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{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Brugmansia''
| image = Brugmansia.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = ''Brugmansia'' 'Feingold'
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
| phylum = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Solanales]]
| familia = [[Solanaceae]]
| genus = '''''Brugmansia'''''
| genus_authority = [[Christian Hendrik Persoon|Pers.]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See text
}}
{{commons|Brugmansia|Brugmansia}}
'''''Brugmansia''''' is a genus of six species of [[flowering plant]]s in the family [[Solanaceae]], native to subtropical regions of [[South America]], along the [[Andes]] from [[Colombia]] to northern [[Chile]], and also in southeastern [[Brazil]]. They are known as [[Angel's Trumpet]]s, sharing that name with the closely related genus ''[[Datura]]''. The genus differs from ''Datura'' in being perennial and woody (''Datura'' species are herbaceous), and in having pendulous (not erect) flowers.
''Brugmansia'' are large [[shrub]]s or small [[tree]]s, reaching heights of 3–11 m, with tan, slightly rough bark. The [[leaf|leaves]] are alternate, generally large, 10–30 cm long and 4–18 cm broad, with an entire or coarsely toothed margin, and are covered with fine hairs.
The name Angel's Trumpet refers to the large, very dramatic, pendulous trumpet-shaped [[flower]]s, 14–50 cm long and 10–35 cm across at the wide end. They are white, yellow, pink, orange or red, and have a delicate, attractive scent with light, lemony overtones, most noticeable in early evening.
;Species
*''Brugmansia arborea''. Andes (Ecuador to northern Chile).
*''Brugmansia aurea''. Andes (Colombia to Ecuador).
*''Brugmansia sanguinea''. Andes (Colombia to Peru and Bolivia).
*''Brugmansia suaveolens''. Southeast Brazil west to Bolivia and Peru.
*''Brugmansia versicolor''. Ecuador.
*''Brugmansia vulcanicola''. Colombia.
===Cultivation===
''Brugmansia'' are easily grown in a moist, fertile, well-drained [[soil]], in full sun to part shade, in frost-free climates. They begin to flower in mid to late spring in warm climates and continue into the fall, often continuing as late as early winter in warm conditions. In cool winters, outdoor plants need protection, but the roots are hardy and will resprout in April or May. The species from the higher elevations, ''B. sanguinea'' and ''B. vulcanicola'', prefer moderate temperatures and cool nights, and may not flower if temperatures are very hot. Most Brugmansias may be propagated easily by rooting 10–20 cm cuttings taken from the end of a branch during the summer.
Several [[hybrid]]s and numerous [[cultivar]]s have been developed for use as [[ornamental plant]]s. ''B. × candida'' is a hybrid between ''B. aurea'' and ''B. versicolor'', while ''B. × insignis'' is a hybrid between ''B. suaveolens'' and ''B. versicolor''. Some cultivars of ''B. × candida'' produce white, yellow, pale orange or pink flowers; ''B. × insignis'' produces white or peach flowers; ''B. versicolor'' flowers start off white and turn salmon pink. There are cultivars producing double flowers, and some with variegated leaves.
===Uses===
As with ''Datura'', all parts of ''Brugmansia'' are highly toxic. The plants are sometimes ingested for recreational or [[shaman]]ic [[intoxication]] as the plant contains the tropane alkaloids [[scopolamine]] and [[atropine]]; however because the potency of the toxic compounds in the plant is variable, the degree of intoxication is unpredictable and can be fatal.
[[Image:Urarina_shaman_B_Dean.jpg|thumb|right|Urarina [[shaman]], 1988]]
Ritualized ''Brugmansia'' consumption is an important aspect of the shamanic complexes noted among many [[Indigenous people]]s of western [[Amazonia]], such as the [[Jivaroan]] speaking peoples. Likewise, it is a central component in the [[cosmology]] and shamanic practices of the [[Urarina]] peoples of [[Loreto]], [[Peru]].
===Plant Registration===
ABADS (American Brugmansia & Datura Society, Inc., is designated in the 2004 edition of the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants [the 2004 Code] as the official International Cultivar Registration Authority [ICRA} for ''Brugmansia'' and ''Datura'' (Solanaceae). This role was delegated to ABADS by the International Society for Horticultural Science [ISHS] in 2002.
==References and external links==
*[http://abads.net "American Brugmansia & Datura Society, Inc"]
*[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?70131 Germplasm Resources Information Network: ''Brugmansia'']
*[http://www.erowid.org/plants/brugmansia/brugmansia.shtml Erowid ''Brugmansia'' Vault]
*Lockwood, T. E. (1973). Generic recognition of Brugmansia. ''Bot. Mus. Leafl''. 23: 273–283.
*Huxley, A. (1992). ''The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening''. Macmillan.
