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Apple (view source)

Revision as of 22:10, 24 September 2007

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The '''apple''' is a [[tree]] and its [[pome|pomaceous]] [[fruit]], of the [[species]] ''Malus domestica'' in the [[rose]] family [[Rosaceae]]. It is one of the most widely [[Cultivation|cultivated]] tree fruits. It is a small [[deciduous]] tree reaching 5-12 m tall, with a broad, often densely twiggy crown. The [[leaf|leaves]] are [[leaf arrangement|alternately]] arranged, simple oval with an acute tip and serrated margin, slightly downy below, 5-12 cm long and 3-6 cm broad on a 2-5 cm petiole. The [[flower]]s are produced in spring with the leaves, white, usually tinged pink at first, 2.5-3.5 cm diameter, with five [[petal]]s. The fruit matures in [[autumn]], and is typically 5-9 cm diameter (rarely up to 15 cm). The centre of the fruit contains five [[carpel]]s arranged star-like, each carpel containing one or two (rarely three) [[seed]]s.
 
The '''apple''' is a [[tree]] and its [[pome|pomaceous]] [[fruit]], of the [[species]] ''Malus domestica'' in the [[rose]] family [[Rosaceae]]. It is one of the most widely [[Cultivation|cultivated]] tree fruits. It is a small [[deciduous]] tree reaching 5-12 m tall, with a broad, often densely twiggy crown. The [[leaf|leaves]] are [[leaf arrangement|alternately]] arranged, simple oval with an acute tip and serrated margin, slightly downy below, 5-12 cm long and 3-6 cm broad on a 2-5 cm petiole. The [[flower]]s are produced in spring with the leaves, white, usually tinged pink at first, 2.5-3.5 cm diameter, with five [[petal]]s. The fruit matures in [[autumn]], and is typically 5-9 cm diameter (rarely up to 15 cm). The centre of the fruit contains five [[carpel]]s arranged star-like, each carpel containing one or two (rarely three) [[seed]]s.
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== Origin of name ==
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The word 'apple' comes from the Old English word '''æppel''', which in turn has recognisable cognates in a number of the northern branches of the Indo-European language family. The prevailing theory is that 'apple' may be one of the most ancient [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] words (*''abl-'') to come down to English in a recognisable form.{{Fact|date=February 2007}} The scientific name ''malus'', on the other hand, comes from the Latin word for apple, and ultimately from the archaic Greek ''mālon'' (''mēlon'' in later dialects). The legendary placename [[Avalon]] is thought to come from a Celtic evolution of the same root as the English 'apple'; the name of the town of [[Avellino]], near [[Naples]] in [[Italy]] is likewise thought to come from the same root via the [[Italic language]]s.
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[[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]] assigned the apple to the genus ''Pyrus'', along with [[pear]]s and [[quince]]s. Philip Miller subsequently separated the apple into its own genus, a division repeatedly ratified over the years.
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