Difference between revisions of "Zelkova"

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{{Taxobox
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{{SPlantbox
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| color = lightgreen
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|familia=Ulmaceae
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| name = ''Zelkova''
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|genus=Zelkova
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| image = Zelkova serrata.jpg
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|habit=tree
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| image_width = 260px
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|Min ht metric=cm
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| image_caption = ''Zelkova serrata''
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|Max ht box=35
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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|Max ht metric=m
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| divisio = [[flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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|origin=China, Korea, Japan, Caucasus, Crete, Sicily
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| classis = [[dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]]
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|lifespan=perennial
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| ordo = [[Rosales]]
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|exposure=sun
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| familia = [[Ulmaceae]]
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|features=deciduous
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| genus = '''''Zelkova'''''
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|Temp Metric=°F
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| genus_authority = [[Édouard Spach|Spach]]
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|image=Upload.png
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| subdivision_ranks = Species
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|image_width=240
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| subdivision = See text
 
 
}}
 
}}
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{{Inc|
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Zelkova (after the vernacular name Zelkoua in Crete, or Selkwa in the Caucasus). Syn., Abelicea, and including Hemiptelea. Ulmaceae. Ornamental trees grown for their handsome foliage and attractive habit.
  
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'''''Zelkova''''' is a [[genus]] of six species of [[deciduous]] [[tree]]s in the elm family [[Ulmaceae]], native to southern [[Europe]], and southwest and eastern [[Asia]]. They vary in size from [[shrub]]s (''Z. sicula'') to large trees up to 35 m tall (''Z. carpinifolia'').  
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Deciduous: lvs. alternate, short-petioled, penninerved, serrate, stipulate: fls. polygamous, the perfect ones solitary in the axils of the upper lvs., the staminate ones clustered in the axils of lower lvs. or bracts; calyx 4-5-lobed; stamens 4-5; styles 2: fr. a 1-seeded drupe, usually broader than high, oblique, with the style eccentric. —Five species in Crete, the Caucasus, and E. Asia. They are closely related to Celtis and Aphananthe and are chiefly distinguished by the connate sepals, the eccentric style and the oblique fr. Z. serrata is an important timber tree; the wood is very durable, and considered the best building material in Japan. The young wood is yellowish white in color; the old wood is dark brown and has a beautiful grain.
  
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The name ''Zelkova'' ultimately derives from the native name of ''Z. carpinifolia'' in one or more of the [[languages of the Caucasus]], as shown by the [[Georgian language|Georgian]] name, {{Unicode|ძელქვა}} (dzelkva. ძელ dzel meaning a bar, and ქვა kva meaning a rock. The tree was often used for making rock-hard and durable bars for the building).
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The zelkovas are trees, sometimes shrubby, in general appearance much like some of the small-leaved elms, with rather small more or less two-ranked short-stalked leaves, with insignificant greenish flowers appearing at the base of the young branches and followed by inconspicuous fruits. Z. serrata, and Z. Davidii are hardy North, while Z. ulmoides is hardy only as far north as Massachusetts, at least only in sheltered positions. Z. serrata is a very graceful round-headed tree and well adapted for avenues or as single specimens on the lawn. Z. Davidii, which is of recent introduction, may be useful as a hedge-plant on account of its upright rather stiff stems armed with spines. They do not seem to be very particular as to soil and position. Propagation is by seeds sown soon after ripening; also by layers and by grafting on Ulmus.
  
