Changes

From Gardenology.org - Plant Encyclopedia and Gardening Wiki
Jump to navigationJump to search
7,621 bytes added ,  19:34, 26 October 2009
m
Reverted edits by 169.244.143.125 (Talk) to last revision by Raffi
Line 1: Line 1:  +
A '''list of edible seeds''' here includes seeds that are directly foodstuffs, rather than yielding derived products.
    +
A variety of species can provide '''edible seeds'''. Of the six major plant parts, seeds are the most important source of human food. The other five major plant parts are [[root]]s, [[stem]]s, [[leave]]s, [[flower]]s, and [[fruit]]s. Most edible seeds are [[angiosperm]]s, but a few are [[gymnosperm]]s. The most important seed food source is cereals, followed by legumes, and nuts.
 +
 +
The list is divided into the following categories:
 +
* '''[[Bean]]s''' (or '''[[Legume]]s''') are protein-rich soft seeds.
 +
* '''[[Cereals]]''' (or '''grains''') are grass-like crops that are harvested for their dry seeds. These seeds are often ground to make [[flour]]. Cereals provide almost half of all calories consumed in the world.<ref name="prodstat">{{cite web
 +
| url=http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx
 +
| title=ProdSTAT
 +
| author=FAO
 +
| work=FAOSTAT
 +
| accessdate=2006-12-26
 +
}}</ref> Botanically, true cereals are members of the [[Poaceae]] or Grass family.
 +
** '''[[Pseudocereal]]s''' are cereal crops that are not members of the Poaceae or Grass Family.
 +
* '''[[Nut (fruit)|Nuts]]''' are botanically a specific type of fruit but the term is also applied to many edible seeds that are not botanically nuts.
 +
** '''[[Gymnosperm]]s''' produce nut-like seeds but not flowers or fruits.
 +
* '''[[Spices]]''' are used to flavor food rather than provide nutrients.
 +
 +
== Beans ==
 +
See also: [[:Category:Beans]]
 +
 +
Beans, also known as [[legume]]s or [[pulse (legume)|pulses]] include:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/faoinfo/economic/faodef/fdef04e.htm |title=Definition and Classification of Commodities|work=Definition and Classification of Commodities|title=Pulses and derived products|date=1994|publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|accessdate=2006-12-26}}</ref>
 +
 +
[[Image:3 types of lentil.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Lentils have been part of the human diet since the Neolithic]]
 +
* [[Bambara groundnut]]
 +
* [[Vicia faba|Broad bean]]s
 +
* [[Chickpea]]s
 +
* [[Cowpea]]s
 +
* [[Pulse (legume)#Classification of pulses|Dry beans]], including
 +
** [[Common bean]]
 +
** several species of ''[[Vigna]]''
 +
* [[Hyacinth bean]]
 +
* [[Lablab]]
 +
* [[Lentil]]s
 +
* [[Lupin]]s
 +
* [[Pea]]s
 +
* [[Peanut]]s
 +
* [[Pigeon pea]]s
 +
* [[Soybean]]s
 +
* [[Tonka bean]]s
 +
* [[Velvet bean]]s
 +
* [[Vetch]]
 +
* [[Winged bean]]s
 +
* [[Yam bean]]s
 +
 +
== Cereals ==
 +
{{See also|Category:Cereals}}
 +
[[Image:GEM corn.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Maize (sometimes called "corn") is the single biggest source of food calories in the world.]]
 +
 +
True [[cereal]]s are the seeds of certain species of [[grass]]. Three — maize, wheat and rice — account for about half of the calories consumed by people every year.<ref name="prodstat">{{cite web
 +
| url=http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx
 +
| title=ProdSTAT
 +
| author=FAO
 +
| work=FAOSTAT
 +
| accessdate=2006-12-26
 +
}}</ref> Grains can be ground to make [[flour]], used as the basis of [[bread]], [[cake]], [[noodles]] or other food products. They can also be boiled or steamed, either whole or ground, and eaten as is. Many cereals are present or past [[staple food]]s, provided a large fraction of the calories in the places that they are eaten. [[Cereal]]s include:
 +
 +
* [[Barley]]
 +
* [[Fonio]]
 +
* [[Kamut]]
 +
* [[Maize]]
 +
* [[Millet]]
 +
* [[Oat]]s
 +
* [[Distichlis palmeri|Palmer's grass]]
 +
* [[Rice]]
 +
* [[Rye]]
 +
* [[Sorghum]]
 +
* [[Spelt]]
 +
* [[Teff]]
 +
* [[Triticale]]
 +
* [[Wheat]]
 +
* [[Wild rice]]
 +
 +
=== Pseudocereals ===
 +
[[Image:Quinoa.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Quinoa is not a grass, but its seeds have been eaten for 6000 years.]]
