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Leach orchid (view source)

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Stelis (an old Greek name used by Theophrastus for some parasitical plant). Orchidaceae. Epiphytic herbs, some of them adapted to the warmhouse and others to the intermediate house: sts. cespitose or creeping, with simple branches 1-lvd. at the tip and frequently 1-3-sheathed below the lf., not pseudobulbous: lvs. leathery, often contracted at the base to the petiole which is frequently concave or channeled and sometimes articulate near the base: fls. small to minute, short-pedicelled in an elongated raceme at the base of the terminal lf., secund, rarely somewhat distichous; bracts alternate, various; sepals frequently subequal, broad or triangular, spreading, more or less connate; petals much shorter, broad, the margins thickened; labellum sessile at the base of the column, equal and similar to the petals or narrower and sometimes shortly 3-lobed; column equaling or shorter than the labellum; pollinia 2: caps. small, ovoid or oblong, not beaked, often 3-edged.—About 200 species, Mex. and W. Indies southward to Brazil and Peru. Treatment the same as for Pleurothallis.
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| name = ''Stelis''
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| common_names = Leach orchid
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S. barbata, Rolfe, is a species differing from S. Endresii in having long-bearded sepals and a tridenticulate lip: its fls. are greenish ochre-yellow with purple hairs and red-purple blotches. Costa Rica.—S. Binotii, Wildem., grows about 2 in. high: lvs. thick, 2-3 in. long, deeply channeled above: racemes 1-3, many-fld.: fls. green, not spotted: sepals membranaceous: petals concave, very short: lip hooded, about as long as the petals. Brazil. –S.Bruchmuelleri, Reichb. f., has lvs. 1 1/2 - 2 in. long: fls. yellowish purple outside, pale purple within, disposed at intervals along the rachis; sepals broadly ovate, acute, spreading, hairy within: petals and lip minute, the latter undivided. Mex. (?). B.M. 6521.—S. canaliculata, Reichb. f., is about 8 in. high, has cuneate-oblong, obtuse, thick lvs. which are plainly channeled in the middle: fls. dull yellowish green, very small, secund in dense racemes; bracts and rachis whitish. Colombia.—S. ciliaris, Lindl. (S. atropurpurea, Hook.), grows about 6 in. high: lvs. broadly oblong, narrowed at base: spike naked half way then closely fld.: fls. deep purple; sepals ovate, long-fringed; petals compressed-rhomboid, fleshy; lip ovate, fleshy, channeled at base. Mex. B.B. 3975.-S. dolichopus, Schlechter, has sts. about 6 in. high: lvs. rather thick, oblong-ligulate, up to nearly 4 in. long: raceme only 1 1/4 – 1 3/4 in. long: fls. pale yellow. Probably Colombia.—S. Endresii, Reichb. f., has lvs. cuneate, oblong-ligulate, obtuse, emarginate and apiculate, thick: raceme distichous: fls. greenish white: sepals coalescing toward the base: lip fleshy, transversely subrhomboid, excavated. Costa Rica.—S. glossula, Reichb. f., is densely tufted: lvs. cuneate, oblong-ligulate, minutely bilobed with a small tooth at apex: fls. brownish, in 2 transverse rows; the upper sepal having a longer extent than the whole of the other floral organs together; lip fleshy, papilli-form. Costa Rica.—S. grandiflora, Lindl., has sts. 3 in. high: lvs. oblong, petiolate, emarginate, 4 1/2 x 1 in.: spike dense; spathe large, acuminate: fls. chocolate-colored, large for the genus: sepals equal, obtuse; petals ovate; lip ovate, concave, emarginate. Brazil.— S. grossilabris, Reichb. f. Plant tufted: lvs. cuneate, spatulate, obtuse: racemes shorter than the lvs.: fls. light greenish, small; lip thick and fleshy. Hab.(?).—S. Hennisiana, Schlechter, has slender sts. up to 2 1/2 in. long, 1-lvd.: lvs. lanceolate-ligulate, about 3 in. long, petiole 1 1/4 in. long: racemes slender, 1-sided, many-fld., usually slightly longer than the lvs.: fls. dark purple-red. Colombia. —S. macroglossa, Hort., is offered in the trade.—S. micrantha, Swartz, grows 3-6 in. high: lvs. lanceolate-oblong, rather blunt, 1-2 1/2 in. long: raceme slender, spike-like: fls. whitish, red within, nodding, l-sided-distichous; sepals deltoid; petals and lip truncate. Jamaica. L.B.C. 11:1011.—S. ophioglossoides, Swartz, has the st. shorter than the lvs., which are 2 1/2- 6 in. long, oblong-linear, rather blunt, long-tapering at the base: raceme slender, 1-sided, pedunculate: fls. greenish, with a tinge of purple, minute. W. Indies. B.R. 935. L.B.C. 50:442.—S. sesquipedalis, Lindl., is about 6 in. high: lvs. broadly oval, shortly petiolate, 1 1/2 - 4 in. long: spike 7-10 in. long: fls. pale yellow, secund, large; sepals roundish ovate, obtuse; petals oblate; lip oblate, hooded. Venezuela.—S. venosa, Hort., said to have 6 lvs., is offered in the trade.—S. zonata, Reichb. f., has a short st.: lvs, very thick, cuneate-oblong, blunt: raceme 1-sided: fls. light ochre; sepals brown at base; petals with a mauve middle zone. Guiana.
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| growth_habit = herbaceous
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| high = ?  <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
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| wide =    <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
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:''For the bee genus '''Stelis''', see [[Stelis (bee)]]''.
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| origin = ?  <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
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| poisonous =    <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
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{{Taxobox
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| lifespan = perennial
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| color = lightgreen
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| exposure = ?  <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
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| name = Leach orchid
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| water = ?   <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
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| features =    <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
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| hardiness =    <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
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| bloom =    <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
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| usda_zones = ?  <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
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| sunset_zones =    <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
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| color = IndianRed
 