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Z. sinica, Schneid. Allied to Z. hirta. Tree, to 50ft.: lvs. ovate-oblong, rounded or broadly cuneate at the base, firm, crenate serrate, 3/4 - 2 in. long. Cent. China.—Z. Verschaffeltii, Nichols. (Ulmus Verschaffeltii, Hort. Z. japonica Verschaffeltii, Dipp.). Shrub or small tree, allied to Z. ulmoides: lvs. oval or ovate, with 6-9 coarse triangular teeth on each side, rough above, with soft hairs beneath, 1 1/2 – 2 1/2 in. long. Origin not known, possibly from the Caucasus.
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}}
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Round-shaped trees with spreading tops. Related to elms, and susceptible to Dutch elm disease though rarely infected as the beetles that transmit the disease rarely feed on Zelkova.
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Leaves are: simple, elliptical, pointed, edges heavily serrated, veins stand out, may display attractive colour in the fall
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Bark is a attractive in some species, where it may flake off showing nice patterns; variously grey to grey-brown.
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The flowers both male and female as well as the small fruit (nut-like) are overall inconspicuous.
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==Cultivation==
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Rather frost hardy, shelter from strong winds during trees development for nicest shape. Prune to a strong single trunk when young as well. Does best in fertile, deep soil with good drainage.  Plant in full sun.
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===Propagation===
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Seed, root cuttings, grafts
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===Pests and diseases===
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{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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==Species==
 
;Species
 
;Species
 
*''[[Zelkova abelicea]]'' - Cretan Zelkova
 
*''[[Zelkova abelicea]]'' - Cretan Zelkova
 
*''[[Zelkova carpinifolia]]'' - Caucasian Zelkova
 
*''[[Zelkova carpinifolia]]'' - Caucasian Zelkova
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*''[[Zelkova serrata]]'' - Keyaki or Japanese Zelkova
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*''[[Zelkova serrata]]'' - Keaki or Japanese Zelkova
 
*''[[Zelkova sicula]]'' - Sicilian Zelkova
 
*''[[Zelkova sicula]]'' - Sicilian Zelkova
 
*''[[Zelkova sinica]]'' - Chinese Zelkova
 
*''[[Zelkova sinica]]'' - Chinese Zelkova
 
*''[[Zelkova schneideriana]]'' - Schneider's Zelkova
 
*''[[Zelkova schneideriana]]'' - Schneider's Zelkova
 
;Hybrids
 
;Hybrids
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*''[[Zelkova × verschaffeltii]]'' ''(Z. carpinifolia × Z. serrata)''
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*''[[Zelkova × verschaffeltii]]'' (''Z. carpinifolia'' × ''Z. serrata'')
  
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The Sicilian Zelkova ''Z. sicula'', only discovered in [[1991]], is listed as an [[endangered species]]. The only known population comprises a small number of low [[shrub]]s suffering from severe [[overgrazing]]; the natural mature size of undamaged specimens is unknown.
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==Gallery==
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
  
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''Zelkova serrata'' and ''Z. carpinifolia'' are grown as [[ornamental tree]]s.
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<gallery>
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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</gallery>
  
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The genus ''Zelkova'' was common throughout [[North America]] and [[Northern Europe]] as late as the [[Pliocene]]. However, extensive [[Pleistocene]] [[glaciation]] has confined the genus to its present range south of the [[Alps]] and [[Pyrenees]], and in [[East Asia]] where only local glaciation occurred.
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==References==
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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*Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
  
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==References and external links==
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==External links==
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*Andrews, S. (1994). Tree of the year: Zelkova. ''Int. Dendrol. Soc. Yearbook'' 1993: 11-30.
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*{{wplink}}
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*de Spoelberch, P. (1994). Zelkova: More questions than answers. ''Int. Dendrol. Soc. Yearbook'' 1993: 30-33.
 
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*Hunt, D. (1994). Beware of the Zelkova. ''Int. Dendrol. Soc. Yearbook'' 1993: 33-41.
 
