Difference between revisions of "Syringa vulgaris"

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|common_name=Common lilac, French hybrid lilac
 
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'''''Syringa vulgaris''''' ('''Lilac''' or '''Common Lilac''') is a species of ''[[Syringa]]'' in the olive family [[Oleaceae]], native to the [[Balkan]] Peninsula in southeastern [[Europe]], where it grows on rocky hills.<ref name=rushforth>Rushforth, K. (1999). ''Trees of Britain and Europe''. Collins ISBN 0-00-220013-9.</ref><ref name=mc>Med-Checklist: [http://ww2.bgbm.org/mcl/PTaxonDetail.asp?NameId=15581&PTRefFK=1276 ''Syringa vulgaris'']</ref><ref name=fe>Flora Europaea: [http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Syringa&SPECIES_XREF=vulgaris&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK= ''Syringa vulgaris'']</ref>
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It is a large [[deciduous]] [[shrub]] or multi-stemmed small [[tree]], growing to 6–7 m high, producing secondary shoots ("suckers") with stem diameters of up to 20 cm from the base or roots, which in the course of decades may produce a small clonal thicket.<ref>In second-growth woodlands of New England, a thicket of lilac may be the first indication of the cellar-hole of a vanished nineteenth-century timber-framed farmhouse.</ref> The [[bark]] is grey to grey-brown, smooth on young stems, longitudinally furrowed and flaking on older stems. The [[leaf|leaves]] are simple, 4–12 cm long and 3–8 cm broad, light green to glaucous, oval to cordate, with pinnate leaf venation, a mucronate [[Meristem|apex]] and an entire margin. They are arranged in opposite pairs or occasionally in whorls of three. The [[flower]]s have a tubular base to the [[Corolla (flower)|corolla]] 6–10 mm long with an open four-lobed apex 5–8 mm across, usually [[lilac]] to [[mauve]], occasionally white. They are arranged in a dense, terminal [[panicle]] 8-18 cm long. The [[fruit]] is a dry, smooth brown [[capsule (fruit)|capsule]], 1–2 cm long, splitting in two to release the two winged [[seed]]s.<ref name=rushforth/><ref name=blamey>Blamey, M. & Grey-Wilson, C. (1989). ''Flora of Britain and Northern Europe''. ISBN 0-340-40170-2</ref>
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Common Lilac is a very common [[ornamental plant]] in gardens and parks, because of the attractive, sweet smell of its flowers. Most garden plants are [[cultivar]]s ("French Lilacs")<ref>Between 1876 and 1927, the nurseryman [[Victor Lemoine]] of Nancy introduced introduced over 153 named cultivars, many of them classics still in commerce; Lemoine's "French Lilacs" extended the limited color range towards lilac-pink and lilac-blue, and he also selected for deep, saturated hues and double-flowered "sports".</ref> with flowers varying from white to dark lilac; some have double flowers with the stamens replaced by extra petals. The cultivar 'Aurea' has yellowish foliage. The majority of garden cultivars do not exceed 4-5 m tall.<ref name=rhs>Huxley, A., ed. (1992). ''New RHS Dictionary of Gardening''. Macmillan ISBN 0-333-47494-5.</ref>
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There is no fall color and the seed clusters have no aesthetic appeal.
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Common lilac tends to flower profusely in alternate years, a habit that can be improved by deadheading the flower clusters after the color has faded and before seeds, few of which are fertile, form. At the same time twiggy growth on shoots that have flowered more than once or twice can be cut to a strong, outward-growing side shoot.
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It is widely [[naturalisation (biology)|naturalised]] in western and northern Europe.<ref name=blamey/> In a sign of its complete naturalization in North America, it has been selected as the [[list of U.S. state flowers|state flower]] of the state of [[New Hampshire]], because it "is symbolic of that hardy character of the men and women of the Granite State".<ref>New Hampshire Revised Statute Annotated (RSA) 3:5</ref> Additional hardiness, for Canadian gardens, was bred for in a series of ''S. vulgaris'' hybrids by Isabella Preston, who introduced many of the later-blooming varieties, whose later-developing flower-buds are better protected from late spring frosts; the ''Syringa x prestoniae'' hybrids range primarily in the pink and lavender shades.<ref>[http://www.chicagobotanic.org/plantinfo/pp/lilac.php Chicago Botanic Garden]</ref>
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Syringa vulgaris, Linn. Upright shrub or small tree, 20 ft. high: lvs. ovate, truncate or slightly cordate, acuminate, bright green, 2-4 in. long: fls. lilac, blue, purplish, or white, in large panicles. May. S. E. Eu. to Caucasus and Afghanistan; sometimes escaped from gardens in the eastern states.—The most important of the older original varieties are the following: Var. alba, Ait., branches yellowish gray: fls. white; buds yellowish green; blooms a week earlier than the other varieties. Var. caerulea, Ait. Fls. blue, in rather loose panicles. Var. rubra, Loud. Fls. purplish red, in large and rather dense panicles. Here belong also var. marlyensis, Hort., and Charles X. Var. violacea, Ait. Fls. violet-lilac, in rather loose panicles. Var. plena, Hort. With double fls. There are several varieties with variegated lvs., but these are hardly worth cultivating.
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Syringa vulgaris, Linn. Figs. 3758, 3761, 3762. Upright shrub or small tree, 20 ft. high: lvs. ovate, truncate or slightly cordate, acuminate, bright green, 2-4 in. long: fls. lilac, blue, purplish, or white, in large panicles. May. S. E. Eu. to Caucasus and Afghanistan; sometimes escaped from gardens in the eastern states. B.M. 183. Gn. 53, p. 156. M.D.G. 1899:205. F.E. 22:5. R.H. 1903, pp. 126-128.—The most important of the older original varieties are the following: Var. alba, Ait., branches yellowish gray: fls. white; buds yellowish green; blooms a week earlier than the other varieties. A.F. 12:1081. Var. caerulea, Ait. Fls. blue, in rather loose panicles. Var. rubra, Loud. Fls. purplish red, in large and rather dense panicles. Here belong also var. marlyensis, Hort., and Charles X. Var. violacea, Ait. Fls. violet-lilac, in rather loose panicles. Var. plena, Hort. With double fls. There are several varieties with variegated lvs., but these are hardly worth cultivating.
 
