Aquilegia
Habit | herbaceous
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Height: | ⇕ | 6 in"in" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 6. to 30 in"in" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 30. |
Lifespan: | ⌛ | perennial |
Poisonous: | ☠ | yes, see text |
Bloom: | ❀ | mid spring |
Exposure: | ☼ | sun, part-sun |
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Water: | ◍ | moderate |
Features: | ✓ | flowers, naturalizes, foliage |
USDA Zones: | 3 to 9.5 | |
Flower features: | ❀ | red, yellow, blue, purple, multicolored, pink, white, single, double |
Colombine [1] is a genus of about 60-70 species of columbines, herbaceous perennial plants that are found in meadows, woodlands, and at higher altitudes throughout the Northern Hemisphere. They are known for their distinctive flowers, generally bell-shaped, with each petal modified into an elongated nectar spur. Its fruit takes the form of a follicle.[2] Columbine is derived from the Latin word for Dove.
ExpandRead about Aquilegia in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture
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The flowers of various species of Aquilegia were consumed in moderation by Native Americans as a condiment with other fresh greens, and are reported to be very sweet, and safe if consumed in small quantities. The plants seeds and roots are highly poisonous, and contain cardiogenic toxins which cause both severe gastroenteritis and heart palpitations if consumed as food.
Cultivation
Aquilegia calendar? | ||
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January: | ||
February: | ||
March: | sow | |
April: | transplant | |
May: | flowering | |
June: | flowering | |
July: | ||
August: | ||
September: | divide | |
October: | sow | |
November: | ||
December: | ||
Notes: |
Large numbers of hybrids are now available for the garden, since the British A vulgaris was joined by other European and N American varieties. [3] Aquilegia species are very interfertile, and will self sow. [4]
Propagation
Pests and diseases
Species
Selected species: Columbine species include:[5]
- Aquilegia alpina L.
- Aquilegia atrata W.D.J.Koch – Dark Columbine
- Aquilegia atrovinosa
- Aquilegia aurea Janka
- Aquilegia barbaricina – Barbaricina Colombine (doubtfully valid)
- Aquilegia barnebyi – Oil Shale Columbine
- Aquilegia bernardii Gren. & Godr.
- Aquilegia bertolonii Schott
- Aquilegia blecicii Podobnik (doubtfully valid)
- Aquilegia brevistyla – Smallflower Columbine
- Aquilegia buergeriana
- Aquilegia caerulea – Colorado Blue Columbine
- Aquilegia canadensis – Canadian Columbine, Wild Columbine, "red columbine"
- Aquilegia champagnatii Moraldo, E.Nardi & la Valva (doubtfully valid)
- Aquilegia chrysantha – Golden Columbine
- Aquilegia desertorum – Desert Columbine
- Aquilegia desolatica – Desolation Columbine
- Aquilegia dinarica Beck
- Aquilegia ecalcarata
- Aquilegia einseleana F.W.Schultz
- Aquilegia elegantula – Western Red Columbine
- Aquilegia eximia – Van Houtte's Columbine
- Aquilegia flabellata – Fan Columbine, wodamakinari (Japanese) (including A. akitensis)
- Aquilegia flavescens – Yellow Columbine
- Aquilegia fragrans Benth. – Fragrant Columbine
- Aquilegia formosa – Crimson Columbine, Western Columbine, "red columbine"
- Aquilegia glandulosa
- Aquilegia grahamii – Graham's Columbine
- Aquilegia grata
- Aquilegia × hybrida
- Aquilegia incurvata
- Aquilegia japonica
- Aquilegia jonesii – Jones' Columbine
- Aquilegia karatavica
- Aquilegia karelini
- Aquilegia kitaibelii Schott
- Aquilegia lactiflora
- Aquilegia laramiensis – Laramie Columbine
- Aquilegia litardierei Briq.
- Aquilegia longissima – Longspur Columbine
- Aquilegia loriae – Lori's Columbine
- Aquilegia magellensis F.Conti & Soldano – Magella Columbine
- Aquilegia × maruyamana
- Aquilegia micrantha – Mancos Columbine
- Aquilegia moorcroftiana
- Aquilegia nigricans Baumg.
- Aquilegia nugorensis Arrigoni & E.Nardi (doubtfully valid)
- Aquilegia nuragica – Nuragica Columbine
- Aquilegia olympica
- Aquilegia ottonis Orph. ex Boiss.
- Aquilegia oxysepala
- Aquilegia pancicii Degen
- Aquilegia parviflora
- Aquilegia pubescens – Sierra Columbine, Coville's Columbine, sometimes misnomed "Yellow Columbine"
- Aquilegia pubiflora
- Aquilegia pyrenaica DC. – Pyrenean Columbine
- Aquilegia rockii
- Aquilegia saximontana – Rocky Mountain Columbine
- Aquilegia scopulorum – Blue Columbine, Utah Columbine
- Aquilegia shockleyi – Desert Columbine
- Aquilegia sibirica
- Aquilegia thalictrifolia Schott & Kotschy
- Aquilegia transsilvanica Schur
- Aquilegia triternata – Chiricahua Mountain Columbine
- Aquilegia turczaninovii
- Aquilegia viridiflora
- Aquilegia viscosa Gouan
- Aquilegia vitalii
- Aquilegia vulgaris – Common Columbine, European Columbine, Granny's Nightcap
- Aquilegia yabeana
Gallery
References
- ↑ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
- ↑ Dezhi & Robinson (2001)
- ↑ Andrew McIndoe, Kevin Hobbs: Perennials. David & Charles, 2005 ISBN 1558707646, 9781558707641
- ↑ New England Wild Flower Society Guide to Growing and Propagating Wildflowers of the United States and Canada
- ↑ Dezhi & Robinson (2001), RBGE [2008], USDA [2008]
- Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture, by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
External links
- w:Aquilegia. Some of the material on this page may be from Wikipedia, under the Creative Commons license.
- Aquilegia QR Code (Size 50, 100, 200, 500)