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*Rushforth, K. (1999). ''Trees of Britain and Europe''. HarperCollins ISBN 0-00-220013-9
 
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*[http://www.dipbot.unict.it/fito_new/territori/distribleo/zelkova_sicula.html ''Zelkova sicula'' photos]
 
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*[http://www.amen.org.uk/vorwelt/megasucc/megac10.htm Survivors from the Tertiary]
 
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*[http://www.iucn.org/themes/ssc/our_work/plants/Top50/English/Zelkova_sicula_EN.htm Zelkova sicula at IUCN]
 
  
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[[Category:Ulmaceae]]
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__NOTOC__
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[[Category:Horticulture]]
 

Latest revision as of 05:38, 8 December 2009


Upload.png


Plant Characteristics
Habit   tree

Height: ⇕ 35 m"m" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 35.
Lifespan: ⌛ perennial
Origin: ✈ China, Korea, Japan, Caucasus, Crete, Sicily
Cultivation
Exposure: ☼ sun
Features: ✓ deciduous
Scientific Names

Ulmaceae >

Zelkova >



Read about Zelkova in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Zelkova (after the vernacular name Zelkoua in Crete, or Selkwa in the Caucasus). Syn., Abelicea, and including Hemiptelea. Ulmaceae. Ornamental trees grown for their handsome foliage and attractive habit.

Deciduous: lvs. alternate, short-petioled, penninerved, serrate, stipulate: fls. polygamous, the perfect ones solitary in the axils of the upper lvs., the staminate ones clustered in the axils of lower lvs. or bracts; calyx 4-5-lobed; stamens 4-5; styles 2: fr. a 1-seeded drupe, usually broader than high, oblique, with the style eccentric. —Five species in Crete, the Caucasus, and E. Asia. They are closely related to Celtis and Aphananthe and are chiefly distinguished by the connate sepals, the eccentric style and the oblique fr. Z. serrata is an important timber tree; the wood is very durable, and considered the best building material in Japan. The young wood is yellowish white in color; the old wood is dark brown and has a beautiful grain.

The zelkovas are trees, sometimes shrubby, in general appearance much like some of the small-leaved elms, with rather small more or less two-ranked short-stalked leaves, with insignificant greenish flowers appearing at the base of the young branches and followed by inconspicuous fruits. Z. serrata, and Z. Davidii are hardy North, while Z. ulmoides is hardy only as far north as Massachusetts, at least only in sheltered positions. Z. serrata is a very graceful round-headed tree and well adapted for avenues or as single specimens on the lawn. Z. Davidii, which is of recent introduction, may be useful as a hedge-plant on account of its upright rather stiff stems armed with spines. They do not seem to be very particular as to soil and position. Propagation is by seeds sown soon after ripening; also by layers and by grafting on Ulmus.

Z. sinica, Schneid. Allied to Z. hirta. Tree, to 50ft.: lvs. ovate-oblong, rounded or broadly cuneate at the base, firm, crenate serrate, 3/4 - 2 in. long. Cent. China.—Z. Verschaffeltii, Nichols. (Ulmus Verschaffeltii, Hort. Z. japonica Verschaffeltii, Dipp.). Shrub or small tree, allied to Z. ulmoides: lvs. oval or ovate, with 6-9 coarse triangular teeth on each side, rough above, with soft hairs beneath, 1 1/2 – 2 1/2 in. long. Origin not known, possibly from the Caucasus.


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Round-shaped trees with spreading tops. Related to elms, and susceptible to Dutch elm disease though rarely infected as the beetles that transmit the disease rarely feed on Zelkova.

Leaves are: simple, elliptical, pointed, edges heavily serrated, veins stand out, may display attractive colour in the fall

Bark is a attractive in some species, where it may flake off showing nice patterns; variously grey to grey-brown.

The flowers both male and female as well as the small fruit (nut-like) are overall inconspicuous.

Cultivation

Rather frost hardy, shelter from strong winds during trees development for nicest shape. Prune to a strong single trunk when young as well. Does best in fertile, deep soil with good drainage. Plant in full sun.

Propagation

Seed, root cuttings, grafts

Pests and diseases

Do you have pest and disease info on this plant? Edit this section!

Species

Species
Hybrids

Gallery

If you have a photo of this plant, please upload it! Plus, there may be other photos available for you to add.

  • photo 1

  • photo 2

  • photo 3

References

External links


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