 
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==Cultivation==
 
==Cultivation==
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===Propagation===
 
===Propagation===
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===Pests and diseases===
 
===Pests and diseases===
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In late summer, lilacs are attacked by [[powdery mildew]], specifically ''Erysiphe syringae'', one of the [[Erysiphaceae]].<ref>B. Ing, "An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews", in ''The Mycologist'' '''5'''.1 (1990:24-27).</ref>  
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==Varieties==
  
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==Species==
 
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<!--  This section should be renamed Cultivars if it appears on a page for a species (rather than genus), or perhaps Varieties if there is a mix of cultivars, species, hybrids, etc    -->
 
  
 
==Gallery==
 
==Gallery==
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery -->
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Image:Syringa.vulgaris(01).jpg|Flowers and heart-shaped leaves
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<gallery>
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Image:VulgarisAlba1bbUME.jpg|''Syringa vulgaris'' 'Alba'
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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Image:Syr.vulg.Charles Joly.jpg|''Syringa vulgaris'' 'Charles Joly'
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:SyringaVulgarisCorondel1a.UME.jpg|''Syringa vulgaris'' 'Corondel'
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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Image:SyringaVulgarisEtna2b.UME.jpg|''Syringa vulgaris'' 'Etna'
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Image:SyringaVulgarisMmeFrancisqueMorel1UME.jpg|''Syringa vulgaris'' 'Mme. Francisque Morel'
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Image:SyringaVulgarisMarechalFock1a.UME.jpg|''Syringa vulgaris'' 'Maréchal Foch'
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Image:Vulgaris1b.UME.jpg|Lilac in flower
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Image:Jorgovan-pcela4.JPG
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Image:Lilas.JPG
 
</gallery>
 
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==References==
 
==References==
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
 
<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
 
<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
 
<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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Latest revision as of 16:10, 23 June 2010


Flowers and leaves of Syringa vulgaris


Plant Characteristics
Habit   tree

Height: ⇕ 20 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 20.
Width: ⇔ 20 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 20.
Lifespan: ⌛ perennial
Bloom: ❀ early spring, mid spring, late spring, early summer, mid summer, late summer
Cultivation
Exposure: ☼ sun
Features: ✓ flowers, fragrance
USDA Zones: 4 to 9
Flower features: ❀ red, blue, purple, pink, white
Scientific Names

Oleaceae >

Syringa >

vulgaris >


Syringa vulgaris (Lilac or Common Lilac) is a species of Syringa in the olive family Oleaceae, native to the Balkan Peninsula in southeastern Europe, where it grows on rocky hills.[1][2][3]

