ?  <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
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| water = ?  <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
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| features =    <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
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| hardiness =    <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
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| bloom =    <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
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| usda_zones = ?  <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
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| sunset_zones =    <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
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| color = IndianRed
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| image = Floridus1f.UME.jpg
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| image_width = 180px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
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| image_caption = Calycanthus floridus
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| regnum = Plantae
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| divisio = Magnoliophyta
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| classis = Magnoliopsida
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| ordo = Laurales
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| familia = Calycanthaceae
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| genus = Calycanthus
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| species =
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| subspecies =
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| cultivar =
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}}
 
{{Inc|
 
{{Inc|
 
Calycanthus (Kalyx and anthos, flower; the calyx is large and conspicuous). Syn. Butneria. Calycanthaceae. Carolina Allspice. Sweet-scented Shrub. Ornamental shrubs, cultivated chiefly for their fragrant flowers.
 
Calycanthus (Kalyx and anthos, flower; the calyx is large and conspicuous). Syn. Butneria. Calycanthaceae. Carolina Allspice. Sweet-scented Shrub. Ornamental shrubs, cultivated chiefly for their fragrant flowers.
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Winter-buds small, without bud-scales, hidden by the base of petiole before the lvs. fall: lvs. opposite, petioled, entire: fls. with numerous imbricate sepals and no distinct petals; stamens many, short with innate anthers; pistils many, inclosed in a hollow receptacle: fr. caps.- like, formed like the rose-hip by the calyx-tube and containing numerous achenes.—Four species in N. Amer.
 
Winter-buds small, without bud-scales, hidden by the base of petiole before the lvs. fall: lvs. opposite, petioled, entire: fls. with numerous imbricate sepals and no distinct petals; stamens many, short with innate anthers; pistils many, inclosed in a hollow receptacle: fr. caps.- like, formed like the rose-hip by the calyx-tube and containing numerous achenes.—Four species in N. Amer.
 
These are deciduous shrubs of aromatic fragrance, with opposite rather large leaves usually rough above and brown or brownish usually fragrant flowers, terminal on leafy branchlets followed by a large capsule- like dry fruit. Except C. occidentalis, the species are hardy or nearly hardy North. They grow in almost any well-drained and somewhat rich soil, and succeed as well in shady as in sunny positions. Propagated by seeds sown in spring; also increased by layers put down in summer, and by suckers or division of older plants.
 
These are deciduous shrubs of aromatic fragrance, with opposite rather large leaves usually rough above and brown or brownish usually fragrant flowers, terminal on leafy branchlets followed by a large capsule- like dry fruit. Except C. occidentalis, the species are hardy or nearly hardy North. They grow in almost any well-drained and somewhat rich soil, and succeed as well in shady as in sunny positions. Propagated by seeds sown in spring; also increased by layers put down in summer, and by suckers or division of older plants.
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C. Mohrii, Small. Shrub, 2-6 ft.: lvs. ovate to oblong-ovate at the base, rounded to subcordate or broadly cuneate, densely pubescent beneath, 2-7 in. long: fls. purple, fragrant, more than 2 in. across. Tenn. and Als. Little-known species, very similar to C. floridus var. ovatus, but the fr. campanulate and not contracted at the mouth. It has proved hardy at the Arnold Arboretum.—C. praecox. Linn.=Meratia praecox. Alfred rehdee.
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C. Mohrii, Small. Shrub, 2-6 ft.: lvs. ovate to oblong-ovate at the base, rounded to subcordate or broadly cuneate, densely pubescent beneath, 2-7 in. long: fls. purple, fragrant, more than 2 in. across. Tenn. and Als. Little-known species, very similar to C. floridus var. ovatus, but the fr. campanulate and not contracted at the mouth. It has proved hardy at the Arnold Arboretum.—C. praecox. Linn.~Meratia praecox. Alfred rehdee.{{SCH}}
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{{Taxobox
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| color = lightgreen
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| name = ''Calycanthus''
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| image = Floridus1f.UME.jpg
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| image_width = 240px
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| image_caption = ''Calycanthus floridus''
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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| classis = [[Dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]]
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| ordo = [[Laurales]]
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| familia = [[Calycanthaceae]]
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| genus = '''''Calycanthus'''''
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| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
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| subdivision_ranks = Species
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| subdivision = See text
   
}}
 
}}
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'''''Calycanthus''''' ('''sweetshrub''', '''spicebush''' or '''strawberry-bush''') is a genus of [[flowering plant]]s in the family [[Calycanthaceae]], [[endemic (ecology)|endemic]] to [[North America]]. The genus includes two to four species depending on taxonomic interpretation; two are accepted by the ''Flora of North America''.
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==Cultivation==
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{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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This is a protected plant and must not be dug up in the wild under penalty.{{Fact|date=April 2007}}
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===Propagation===
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{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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They are [[deciduous]] [[shrub]]s growing to 2-4 m tall. The [[leaf|leaves]] are opposite, entire, 5-15 cm long and 2-6 cm broad. The [[flower]]s are produced in early summer after the leaves, 4-7 cm broad, with numerous spirally-arranged narrow dark red [[tepal]]s (resembling a small [[magnolia]] flower); they are strongly scented. The [[fruit]] is an elliptic dry [[capsule (fruit)|capsule]] 5-7 cm long, containing numerous [[seed]]s.
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===Pests and diseases===
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{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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;Species
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==Species==
 
*''Calycanthus floridus'' ('''Carolina Sweetshrub'''). [[Pennsylvania]] and [[Ohio]] south to [[Mississippi]] and northern [[Florida]].
 
*''Calycanthus floridus'' ('''Carolina Sweetshrub'''). [[Pennsylvania]] and [[Ohio]] south to [[Mississippi]] and northern [[Florida]].
 
**''Calycanthus floridus'' var. ''floridus'' ([[synonymy|syn.]] ''C. mohrii''). Twigs pubescent.
 
**''Calycanthus floridus'' var. ''floridus'' ([[synonymy|syn.]] ''C. mohrii''). Twigs pubescent.
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*''Calycanthus occidentalis'' ('''California Sweetshrub'''). [[California]] (widespread), [[Washington]] (local, [[Seattle, Washington|Seattle]] area).
 
*''Calycanthus occidentalis'' ('''California Sweetshrub'''). [[California]] (widespread), [[Washington]] (local, [[Seattle, Washington|Seattle]] area).
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==Related or potentially confused species==
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==Gallery==
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
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The common name "spicebush" more often refers to shrubs of the [[Lindera]] genus (in another family of the [[Laurales]]), especially [[Lindera benzoin]].
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<gallery>
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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</gallery>
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==See also==
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==References==
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*[[Psychedelic plants]]
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
    
==External links==
 
==External links==
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*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=105270 ''Flora of North America'': ''Calycanthus'']
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*{{wplink}}
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*[http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/species/frame/cafl22.htm ''Calycanthus floridus'' images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu]
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[[Category:Laurales]]
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{{stub}}
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[[Category:Categorize]]
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