 +
* [[Breadnut]]
 +
* [[Buckwheat]]
 +
* [[Cattail]]
 +
* [[Chia]]
 +
* [[Celosia|Cockscomb]]
 +
* [[Grain amaranth]]
 +
* [[Kañiwa]]
 +
* [[Quinoa]]
 +
* [[Wattleseed]] (also called ''acacia seed'')
 +
 +
== Nuts ==
 +
''See also'': [[List of edible nuts]]
 +
 +
[[Image:Brazil nuts.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Brazil nuts come from a South American tree]]
 +
 +
According to the botanical definition, [[nut (fruit)|nuts]] are a particular kind of seed.<ref>{{cite web
 +
| url=http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Nut
 +
| title=Nut
 +
| work=Biology Online Dictionary
 +
| date=[[October 3]] [[2005]]
 +
| accessdate=2006-12-26
 +
}}</ref> [[Walnut]]s and [[acorn]]s are example of nuts, under this definition. In [[nut (fruit)|culinary terms]], however, the term is used more broadly to include fruits that are not botanically qualified as nuts, but that have a similar appearance and culinary role. Examples of culinary nuts include [[almond]]s, [[peanut]]s and [[cashew]]s.<ref>{{cite web
 +
| url=http://www.answers.com/topic/nut
 +
| title=Nut
 +
| work=The Columbia Online Encyclopedia
 +
| date=2003
 +
| accessdate=2006-12-26
 +
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/es/faodef/fdef05e.htm|title=Nuts and derived products|work=Definition and Classification of Commodities|date=1996|accessdate=2006-12-26|publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations}}</ref>
 +
 +
* [[Almond#Culinary uses|Almond]]
 +
* [[Beech]]
 +
* [[Butternut (tree)|Butternut]]
 +
* [[Brazilnut]]
 +
* [[Candlenut]]
 +
* [[Cashew#Uses|Cashew]]
 +
* [[Chestnut#Nuts|Chestnuts]], including:
 +
** [[Chinese Chestnut]]
 +
** [[Pachira aquatica|Malabar chestnut]]
 +
** [[Sweet Chestnut]]
 +
* [[Colocynth]]
 +
* ''[[Cucurbita ficifolia]]''
 +
* [[Filbert]]
 +
* [[Hickory#Uses|Hickory]], including
 +
** [[Pecan]]
 +
** [[Shagbark Hickory]]
 +
* [[Kola nut]]
 +
* [[Macadamia]]
 +
* [[Mamoncillo]]
 +
* [[Brosimum alicastrum|Maya nut]]
 +
* [[acorn|Oak acorns]]
 +
* [[Irvingia|Ogbono nut]]
 +
* [[Lecythidaceae|Paradise nut]]
 +
* [[Pili nut]]
 +
* [[Walnut#Nuts|Walnut]]
 +
 +
=== Nut-like gymnosperm seeds ===
 +
[[Image:KoreanPineSeeds.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Pine nuts are a Gymnosperm seed that is edible]]
 +
* [[Cycad]]s
 +
* [[Ginkgo]]
 +
* ''[[Gnetum gnemon]]''
 +
* [[Juniper]]
 +
* [[Araucaria araucana|Monkey-puzzle]]
 +
* [[Pine nut]]s, including
 +
** [[Chilgoza Pine]]
 +
** [[Korean Pine]]
 +
** [[Stone Pine]]
 +
** [[Colorado Pinyon]]
 +
** [[Mexican Pinyon]]
 +
** [[Single-leaf Pinyon]]
 +
* [[Podocarps]]
 +
 +
== Spices ==
 +
''See also:'' [[List of herbs and spices]]
 +
[[Image:Coriander.png|thumb|right|200px|Coriander fruit (including its seeds) is a well-known spice.]]
 +
Seeds that are used to flavor other foods include:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uni-graz.at/~katzer/engl/index.html|title=Gernot Katzer's Spice Pages|accessdate=2006-12-26}}</ref>
 +
* [[Ajowan]] seed
 +
* [[Anise]] seed
 +
* [[Black pepper]] seed
 +
* [[Cardamom]] seed
 +
* [[Caraway]] seed
 +
* [[Celery]] seed
 +
* [[Chile pepper]] seed
 +
* [[Cubeb]] seed
 +
* [[Cumin]] seed
 +
* [[Coriander]] seed
 +
* [[Dill]] seed
 +
* [[Fennel]] seed
 +
* [[Fenugreek]] seed
 +
* [[Juniper]] seed
 +
* [[Nutmeg|Mace]]
 +
* [[Mustard seed]]
 +
* [[Nigella]] seed
 +
* [[Nutmeg]]
 +
* [[Pomegranate]] seed
 +
* [[Opium poppy#Use as food|Poppy seed]]
 +
* [[Sesame]] seed
 +
* [[Vanilla]]
 +
 +
== Miscellaneous ==
 +
* [[Cempedak]]
 +
* [[Durian]] 
 +
* [[Fluted pumpkin]]
 +
* [[Jackfruit]]
 +
* [[Lotus seed]]
 +
* [[Malabar gourd]]
 +
* [[Pistachio#Cultivation and uses|Pistachio]]
 +
* [[Pumpkin seed]]
 +
* [[Sunflower seed]]
 +
 +
== Edible fruits of which seeds are eaten incidentally ==
 +
* [[Blackberry]]
 +
* [[Blueberry]]
 +
* [[Cranberry]]
 +
* [[Cucumber]]
 +
* [[Eggplant]]
 +
* [[Fig]]
 +
* [[Huckleberry]]
 +
* [[Kiwifruit]]
 +
* [[Mulberry]]
 +
* [[Okra]]
 +
* [[Raspberry]]
 +
* [[Strawberry]]
 +
* [[Tomatillo]]
 +
* [[Tomato]]
 +
* [[Winter melon]]
 +
* [[Zucchini]]
 +
 +
== References ==
 +
 +
== See also ==
 +
* [[List of vegetable oils]]
 +
* [[List of snack foods#seeds or nuts|List of seed-based snacks]]
 +
* [[Eastern Agricultural Complex]]
 +
* [[Nut (fruit)]]
 +
* [[Pulse (legume)|Pulse]]
 +
* [[Seed]]
 +
 +
[[Category:Lists of foods|Seeds, list of edible]]
 +
[[Category:Lists of plants]]
 +
[[Category:Edible nuts and seeds| ]]

Navigation menu