It is a large deciduous shrub or multi-stemmed small tree, growing to 6–7 m high, producing secondary shoots ("suckers") with stem diameters of up to 20 cm from the base or roots, which in the course of decades may produce a small clonal thicket.[4] The bark is grey to grey-brown, smooth on young stems, longitudinally furrowed and flaking on older stems. The leaves are simple, 4–12 cm long and 3–8 cm broad, light green to glaucous, oval to cordate, with pinnate leaf venation, a mucronate apex and an entire margin. They are arranged in opposite pairs or occasionally in whorls of three. The flowers have a tubular base to the corolla 6–10 mm long with an open four-lobed apex 5–8 mm across, usually lilac to mauve, occasionally white. They are arranged in a dense, terminal panicle 8-18 cm long. The fruit is a dry, smooth brown capsule, 1–2 cm long, splitting in two to release the two winged seeds.[1][5]

Common Lilac is a very common ornamental plant in gardens and parks, because of the attractive, sweet smell of its flowers. Most garden plants are cultivars ("French Lilacs")[6] with flowers varying from white to dark lilac; some have double flowers with the stamens replaced by extra petals. The cultivar 'Aurea' has yellowish foliage. The majority of garden cultivars do not exceed 4-5 m tall.[7]

There is no fall color and the seed clusters have no aesthetic appeal.

Common lilac tends to flower profusely in alternate years, a habit that can be improved by deadheading the flower clusters after the color has faded and before seeds, few of which are fertile, form. At the same time twiggy growth on shoots that have flowered more than once or twice can be cut to a strong, outward-growing side shoot.

It is widely naturalised in western and northern Europe.[5] In a sign of its complete naturalization in North America, it has been selected as the state flower of the state of New Hampshire, because it "is symbolic of that hardy character of the men and women of the Granite State".[8] Additional hardiness, for Canadian gardens, was bred for in a series of S. vulgaris hybrids by Isabella Preston, who introduced many of the later-blooming varieties, whose later-developing flower-buds are better protected from late spring frosts; the Syringa x prestoniae hybrids range primarily in the pink and lavender shades.[9]


Read about Syringa vulgaris in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Syringa vulgaris, Linn. Upright shrub or small tree, 20 ft. high: lvs. ovate, truncate or slightly cordate, acuminate, bright green, 2-4 in. long: fls. lilac, blue, purplish, or white, in large panicles. May. S. E. Eu. to Caucasus and Afghanistan; sometimes escaped from gardens in the eastern states.—The most important of the older original varieties are the following: Var. alba, Ait., branches yellowish gray: fls. white; buds yellowish green; blooms a week earlier than the other varieties. Var. caerulea, Ait. Fls. blue, in rather loose panicles. Var. rubra, Loud. Fls. purplish red, in large and rather dense panicles. Here belong also var. marlyensis, Hort., and Charles X. Var. violacea, Ait. Fls. violet-lilac, in rather loose panicles. Var. plena, Hort. With double fls. There are several varieties with variegated lvs., but these are hardly worth cultivating. CH


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

Propagation

Pests and diseases

In late summer, lilacs are attacked by powdery mildew, specifically Erysiphe syringae, one of the Erysiphaceae.[10]

Varieties

Gallery

  • Flowers and heart-shaped leaves

  • Syringa vulgaris 'Alba'

  • Syringa vulgaris 'Charles Joly'

  • Syringa vulgaris 'Corondel'

  • Syringa vulgaris 'Etna'

  • Syringa vulgaris 'Mme. Francisque Morel'

  • Syringa vulgaris 'Maréchal Foch'

  • Lilac in flower

  • Jorgovan-pcela4.JPG
  • Lilas.JPG

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Rushforth, K. (1999). Trees of Britain and Europe. Collins ISBN 0-00-220013-9.
  2. ↑ Med-Checklist: Syringa vulgaris
  3. ↑ Flora Europaea: Syringa vulgaris
  4. ↑ In second-growth woodlands of New England, a thicket of lilac may be the first indication of the cellar-hole of a vanished nineteenth-century timber-framed farmhouse.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Blamey, M. & Grey-Wilson, C. (1989). Flora of Britain and Northern Europe. ISBN 0-340-40170-2
  6. ↑ Between 1876 and 1927, the nurseryman Victor Lemoine of Nancy introduced introduced over 153 named cultivars, many of them classics still in commerce; Lemoine's "French Lilacs" extended the limited color range towards lilac-pink and lilac-blue, and he also selected for deep, saturated hues and double-flowered "sports".
  7. ↑ Huxley, A., ed. (1992). New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. Macmillan ISBN 0-333-47494-5.
  8. ↑ New Hampshire Revised Statute Annotated (RSA) 3:5
  9. ↑ Chicago Botanic Garden
  10. ↑ B. Ing, "An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews", in The Mycologist 5.1 (1990:24-27).

External links


Retrieved from "http://gardenology.mywikis.net/w/index.php?title=Syringa_vulgaris&oldid=129905"