Difference between revisions of "Sambucus canadensis"

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|species=canadensis
 
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|common_name=American elder, American elderberry, Sweet elder
 
|common_name=American elder, American elderberry, Sweet elder
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|usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
 
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'''''Sambucus canadensis''''' ('''American Elderberry''') is a species of [[elderberry]] native to a large area of [[North America]] east of the [[Rocky Mountains]], and south through eastern [[Mexico]] and [[Central America]] to [[Panama]]. It grows in a variety of conditions including both wet and dry soils, primarily in sunny locations.
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==Growth==
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It is a [[deciduous]] suckering [[shrub]] growing to 3 m or more tall. The [[leaf|leaves]] are arranged in opposite pairs, pinnate with five to nine leaflets, the leaflets around 10&nbsp;cm long and 5&nbsp;cm broad. In summer, it bears large (20-30&nbsp;cm diameter) [[corymb]]s of white [[flower]]s above the foliage, the individual flowers 5-6&nbsp;mm diameter, with five petals.
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The [[fruit]] is a dark purple to black [[berry]] 3-5&nbsp;mm diameter, produced in drooping clusters in the fall. The berries and flowers are edible, but other parts of the plant are poisonous, containing toxic [[calcium oxalate]] crystals.
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Sambucus canadensis, Linn. American or Sweet Elder. Shrub, to 12 ft., stoloniferous: branches pale yellowish gray, slightly lenticellate: lvs. bright green; lfts. usually 7, short-stalked, elliptic to lanceolate, acute or acuminate, sharply serrate, sometimes pubescent on the veins beneath, 2-5 in. long: cymes 5-rayed, to 10 in. across: fr. purplish black, usually 4-celled. June, July; fr. in Sept. Nova Scotia and Man. to Fla. and Texas. —The handsomest and most effective of the elders in bloom, also attractive when weighed down with its large clusters of purplish black berries.
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Sambucus canadensis, Linn. American or Sweet Elder. Fig. 3543. Shrub, to 12 ft., stoloniferous: branches pale yellowish gray, slightly lenticellate: lvs. bright green; lfts. usually 7, short-stalked, elliptic to lanceolate, acute or acuminate, sharply serrate, sometimes pubescent on the veins beneath, 2-5 in. long: cymes 5-rayed, to 10 in. across: fr. purplish black, usually 4-celled. June, July; fr. in Sept. Nova Scotia and Man. to Fla. and Texas. B.B. (ed. 2) 3:268. G. 27:541. M.D.G. 1899:169. Var. submollis, Rehd. Lvs. grayish green and soft-pubescent beneath. Ill. to Ark. and Texas. Var. maxima, Hesse. Lvs. larger: cymes to 18 in. across. Very vigorous grower. G.W. 11, p. 397. G.M. 51:451. Var. acutiloba, Ellwanger & Barry (var. laciniata, Cowell). Lvs. much dissected, the lower lfts. pinnatifid, the upper ones incisely serrate and narrowly lanceolate. A very handsome and distinct form. F.S.R. 1. p. 151. Var. aurea, Cowell (var. delicatissima, Schwerin). Lvs. golden yellow: berries cherry-red. F.E. 22:433. Var. chlorocarpa, Rehd. Fr. greenish: lvs. pale yellowish green.—The handsomest and most effective of the elders in bloom, also attractive when weighed down with its large clusters of purplish black berries.
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Var. submollis, Rehd. Lvs. grayish green and soft-pubescent beneath. Ill. to Ark. and Texas.  
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Var. maxima, Hesse. Lvs. larger: cymes to 18 in. across. Very vigorous grower.  
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Var. acutiloba, Ellwanger & Barry (var. laciniata, Cowell). Lvs. much dissected, the lower lfts. pinnatifid, the upper ones incisely serrate and narrowly lanceolate. A very handsome and distinct form.  
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Var. aurea, Cowell (var. delicatissima, Schwerin). Lvs. golden yellow: berries cherry-red.  
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Var. chlorocarpa, Rehd. Fr. greenish: lvs. pale yellowish green.
 
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==Cultivation==
 
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===Propagation===
 
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==Species==
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==Varieties==
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Image:Sambucus canadensis W IMG_3144.jpg|Flowers in [[Herbal Garden]]
 
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==References==
 
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
 
*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
 
<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
 
<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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Latest revision as of 23:36, 10 May 2010


Foliage and fruit


Plant Characteristics
Habit   shrub

Height: ⇕ 8 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 8. to 12 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 12.
Width: ⇔ 12 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 12.
Lifespan: ⌛ perennial
Bloom: ❀ early summer, mid summer, late summer
Cultivation
Exposure: ☼ sun
Features: ✓ deciduous, flowers
USDA Zones: 3 to 9
Flower features: ❀ white
Scientific Names

Caprifoliaceae >

Sambucus >

canadensis >


Sambucus canadensis (American Elderberry) is a species of elderberry native to a large area of North America east of the Rocky Mountains, and south through eastern Mexico and Central America to Panama. It grows in a variety of conditions including both wet and dry soils, primarily in sunny locations.

Growth

It is a deciduous suckering shrub growing to 3 m or more tall. The leaves are arranged in opposite pairs, pinnate with five to nine leaflets, the leaflets around 10 cm long and 5 cm broad. In summer, it bears large (20-30 cm diameter) corymbs of white flowers above the foliage, the individual flowers 5-6 mm diameter, with five petals.

The fruit is a dark purple to black berry 3-5 mm diameter, produced in drooping clusters in the fall. The berries and flowers are edible, but other parts of the plant are poisonous, containing toxic calcium oxalate crystals.


Read about Sambucus canadensis in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Sambucus canadensis, Linn. American or Sweet Elder. Shrub, to 12 ft., stoloniferous: branches pale yellowish gray, slightly lenticellate: lvs. bright green; lfts. usually 7, short-stalked, elliptic to lanceolate, acute or acuminate, sharply serrate, sometimes pubescent on the veins beneath, 2-5 in. long: cymes 5-rayed, to 10 in. across: fr. purplish black, usually 4-celled. June, July; fr. in Sept. Nova Scotia and Man. to Fla. and Texas. —The handsomest and most effective of the elders in bloom, also attractive when weighed down with its large clusters of purplish black berries.

Var. submollis, Rehd. Lvs. grayish green and soft-pubescent beneath. Ill. to Ark. and Texas.

Var. maxima, Hesse. Lvs. larger: cymes to 18 in. across. Very vigorous grower.

Var. acutiloba, Ellwanger & Barry (var. laciniata, Cowell). Lvs. much dissected, the lower lfts. pinnatifid, the upper ones incisely serrate and narrowly lanceolate. A very handsome and distinct form.

Var. aurea, Cowell (var. delicatissima, Schwerin). Lvs. golden yellow: berries cherry-red.

Var. chlorocarpa, Rehd. Fr. greenish: lvs. pale yellowish green. CH


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

Propagation

Pests and diseases

Varieties

Gallery

References

External links


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