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Aquilegia (view source)

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A light sandy soil, moist, with good drainage, sheltered, but exposed to sun, is what aquilegias prefer. Some of the stronger species, when of nearly full flowering size, may be transplanted into heavier garden soil, even heavy clay, and made to succeed; but for the rearing of young seedlings, a light, sandy loam is essential. The seed of most columbines is rather slow in germinating, and it is necessary to keep the soil moist on top of the ground until the young plants are up. A coldframe, with medium heavy cotton covering, is a good place to grow the plants. The cotton retains sufficient moisture to keep the soil moist on top, and still admits sufficient circulation of air to prevent damping-off of the young seedlings. When large enough, the seedlings may be pricked out into another frame for a time, or, by shading for a few days until they get a start, they may be set into the permanent border, or wherever they are to be placed.
 
A light sandy soil, moist, with good drainage, sheltered, but exposed to sun, is what aquilegias prefer. Some of the stronger species, when of nearly full flowering size, may be transplanted into heavier garden soil, even heavy clay, and made to succeed; but for the rearing of young seedlings, a light, sandy loam is essential. The seed of most columbines is rather slow in germinating, and it is necessary to keep the soil moist on top of the ground until the young plants are up. A coldframe, with medium heavy cotton covering, is a good place to grow the plants. The cotton retains sufficient moisture to keep the soil moist on top, and still admits sufficient circulation of air to prevent damping-off of the young seedlings. When large enough, the seedlings may be pricked out into another frame for a time, or, by shading for a few days until they get a start, they may be set into the permanent border, or wherever they are to be placed.
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A. baikalensis, Hort. Fls. large, violet-blue, spurs long.—A. hay- lodg'nsis, Hort., and its var. delicatissima, Hort., are much like A. chrysantha, and resemble it in habit and color of fls. but the spurs are not so long.
 
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[[Image:Aquilegia pyrenaica1JUSA.jpg|thumb|right|[[Pyrenean Columbine]], ''[[Aquilegia pyrenaica]]'']]
 
[[Image:Aquilegia pyrenaica1JUSA.jpg|thumb|right|[[Pyrenean Columbine]], ''[[Aquilegia pyrenaica]]'']]
 
* ''[[Aquilegia alpina]]'' <small>L.</small>
 
* ''[[Aquilegia alpina]]'' <small>L.</small>
−
* ''[[Aquilegia atrata]]'' <small>W.D.J.Koch</small> &ndash; [[Dark Columbine]]
+
* ''[[Aquilegia atrata]]'' <small>W.D.J.Koch</small> – [[Dark Columbine]]
 
* ''[[Aquilegia atrovinosa]]''
 
* ''[[Aquilegia atrovinosa]]''
 
* ''[[Aquilegia aurea]]'' <small>Janka</small>
 
* ''[[Aquilegia aurea]]'' <small>Janka</small>
−
* ''[[Aquilegia barbaricina]]'' &ndash; [[Barbaricina Colombine]] (doubtfully valid)
+
* ''[[Aquilegia barbaricina]]'' – [[Barbaricina Colombine]] (doubtfully valid)
−
* ''[[Aquilegia barnebyi]]'' &ndash; [[Oil Shale Columbine]]
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* ''[[Aquilegia barnebyi]]'' – [[Oil Shale Columbine]]
 
* ''[[Aquilegia bernardii]]'' <small>Gren. & Godr.</small>
 
* ''[[Aquilegia bernardii]]'' <small>Gren. & Godr.</small>
 
* ''[[Aquilegia bertolonii]]'' <small>Schott</small>
 
* ''[[Aquilegia bertolonii]]'' <small>Schott</small>
 
* ''[[Aquilegia blecicii]]'' <small>Podobnik</small> (doubtfully valid)
 
* ''[[Aquilegia blecicii]]'' <small>Podobnik</small> (doubtfully valid)
−
* ''[[Aquilegia brevistyla]]'' &ndash; [[Smallflower Columbine]]
+
* ''[[Aquilegia brevistyla]]'' – [[Smallflower Columbine]]
 
* ''[[Aquilegia buergeriana]]''
 
* ''[[Aquilegia buergeriana]]''
−
* ''[[Aquilegia caerulea]]'' &ndash; [[Colorado Blue Columbine]]
+
* ''[[Aquilegia caerulea]]'' – [[Colorado Blue Columbine]]
−
* ''[[Aquilegia canadensis]]'' &ndash; [[Canadian Columbine]], Wild Columbine, &quot;[[red columbine]]&quot;
+
* ''[[Aquilegia canadensis]]'' – [[Canadian Columbine]], Wild Columbine, &quot;[[red columbine]]&quot;
 
* ''[[Aquilegia champagnatii]]'' <small>Moraldo, E.Nardi & la Valva</small> (doubtfully valid)
 
