Aquilegia

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Aquilegia
Aquilegia flavescens
Aquilegia flavescens
Plant Info
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Ranunculales
Family: Ranunculaceae
Genus: Aquilegia
L.

Species
See text

Aquilegia (columbine) is a genus of about 60-70 species of herbaceous perennial plants that are found in meadows, woodlands, and at higher altitudes throughout the Northern Hemisphere. They are known for their distinctive flowers, generally bell-shaped, with each petal modified into an elongated nectar spur. Its fruit takes the form of a follicle.

Several species are grown in gardens, including Aquilegia vulgaris (European Columbine), a traditional garden flower in many parts of the world[1]. Numerous hybrids have also been developed as well. They are easy to propagate from seed.

They are used as food plants by some Lepidoptera species including Cabbage Moth, Dot Moth, The Engrailed and Mouse Moth.

Use and toxicity

The flowers of various species of Aquilegia were consumed in moderation by Native Americans as a condiment with other fresh greens, and are reported to be very sweet, and safe if consumed in small quantities. The plants seeds and roots are highly poisonous, and contain cardiogenic toxins which cause both severe gastroenteritis and heart palpitations if consumed as food. Native Americans used very small amounts of Aquilegia root as an effective treatment for ulcers, however, the use of this plant internally is best avoided due to its high toxicity.

Aquilegia species are closely related to plants in the genus Actaea (Baneberry), which also produce cadiogenic toxins, and Aconitum, a highly toxic plant genus which contains wolfbane and several varieties of monkshood. [2]

 
Aquilegia hybrid cultivar 'Blue Butterflies'

Selected species

References

  1. [1] Columbines by Robert Noles
  2. Edible and Medicinal Plants of the West, Gregory L. Tilford, ISBN 0-87842-359-1

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