Difference between revisions of "Actinidia"

From Gardenology.org - Plant Encyclopedia and Gardening Wiki
Jump to navigationJump to search
 
 
(6 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
−
{{Taxobox
+
{{SPlantbox
−
| color = lightgreen
+
|familia=Actinidiaceae
−
| name = ''Actinidia''
+
|genus=Actinidia
−
| image =  
+
|habit=vine-climber
−
| image_width = 240px
+
|habit_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
−
| image_caption = ''Actinidia'' foliage and fruit
+
|origin=E Asia
−
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
+
|exposure=sun, part-sun
−
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
+
|sun_ref=Sunset National Garden Book
−
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
+
|water=moist, moderate
−
| ordo = [[Ericales]]
+
|water_ref=Sunset National Garden Book
−
| familia = [[Actinidiaceae]]
+
|features=evergreen, deciduous
−
| genus = '''''Actinidia'''''
+
|Temp Metric=°F
−
| genus_authority = [[John Lindley|Lindl.]]
+
|sunset_zones=vary by species
−
| subdivision_ranks = Species
+
|image=Kiwis 006eue.jpg
−
| subdivision = See text
+
|image_width=240
 
}}
 
}}
 +
'''''Actinidia''''' ({{pron-en|ˌæktɨˈnɪdiə}})<ref>''Sunset Western Garden Book,'' 1995:606–607</ref> is a genus of [[woody plant|woody]] and, with few exceptions, [[dioecious]] plants native to temperate eastern [[Asia]]. The genus includes [[shrub]]s growing to 6 m tall, and vigorous, strong-growing [[vine]]s, growing up to 30 m in [[tree]] canopies.
  
−
'''''Actinidia''''' is a genus of [[woody plant]]s native to temperate eastern [[Asia]], occurring throughout most of [[China]], [[Taiwan]], [[Korea]] and [[Japan]], and extending north to southeast [[Siberia]] and south into [[Indochina]]. The genus includes [[shrub]]s growing to 6 m tall, and vigorous, strong-growing [[vine]]s, growing up to 30 m in [[tree]] canopies.
+
The [[leaf|leaves]] are alternate, simple, with a dentate margin and a long [[Petiole (botany)|petiole]]. The [[flower]]s are solitary or in axillary [[Cyme (botany)|cymes]], usually white, with five small [[petal]]s. Most of the species are [[plant sexuality|dioecious]] with separate male and female plants, but some are [[plant sexuality|monoecious]]. The [[fruit]] is a large [[berry]] containing numerous small [[seed]]s; in most species the fruit is edible. In particular this genus is known for the species [[Actinidia deliciosa]], the kiwifruit.
  
−
The [[leaf|leaves]] are alternate, simple, with a dentate margin and a long petiole. The [[flower]]s are solitary or in axillary [[cyme]]s, usually white, with five small [[petal]]s. Most of the species are [[plant sexuality|dioecious]] with separate male and female plants, but some are [[plant sexuality|monoecious]]. The [[fruit]] is a large [[berry]] containing numerous small [[seed]]s; in most species the fruit is edible.
+
{{Inc|
 +
Actinidia (aktis, ray; referring to the radiate styles). Dilleniaceae. Climbing shrubs cultivated for their handsome foliage which is beautifully variegated in some species, and a few also for their edible fruit.
  
−
There are about 40-60 [[species]] of ''Actinidia'':
+
Twining shrubs: winter-buds inclosed in the swollen base of the petiole: lvs. alternate, long-stalked, senate or sometimes entire: fls. in axillary cymes sometimes solitary, dioecious or polygamous, cup-shaped, 1/2-2 in. across, white or rarely reddish; sepals 5, imbricate; petals 5, convolute; stamens numerous; ovary superior, many-celled; styles numerous, ray-like spreading: fr. a berry, with numerous small seeas.— More than 20 species, chiefly in E. Asia from Saghalin to Java, also on the Himalayas.
 +
 