* ''[[Aquilegia champagnatii]]'' <small>Moraldo, E.Nardi & la Valva</small> (doubtfully valid)
−
* ''[[Aquilegia chrysantha]]'' &ndash; [[Golden Columbine]]
+
* ''[[Aquilegia chrysantha]]'' – [[Golden Columbine]]
−
* ''[[Aquilegia desertorum]]'' &ndash; [[Desert Columbine]]
+
* ''[[Aquilegia desertorum]]'' – [[Desert Columbine]]
−
* ''[[Aquilegia desolatica]]'' &ndash; [[Desolation Columbine]]
+
* ''[[Aquilegia desolatica]]'' – [[Desolation Columbine]]
 
* ''[[Aquilegia dinarica]]'' <small>Beck</small>
 
* ''[[Aquilegia dinarica]]'' <small>Beck</small>
 
* ''[[Aquilegia ecalcarata]]''
 
* ''[[Aquilegia ecalcarata]]''
 
* ''[[Aquilegia einseleana]]'' <small>F.W.Schultz</small>
 
* ''[[Aquilegia einseleana]]'' <small>F.W.Schultz</small>
−
* ''[[Aquilegia elegantula]]'' &ndash; [[Western Red Columbine]]
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* ''[[Aquilegia elegantula]]'' – [[Western Red Columbine]]
−
* ''[[Aquilegia eximia]]'' &ndash; [[Van Houtte's Columbine]]
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* ''[[Aquilegia eximia]]'' – [[Van Houtte's Columbine]]
−
* ''[[Aquilegia flabellata]]'' &ndash; [[Fan Columbine]], ''wodamakinari'' ([[Japanese (language)|Japanese]]) (including ''A. akitensis'')
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* ''[[Aquilegia flabellata]]'' – [[Fan Columbine]], ''wodamakinari'' ([[Japanese (language)|Japanese]]) (including ''A. akitensis'')
−
* ''[[Aquilegia flavescens]]'' &ndash; [[Yellow Columbine]]
+
* ''[[Aquilegia flavescens]]'' – [[Yellow Columbine]]
−
* ''[[Aquilegia fragrans]]'' <small>Benth.</small> &ndash; [[Fragrant Columbine]]<!-- CurtisBotMag20:147. -->
+
* ''[[Aquilegia fragrans]]'' <small>Benth.</small> – [[Fragrant Columbine]]<!-- CurtisBotMag20:147. -->
−
* ''[[Aquilegia formosa]]'' &ndash; [[Crimson Columbine]], Western Columbine, &quot;[[red columbine]]&quot;
+
* ''[[Aquilegia formosa]]'' – [[Crimson Columbine]], Western Columbine, &quot;[[red columbine]]&quot;
 
* ''[[Aquilegia glandulosa]]''
 
* ''[[Aquilegia glandulosa]]''
−
* ''[[Aquilegia grahamii]]'' &ndash; [[Graham's Columbine]]
+
* ''[[Aquilegia grahamii]]'' – [[Graham's Columbine]]
 
* ''[[Aquilegia grata]]''
 
* ''[[Aquilegia grata]]''
 
* ''[[Aquilegia × hybrida]]''
 
* ''[[Aquilegia × hybrida]]''
 
* ''[[Aquilegia incurvata]]''
 
* ''[[Aquilegia incurvata]]''
 
* ''[[Aquilegia japonica]]''
 
* ''[[Aquilegia japonica]]''
−
* ''[[Aquilegia jonesii]]'' &ndash; [[Jones' Columbine]]
+
* ''[[Aquilegia jonesii]]'' – [[Jones' Columbine]]
 
* ''[[Aquilegia karatavica]]''
 
* ''[[Aquilegia karatavica]]''
 
* ''[[Aquilegia karelini]]''
 
* ''[[Aquilegia karelini]]''
 
* ''[[Aquilegia kitaibelii]]'' <small>Schott</small>
 
* ''[[Aquilegia kitaibelii]]'' <small>Schott</small>
 
* ''[[Aquilegia lactiflora]]''
 
* ''[[Aquilegia lactiflora]]''
−
* ''[[Aquilegia laramiensis]]'' &ndash; [[Laramie Columbine]]
+
* ''[[Aquilegia laramiensis]]'' – [[Laramie Columbine]]
 
* ''[[Aquilegia litardierei]]'' <small>Briq.</small>
 
* ''[[Aquilegia litardierei]]'' <small>Briq.</small>
−
* ''[[Aquilegia longissima]]'' &ndash; [[Longspur Columbine]]
+
* ''[[Aquilegia longissima]]'' – [[Longspur Columbine]]
−
* ''[[Aquilegia loriae]]'' &ndash; [[Lori's Columbine]]
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* ''[[Aquilegia loriae]]'' – [[Lori's Columbine]]
−
* ''[[Aquilegia magellensis]]'' <small>F.Conti & Soldano</small> &ndash; [[Magella Columbine]]
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* ''[[Aquilegia magellensis]]'' <small>F.Conti & Soldano</small> – [[Magella Columbine]]
 