| image = Stelis argentata.jpg
 
| image = Stelis argentata.jpg
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| image_width = 250px
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| image_width = 240px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
 
| image_caption = Silvery stelis (''[[Stelis argentata]]'')
 
| image_caption = Silvery stelis (''[[Stelis argentata]]'')
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| regnum = Plantae
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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| divisio = Magnoliophyta
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| classis = [[Monocotyledon|Liliopsida]]
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| classis = Liliopsida
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| ordo = [[Asparagales]]
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| ordo = Asparagales
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| familia = [[Orchidaceae]]
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| familia = Orchidaceae
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| subfamilia = [[Epidendroideae]]
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| subfamilia = Epidendroideae
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| tribus = [[Epidendreae]]
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| tribus = Epidendreae
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| subtribus = [[Pleurothallidinae]]
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| subtribus = Pleurothallidinae
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| genus = '''''Stelis'''''
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| genus = Stelis
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| genus_authority = [[Olof Swartz|Sw.]], 1799
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}}
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| subdivision_ranks = Species
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{{Inc|
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| subdivision =
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[[Image:Jndianisch Mispel.jpg|thumb|right|150px|'Indian mistletoe', first depiction of a ''Stelis'' orchid <br /> Herbal Book of Johannes Theodorus Tabernaemontanus]]
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See text.
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Stelis (an old Greek name used by Theophrastus for some parasitical plant). Orchidaceae. Epiphytic herbs, some of them adapted to the warmhouse and others to the intermediate house: sts. cespitose or creeping, with simple branches 1-lvd. at the tip and frequently 1-3-sheathed below the lf., not pseudobulbous: lvs. leathery, often contracted at the base to the petiole which is frequently concave or channeled and sometimes articulate near the base: fls. small to minute, short-pedicelled in an elongated raceme at the base of the terminal lf., secund, rarely somewhat distichous; bracts alternate, various; sepals frequently subequal, broad or triangular, spreading, more or less connate; petals much shorter, broad, the margins thickened; labellum sessile at the base of the column, equal and similar to the petals or narrower and sometimes shortly 3-lobed; column equaling or shorter than the labellum; pollinia 2: caps. small, ovoid or oblong, not beaked, often 3-edged.—About 500 species, Mex. and W. Indies southward to Brazil and Peru. Treatment the same as for [[Pleurothallis]].
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{{SCH}}
 