 +
About 7 species are in cultivation; of these A. Kolomikta is the hardiest, growing as far north as eastern Canada; A. arguta and A. polygama are hardy in Massachusetts, while A. chinensis, which is the most beautiful of all, and A. coriacea, are hardy only south of Washington, but may be grown farther north if taken down in autumn and covered with leaves. A. arguta is excellent for covering arbors, trellises, walls and the like and is remarkably free from insects and fungi. A. Kolomikta and A. polygama show a very striking silvery white or pinkish variegation of the foliage, which is more pronounced in the staminate plant. A. arguta and A. chinensis are also worth cultivating for their edible fruits, particularly the latter, which has fruits up to 2 inches long, of a gooseberry-like flavor; to obtain fruit, it is necessary to plant both sexes or a plant with polygamous flowers. A. polygama, and, in a lesser degree, A. Kolomikta, attract cats and are often destroyed by them if not protected by screens.
 +
 
 +
The actinidias prefer somewhat moist and rich soil and grow as well in a sunny as in a half-shady position.
 +
 
 +
{{SCH}}
 +
}}
 +
 
 +
==Cultivation==
 +
{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
 +
 
 +
===Propagation===
 +
Propagation is by seeds, which are sown in spring and germinate readily; also by cuttings, of half-ripened wood in summer or by hardwood cuttings under glass, and also by layers{{SCH}}.
 +
 
 +
===Pests and diseases===
 +
{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
 +
 
 +
==Species==
 +
There are about 40-60 [[species]] of ''Actinidia''{{wp}}:
 
{|
 
{|
 
|- valign=top
 
|- valign=top
Line 35: Line 56:
 
*''[[Actinidia coriacea]]''
 
*''[[Actinidia coriacea]]''
 
*''[[Actinidia cylindrica]]''
 
*''[[Actinidia cylindrica]]''
−
*''[[Actinidia deliciosa]]'' ('''Yangtao''' or '''Chinese gooseberry''')
+
*''[[Actinidia deliciosa]]'' ('''Kiwi''' or '''Chinese gooseberry''')
 
*''[[Actinidia eriantha]]''
 
*''[[Actinidia eriantha]]''
 
*''[[Actinidia farinosa]]''
 
*''[[Actinidia farinosa]]''
Line 83: Line 104:
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
===Uses===
+
{{Inc|
−
For the edible fruit, see [[Kiwifruit]], which is a [[Cultivar Group]] of ''[[Actinidia deliciosa]]'', and [[Hardy Kiwi]], of the species ''[[Actinidia arguta]]''. Some species are grown as [[ornamental plant]]s, notably ''A. kolomikta''.
+
A. callosa, Lindl. Similar to A. Kolomikta. Branchleta with conspicuous lenticels, with lamellate pnl,: lvs. oval to oblong, 3-5 in. long, serrulate, quite glabrous: fls. white, 1/2 in. across: fr. ovoid, spotted, 1 in. long. China. — A. coriacea, Dunn. Allied to the preceding species. Lvs. coriaceous, oblong to lanceolate, remotely serrate, 3-4 in. long; petioles less than 1 in. long: fls. several, reddish: fr. ovoid, spotted, 1/2-3/4in- long. China. Recently offered under the name of A. Henryi, which is a totally different species, allied to A. chinensis. — A. melanandra, Franch. Allied to A. arguta. Lvs. ovate-oblong or oblong, closely serrulate: staminate corymbs many-fld. ; petals greenish at the base: fr. purple. China.{{SCH}}
 +
}}
  
−
''[[Actinidia arguta]]'' has small fruit 10-15 g, with green edible skins and green flesh; hardier than ''A. deliciosa''.
+
==Gallery==
 +
{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
  
−
In Japan, ''Actinidia polygama'' (silver vine) is commonly known as "matatabi" ([[:ja:またたび|またたび]]) and noted for having an effect on cats much like that of [[catnip]].  It is mentioned in the saying 猫にまたたび、女郎に小判 (''neko ni matatabi, jorō ni koban'', "Silver vine to a cat, a coin to a prostitute"), meaning to put someone in a good mood by providing that which they most desire.
+
<gallery>
 +
Image:Upload.png| photo 1
 +
Image:Upload.png| photo 2
 +
Image:Upload.png| photo 3
 +
</gallery>
  
−
''[[Actinidia kolomikta]]'' is the hardiest species (to about -40°C), and has distinctive white- and pink-[[variegation|variegated]] foliage even on wild plants, an unusual phenomenon. Its fruit is very small, 8 g or smaller.
+
==References==
 +
*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
 +
<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
 +
<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
 +
<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
  