* ''[[Aquilegia × maruyamana]]''
 
* ''[[Aquilegia × maruyamana]]''
−
* ''[[Aquilegia micrantha]]'' &ndash; [[Mancos Columbine]]
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* ''[[Aquilegia micrantha]]'' – [[Mancos Columbine]]
 
* ''[[Aquilegia moorcroftiana]]''
 
* ''[[Aquilegia moorcroftiana]]''
 
* ''[[Aquilegia nigricans]]'' <small>Baumg.</small>
 
* ''[[Aquilegia nigricans]]'' <small>Baumg.</small>
 
* ''[[Aquilegia nugorensis]]'' <small>Arrigoni & E.Nardi</small> (doubtfully valid)
 
* ''[[Aquilegia nugorensis]]'' <small>Arrigoni & E.Nardi</small> (doubtfully valid)
−
* ''[[Aquilegia nuragica]]'' &ndash; [[Nuragica Columbine]]
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* ''[[Aquilegia nuragica]]'' – [[Nuragica Columbine]]
 
* ''[[Aquilegia olympica]]''
 
* ''[[Aquilegia olympica]]''
 
* ''[[Aquilegia ottonis]]'' <small>Orph. ex Boiss.</small>
 
* ''[[Aquilegia ottonis]]'' <small>Orph. ex Boiss.</small>
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* ''[[Aquilegia pancicii]]'' <small>Degen</small>
 
* ''[[Aquilegia pancicii]]'' <small>Degen</small>
 
* ''[[Aquilegia parviflora]]''
 
* ''[[Aquilegia parviflora]]''
−
* ''[[Aquilegia pubescens]]'' &ndash; [[Sierra Columbine]], Coville's Columbine, sometimes misnomed &quot;[[Yellow Columbine]]&quot;
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* ''[[Aquilegia pubescens]]'' – [[Sierra Columbine]], Coville's Columbine, sometimes misnomed &quot;[[Yellow Columbine]]&quot;
 
* ''[[Aquilegia pubiflora]]''
 
* ''[[Aquilegia pubiflora]]''
−
* ''[[Aquilegia pyrenaica]]'' <small>DC.</small> &ndash; [[Pyrenean Columbine]]
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* ''[[Aquilegia pyrenaica]]'' <small>DC.</small> – [[Pyrenean Columbine]]
 
* ''[[Aquilegia rockii]]''
 
* ''[[Aquilegia rockii]]''
−
* ''[[Aquilegia saximontana]]'' &ndash; [[Rocky Mountain Columbine]]
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* ''[[Aquilegia saximontana]]'' – [[Rocky Mountain Columbine]]
−
* ''[[Aquilegia scopulorum]]'' &ndash; [[Blue Columbine]], [[Utah Columbine]]
+
* ''[[Aquilegia scopulorum]]'' – [[Blue Columbine]], [[Utah Columbine]]
−
* ''[[Aquilegia shockleyi]]'' &ndash; [[Desert Columbine]]
+
* ''[[Aquilegia shockleyi]]'' – [[Desert Columbine]]
 
* ''[[Aquilegia sibirica]]''
 
* ''[[Aquilegia sibirica]]''
 
* ''[[Aquilegia thalictrifolia]]'' <small>Schott & Kotschy</small>
 
* ''[[Aquilegia thalictrifolia]]'' <small>Schott & Kotschy</small>
 
* ''[[Aquilegia transsilvanica]]'' <small>Schur</small>
 
* ''[[Aquilegia transsilvanica]]'' <small>Schur</small>
−
* ''[[Aquilegia triternata]]'' &ndash; [[Chiricahua Mountain Columbine]]
+
* ''[[Aquilegia triternata]]'' – [[Chiricahua Mountain Columbine]]
 
* ''[[Aquilegia turczaninovii]]''
 
* ''[[Aquilegia turczaninovii]]''
 
* ''[[Aquilegia viridiflora]]''
 
* ''[[Aquilegia viridiflora]]''
 
* ''[[Aquilegia viscosa]]'' <small>Gouan</small>
 
* ''[[Aquilegia viscosa]]'' <small>Gouan</small>
 
* ''[[Aquilegia vitalii]]''
 
* ''[[Aquilegia vitalii]]''
−
* ''[[Aquilegia vulgaris]]'' &ndash; [[Common Columbine]], European Columbine, Granny's Nightcap
+
* ''[[Aquilegia vulgaris]]'' – [[Common Columbine]], European Columbine, Granny's Nightcap
 
* ''[[Aquilegia yabeana]]''
 
* ''[[Aquilegia yabeana]]''
  
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