}}
 
}}
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'''Leach orchids''' ([[genus]] '''''Stelis''''') is a large group of [[orchid]]s, with perhaps 500 [[species]]. The generic name ''Stelis'' is the [[Greek (language)|Greek]] word for '[[mistletoe]]', referring to the [[epiphyte|epiphytic]] habit of these species.
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==Cultivation==
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{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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Many of the older species were named by [[John Lindley|Lindley]], Ruiz & Pavon and [[Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach|Reichenbach]], while many of the recent species were named by [[Dr. C. Luer]]. An orchid of the genus ''Stelis'' was probably the first [[United States|America]]n orchid ever to be brought to [[Europe]]. An [[herbarium]] specimen was depicted in 1591 in Tabernaemontanus' herbal book. These mainly [[epiphyte|epiphytic]] (rarely [[lithophyte|lithophytic]] [[plant]]s are distributed throughout damp mountain forests in tropical [[North America|North]] and [[Central America]].
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===Propagation===
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{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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[[Image:Jndianisch Mispel.jpg|thumb|right|250px|'Indian mistletoe', first depiction of a ''Stelis'' orchid <br /> Herbal Book of Johannes Theodorus Tabernaemontanus]]
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===Pests and diseases===
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==Description==
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{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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A single oblanceolate [[leaf]] develops from narrow, leathery outgrowths from a creeping [[Plant stem|stem]].
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Most species grow long, dense [[raceme]]s of small to minute flowers in diverse shades of white. Other colors are rare. These flowers are photosensitive, only opening in the sunlight. Some close completely at night.
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The three symmetrically rounded [[sepal]]s generally form a  triangle with a small central structure, made up of the [[column (botany)|column]], small [[petals]] and small [[labellum|lip]], though slight variation to this theme does occour.
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This genus is not common in cultivation.
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==Taxonomy==
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[[Cladistic]] research (by A. Pridgeon, R. Solano and M. Chase) has shown that the genus ''Stelis'' is [[monophyletic]]. But the distinction with several ''[[Pleurothallis]]'' subgenera is blurred (see Reference).
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They are closely related to the massive genus ''[[Pleurothallis]]'' and ''[[Masdevallia]]''. Although vegetatively the species show much variety, the [[flower]]s show a basic uniformity and are very similar throughout. '''''Apatostelis''''' <small>[[Garay]]</small>, '''''Dialissa''''' <small>[[John Lindley|Lindl.]]</small>, '''''Humboldtia''''' <small>[[Ruiz]] & [[Pav.]]</small> and '''''Steliopsis''''' <small>[[Brieger]]</small> are generally included into ''Stelis''.
      
==Species==
 
==Species==
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Here are some species and their common names:
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Here are some species and their common names{{wp}}:
 
*''[[Stellis alata]]'' Lindl. : Winged ''Stelis''.
 
*''[[Stellis alata]]'' Lindl. : Winged ''Stelis''.
 
*''[[Stellis argentata]]'' Lindl. : Silvery ''Stelis''
 
*''[[Stellis argentata]]'' Lindl. : Silvery ''Stelis''
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*''[[Stellis wettsteiniana]]'' : Wettstein's ''Stelis''
 
*''[[Stellis wettsteiniana]]'' : Wettstein's ''Stelis''
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Other species include:
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Other species include{{wp}}:
 
*''[[Stellis abrupta]]'' Rchb.f. 1877 (Colombia).
 
*''[[Stellis abrupta]]'' Rchb.f. 1877 (Colombia).
 
*''[[Stellis acaroi]]'' Luer & Hirtz 2004 (Ecuador)
 
*''[[Stellis acaroi]]'' Luer & Hirtz 2004 (Ecuador)
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*''[[Stellis zelenkoi]]'' Luer & Hirtz 2002 (Ecuador).
 
*''[[Stellis zelenkoi]]'' Luer & Hirtz 2002 (Ecuador).
 
*''[[Stellis zigzag]]'' Luer & Hirtz 2004 (Ecuador)
 