<gallery>
Image:Brug1.jpg|A recently open Brugmansia flower
Image:Brugmansia (detail).jpg|Flower detail
Image:Brugmansiahippy.jpg| Man holding a Brugmansia flower
</gallery>
[[Category:Solanaceae]]
[[Category:Deliriants]]
[[Category:Herbal and fungal hallucinogens]]
[[Category:Ayahuasca]]
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Brugmansia''
| image = Brugmansia.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = ''Brugmansia'' 'Feingold'
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
| phylum = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Solanales]]
| familia = [[Solanaceae]]
| genus = '''''Brugmansia'''''
| genus_authority = [[Christian Hendrik Persoon|Pers.]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See text
}}
{{commons|Brugmansia|Brugmansia}}
'''''Brugmansia''''' is a genus of six species of [[flowering plant]]s in the family [[Solanaceae]], native to subtropical regions of [[South America]], along the [[Andes]] from [[Colombia]] to northern [[Chile]], and also in southeastern [[Brazil]]. They are known as [[Angel's Trumpet]]s, sharing that name with the closely related genus ''[[Datura]]''. The genus differs from ''Datura'' in being perennial and woody (''Datura'' species are herbaceous), and in having pendulous (not erect) flowers.
''Brugmansia'' are large [[shrub]]s or small [[tree]]s, reaching heights of 3–11 m, with tan, slightly rough bark. The [[leaf|leaves]] are alternate, generally large, 10–30 cm long and 4–18 cm broad, with an entire or coarsely toothed margin, and are covered with fine hairs.
The name Angel's Trumpet refers to the large, very dramatic, pendulous trumpet-shaped [[flower]]s, 14–50 cm long and 10–35 cm across at the wide end. They are white, yellow, pink, orange or red, and have a delicate, attractive scent with light, lemony overtones, most noticeable in early evening.
;Species
*''Brugmansia arborea''. Andes (Ecuador to northern Chile).
*''Brugmansia aurea''. Andes (Colombia to Ecuador).
*''Brugmansia sanguinea''. Andes (Colombia to Peru and Bolivia).
*''Brugmansia suaveolens''. Southeast Brazil west to Bolivia and Peru.
*''Brugmansia versicolor''. Ecuador.
*''Brugmansia vulcanicola''. Colombia.
===Cultivation===
''Brugmansia'' are easily grown in a moist, fertile, well-drained [[soil]], in full sun to part shade, in frost-free climates. They begin to flower in mid to late spring in warm climates and continue into the fall, often continuing as late as early winter in warm conditions. In cool winters, outdoor plants need protection, but the roots are hardy and will resprout in April or May. The species from the higher elevations, ''B. sanguinea'' and ''B. vulcanicola'', prefer moderate temperatures and cool nights, and may not flower if temperatures are very hot. Most Brugmansias may be propagated easily by rooting 10–20 cm cuttings taken from the end of a branch during the summer.
Several [[hybrid]]s and numerous [[cultivar]]s have been developed for use as [[ornamental plant]]s. ''B. × candida'' is a hybrid between ''B. aurea'' and ''B. versicolor'', while ''B. × insignis'' is a hybrid between ''B. suaveolens'' and ''B. versicolor''. Some cultivars of ''B. × candida'' produce white, yellow, pale orange or pink flowers; ''B. × insignis'' produces white or peach flowers; ''B. versicolor'' flowers start off white and turn salmon pink. There are cultivars producing double flowers, and some with variegated leaves.
===Uses===
As with ''Datura'', all parts of ''Brugmansia'' are highly toxic. The plants are sometimes ingested for recreational or [[shaman]]ic [[intoxication]] as the plant contains the tropane alkaloids [[scopolamine]] and [[atropine]]; however because the potency of the toxic compounds in the plant is variable, the degree of intoxication is unpredictable and can be fatal.
[[Image:Urarina_shaman_B_Dean.jpg|thumb|right|Urarina [[shaman]], 1988]]
Ritualized ''Brugmansia'' consumption is an important aspect of the shamanic complexes noted among many [[Indigenous people]]s of western [[Amazonia]], such as the [[Jivaroan]] speaking peoples. Likewise, it is a central component in the [[cosmology]] and shamanic practices of the [[Urarina]] peoples of [[Loreto]], [[Peru]].
===Plant Registration===
ABADS (American Brugmansia & Datura Society, Inc., is designated in the 2004 edition of the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants [the 2004 Code] as the official International Cultivar Registration Authority [ICRA} for ''Brugmansia'' and ''Datura'' (Solanaceae). This role was delegated to ABADS by the International Society for Horticultural Science [ISHS] in 2002.
==References and external links==
*[http://abads.net "American Brugmansia & Datura Society, Inc"]
*[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?70131 Germplasm Resources Information Network: ''Brugmansia'']
*[http://www.erowid.org/plants/brugmansia/brugmansia.shtml Erowid ''Brugmansia'' Vault]
*Lockwood, T. E. (1973). Generic recognition of Brugmansia. ''Bot. Mus. Leafl''. 23: 273–283.
*Huxley, A. (1992). ''The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening''. Macmillan.
<gallery>
Image:Brug1.jpg|A recently open Brugmansia flower
Image:Brugmansia (detail).jpg|Flower detail
Image:Brugmansiahippy.jpg| Man holding a Brugmansia flower
</gallery>
[[Category:Solanaceae]]
[[Category:Deliriants]]
[[Category:Herbal and fungal hallucinogens]]
[[Category:Ayahuasca]]