−
{{Commonscat|Actinidia}}
+
==External links==
 +
*{{wplink}}
  
−
[[Category:Ericales]]
+
{{stub}}
 +
__NOTOC__

Latest revision as of 21:36, 3 November 2010


Kiwis 006eue.jpg


Plant Characteristics
Habit   vine-climber

Origin: ✈ E Asia
Cultivation
Exposure: ☼ sun, part-sun
Water: ◍ moist, moderate
Features: ✓ evergreen, deciduous
Sunset Zones: vary by species
Scientific Names

Actinidiaceae >

Actinidia >


Actinidia (pronounced /ˌæktɨˈnɪdiə/)[1] is a genus of woody and, with few exceptions, dioecious plants native to temperate eastern Asia. The genus includes shrubs growing to 6 m tall, and vigorous, strong-growing vines, growing up to 30 m in tree canopies.

The leaves are alternate, simple, with a dentate margin and a long petiole. The flowers are solitary or in axillary cymes, usually white, with five small petals. Most of the species are dioecious with separate male and female plants, but some are monoecious. The fruit is a large berry containing numerous small seeds; in most species the fruit is edible. In particular this genus is known for the species Actinidia deliciosa, the kiwifruit.


Read about Actinidia in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Actinidia (aktis, ray; referring to the radiate styles). Dilleniaceae. Climbing shrubs cultivated for their handsome foliage which is beautifully variegated in some species, and a few also for their edible fruit.

Twining shrubs: winter-buds inclosed in the swollen base of the petiole: lvs. alternate, long-stalked, senate or sometimes entire: fls. in axillary cymes sometimes solitary, dioecious or polygamous, cup-shaped, 1/2-2 in. across, white or rarely reddish; sepals 5, imbricate; petals 5, convolute; stamens numerous; ovary superior, many-celled; styles numerous, ray-like spreading: fr. a berry, with numerous small seeas.— More than 20 species, chiefly in E. Asia from Saghalin to Java, also on the Himalayas.

About 7 species are in cultivation; of these A. Kolomikta is the hardiest, growing as far north as eastern Canada; A. arguta and A. polygama are hardy in Massachusetts, while A. chinensis, which is the most beautiful of all, and A. coriacea, are hardy only south of Washington, but may be grown farther north if taken down in autumn and covered with leaves. A. arguta is excellent for covering arbors, trellises, walls and the like and is remarkably free from insects and fungi. A. Kolomikta and A. polygama show a very striking silvery white or pinkish variegation of the foliage, which is more pronounced in the staminate plant. A. arguta and A. chinensis are also worth cultivating for their edible fruits, particularly the latter, which has fruits up to 2 inches long, of a gooseberry-like flavor; to obtain fruit, it is necessary to plant both sexes or a plant with polygamous flowers. A. polygama, and, in a lesser degree, A. Kolomikta, attract cats and are often destroyed by them if not protected by screens.

The actinidias prefer somewhat moist and rich soil and grow as well in a sunny as in a half-shady position.

CH


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

Do you have cultivation info on this plant? Edit this section!

Propagation

Propagation is by seeds, which are sown in spring and germinate readily; also by cuttings, of half-ripened wood in summer or by hardwood cuttings under glass, and also by layersCH.

Pests and diseases

Do you have pest and disease info on this plant? Edit this section!

Species

There are about 40-60 species of Actinidiawp:


Read about Actinidia in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

A. callosa, Lindl. Similar to A. Kolomikta. Branchleta with conspicuous lenticels, with lamellate pnl,: lvs. oval to oblong, 3-5 in. long, serrulate, quite glabrous: fls. white, 1/2 in. across: fr. ovoid, spotted, 1 in. long. China. — A. coriacea, Dunn. Allied to the preceding species. Lvs. coriaceous, oblong to lanceolate, remotely serrate, 3-4 in. long; petioles less than 1 in. long: fls. several, reddish: fr. ovoid, spotted, 1/2-3/4in- long. China. Recently offered under the name of A. Henryi, which is a totally different species, allied to A. chinensis. — A. melanandra, Franch. Allied to A. arguta. Lvs. ovate-oblong or oblong, closely serrulate: staminate corymbs many-fld. ; petals greenish at the base: fr. purple. China.CH


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Gallery

If you have a photo of this plant, please upload it! Plus, there may be other photos available for you to add.

  • photo 1

  • photo 2

  • photo 3

References

External links


  1. ↑ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
Retrieved from "http://gardenology.mywikis.net/w/index.php?title=Actinidia&oldid=131964"