*''[[Stellis zigzag]]'' Luer & Hirtz 2004 (Ecuador)
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*S. barbata, Rolfe, is a species differing from S. Endresii in having long-bearded sepals and a tridenticulate lip: its fls. are greenish ochre-yellow with purple hairs and red-purple blotches. Costa Rica.{{SCH}}
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*S. Binotii, Wildem., grows about 2 in. high: lvs. thick, 2-3 in. long, deeply channeled above: racemes 1-3, many-fld.: fls. green, not spotted: sepals membranaceous: petals concave, very short: lip hooded, about as long as the petals. Brazil. {{SCH}}
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*S.Bruchmuelleri, Reichb. f., has lvs. 1 1/2 - 2 in. long: fls. yellowish purple outside, pale purple within, disposed at intervals along the rachis; sepals broadly ovate, acute, spreading, hairy within: petals and lip minute, the latter undivided. Mex. (?). B.M. 6521.{{SCH}}
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*S. canaliculata, Reichb. f., is about 8 in. high, has cuneate-oblong, obtuse, thick lvs. which are plainly channeled in the middle: fls. dull yellowish green, very small, secund in dense racemes; bracts and rachis whitish. Colombia.{{SCH}}
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*S. ciliaris, Lindl. (S. atropurpurea, Hook.), grows about 6 in. high: lvs. broadly oblong, narrowed at base: spike naked half way then closely fld.: fls. deep purple; sepals ovate, long-fringed; petals compressed-rhomboid, fleshy; lip ovate, fleshy, channeled at base. Mex. B.B. 3975.{{SCH}}
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*S. dolichopus, Schlechter, has sts. about 6 in. high: lvs. rather thick, oblong-ligulate, up to nearly 4 in. long: raceme only 1 1/4 – 1 3/4 in. long: fls. pale yellow. Probably Colombia.{{SCH}}
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*S. Endresii, Reichb. f., has lvs. cuneate, oblong-ligulate, obtuse, emarginate and apiculate, thick: raceme distichous: fls. greenish white: sepals coalescing toward the base: lip fleshy, transversely subrhomboid, excavated. Costa Rica.{{SCH}}
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*S. glossula, Reichb. f., is densely tufted: lvs. cuneate, oblong-ligulate, minutely bilobed with a small tooth at apex: fls. brownish, in 2 transverse rows; the upper sepal having a longer extent than the whole of the other floral organs together; lip fleshy, papilli-form. Costa Rica.{{SCH}}
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*S. grandiflora, Lindl., has sts. 3 in. high: lvs. oblong, petiolate, emarginate, 4 1/2 x 1 in.: spike dense; spathe large, acuminate: fls. chocolate-colored, large for the genus: sepals equal, obtuse; petals ovate; lip ovate, concave, emarginate. Brazil.{{SCH}}
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*S. grossilabris, Reichb. f. Plant tufted: lvs. cuneate, spatulate, obtuse: racemes shorter than the lvs.: fls. light greenish, small; lip thick and fleshy. Hab.(?).{{SCH}}
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*S. Hennisiana, Schlechter, has slender sts. up to 2 1/2 in. long, 1-lvd.: lvs. lanceolate-ligulate, about 3 in. long, petiole 1 1/4 in. long: racemes slender, 1-sided, many-fld., usually slightly longer than the lvs.: fls. dark purple-red. Colombia. {{SCH}}
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*S. macroglossa, Hort., is offered in the trade.{{SCH}}
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*S. micrantha, Swartz, grows 3-6 in. high: lvs. lanceolate-oblong, rather blunt, 1-2 1/2 in. long: raceme slender, spike-like: fls. whitish, red within, nodding, l-sided-distichous; sepals deltoid; petals and lip truncate. Jamaica.{{SCH}}
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*S. ophioglossoides, Swartz, has the st. shorter than the lvs., which are 2 1/2- 6 in. long, oblong-linear, rather blunt, long-tapering at the base: raceme slender, 1-sided, pedunculate: fls. greenish, with a tinge of purple, minute. W. Indies.{{SCH}}
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*S. sesquipedalis, Lindl., is about 6 in. high: lvs. broadly oval, shortly petiolate, 1 1/2 - 4 in. long: spike 7-10 in. long: fls. pale yellow, secund, large; sepals roundish ovate, obtuse; petals oblate; lip oblate, hooded. Venezuela.{{SCH}}
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*S. venosa, Hort., said to have 6 lvs., is offered in the trade.{{SCH}}
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*S. zonata, Reichb. f., has a short st.: lvs, very thick, cuneate-oblong, blunt: raceme 1-sided: fls. light ochre; sepals brown at base; petals with a mauve middle zone. Guiana. {{SCH}}
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==Gallery==
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
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<gallery>
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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</gallery>
    
==References==
 
==References==
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*Dr. C. Luer - Icones Pleurothallidinarum XXIV: A first century of new species of ''Stelis'' of Ecuador. Part 1 (2002); ISBN 1-930723-15-6
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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*Dr. C. Luer - Icones Pleurothallidinarum XXVI: ''Pleurothallis'' subgenus ''Acianthera'' and three allied subgenera; A Second Century of New Species of ''Stelis'' of Ecuador; ''Epibator'', ''Ophidion'', ''Zootrophion'' (2004); ISBN 1-930723-29-2
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<!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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*[http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/full/88/12/2286 P
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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hylogenetic relationships in Pleurothallidinae].
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
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==External links==
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*{{wplink}}
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{{stub}}
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[[Category:Categorize]]
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[[Category:Orchid genera]]
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