List of psychoactive plants

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This is a list of plants (flora) which contain psychoactive drugs. Psychoactive plants have been used traditionally for thousands of years by human cultures all around the world and many play a significant role in society. This list covers plants which are potentially psychoactive, while the list of entheogens covers plants which are known to be traditionally used as entheogens or psychoactives.

Psychoactive Flora by Family

Acanthaceae

  • Fittonia albivenis, a common ornamental plant from South America. The plant has unknown compounds, that reportedly cause "visions of eyeballs." It is also useful in the treatment of headaches, etc.
  • Justicia pectoralis[1]

Acoraceae

Aizoaceae

Sceletium tortuosum or "Kanna" has been used by South African pastoralists and hunter-gatherers as a mood-altering substance from prehistoric times.

Apocynaceae

Aquifoliaceae

  • Ilex guayusa, which is used as an additive to some versions of Ayahuasca. According to the Ecuadorian indigenous, it is also slightly hallucinogenic on its own, when drunk in high enough quantities.
  • Ilex paraguariensis which is also known as "Yerba Mate"...
  • Ilex vomitoria or "Yaupon Holly" is ...

and some other hollies are used as tea substitute stimulants!

Asteraceae(Compositae)

Cactaceae

Species Alkaloid Content (Fresh) Alkaloid Content (Dried)
Echinopsis lageniformis(syn. Trichocereus bridgesii) Mescaline > 0.025%,[7] also 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine < 1%, 3-methoxytyramine < 1%, tyramine < 1% 2%[8]
Echinopsis pachanoi(syn. Trichocereus pachanoi) Mescaline 0.006-0.12%, 0.05% Average[9] Mescaline 0.01%-2.375%[9]
Echinopsis spachiana(syn. Trichocereus spachianus) Mescaline[10] Mescaline[10]
Lophophora williamsii(Peyote) 0.4% Mescaline[11] 3-6% Mescaline[10]
Opuntia acanthocarpa Mescaline[10]
Opuntia basilaris Mescaline 0.01%, plus 4-hydroxy-3-5
-dimethoxyphenethylamine[10]
Austrocylindropuntia cylindrica(syn. Opuntia cylindrica)[12] Mescaline[10]
Cylindropuntia echinocarpa(syn. Opuntia echinocarpa) Mescaline 0.01%, 3-4-dimethoxyphenethylamine 0.01%, 4-hydroxy-3-5-dimethoxyphenethylamine 0.01%[10]
Cylindropuntia spinosior(syn. Opuntia spinosior)[13] Mescaline 0.00004%, 3-methoxytyramine 0.001%, tyramine 0.002%, 3-4-dimethoxyphenethylamine.[10]
Echinopsis macrogona(syn. Trichocereus macrogonus) > 0.01-0.05% Mescaline[14]
Echinopsis peruviana(syn. Trichocereus peruvianus) Mescaline 0.0005%-0.12%[9] Mescaline
Echinopsis tacaquirensissubsp. taquimbalensis(syn. Trichocereus taquimbalensis)[15] > 0.005-0.025% Mescaline[14]
Echinopsis terscheckii(syn. Trichocereus terscheckii, Trichocereus werdemannianus)[16] > 0.005-0.025% Mescaline[14] Mescaline 0.01%-2.375%[9]
Echinopsis valida 0.025% Mescaline[11]
Pelecyphora aselliformis Mescaline[11]

Cannabaceae

Cannabis plant
Main article: Cannabis (drug)

Cannabis (Marijuana) is a popular psychedelic plant. Cannabis is also unique in that it contains a psychedelic substance, THC, which contains no nitrogen and is not an indole, phenethylamine, anticholinergic (deliriant), or a disassociative drug. Currently, certain universities and research firms are studying the medicinal effects of cannabis. Many jurisdictions have laws regulating the sale and use of medical cannabis to treat pain, insomnia, and stimulate appetite.

Humulus lupulus http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humulus_lupulus

Humulus japonicus- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_hops

Caryophylloideae

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| Silene capensis (flowering).jpg Silene capensis |Produces vivid dreams after ingesting.


Celastraceae

|

S-Cathinone.svg
Cathinone

| 150px Catha edulis | Khat

Convolvulaceae

Ipomoea violacea.jpg
Ipomoea tricolor & Ipomoea violacea
D-lysergic acid amide and lysergic acid amides in the seeds; up to 0.12% total[17]
Rivea corymbosa
Seeds contain D-lysergic acid amide, lysergol, and turbicoryn; lysergic acid alkaloids up to 0.03%[18]

|

Ergine.png
Ergine

| Starr 050107-2974 Argyreia nervosa.jpg Argyreia nervosa (Hawaiian Baby Woodrose) |Seeds contain high amounts of LSA (also known as d-lysergic acid amide, d-lysergamide, ergine, and LA-111), often 50-150X the amounts found in Ipomoea violacea.

Euphorbiaceae

Fabaceae (Leguminosae)

Acacia acuminata
Up to 1.5% alkaloids, mainly consisting of tryptamine in leaf[19]
Alpina mueller.jpg
Acacia alpina
Active principles in leaf[20]
Acacia angustissima usgs.png
Acacia angustissima
ß-methyl-phenethylamine[21], NMT and DMT in leaf (1.1-10.2 ppm)[22]
Acacia-aroma.jpg
Acacia aroma
Tryptamine alkaloids.[23] Significant amount of tryptamine in the seeds.[24]
Starr 031013-8001 Acacia auriculiformis.jpg
Acacia auriculiformis
5-MeO-DMT in stem bark[25]
Acacia baileyana.jpg
Acacia baileyana
0.02% tryptamine and ß-carbolines, in the leaf, Tetrahydroharman[20][26][27]
Acacia beauverdiana
Psychoactive[28] Ash used in Pituri.[29]
Acacia-berlandieri-flowers4.jpg
Acacia berlandieri
DMT, amphetamines, mescaline, nicotine[30]
Koeh-003.jpg
Acacia catechu
DMT[2] and other tryptamines in leaf, bark
Acaciacaven29b.jpg
Acacia caven
Psychoactive[31]
Acacia chundra
DMT and other tryptamines in leaf, bark
Acacia colei
DMT[32]
Acacia complanata
0.3% alkaloids in leaf and stem, almost all N-methyl-tetrahydroharman, with traces of tetrahydroharman, some of tryptamine[33][34][35]
Starr 050107-2872 Acacia confusa.jpg
Acacia confusa
DMT & NMT in leaf, stem & bark 0.04% NMT and 0.02% DMT in stem.[20] Also N,N-dimethyltryptamine N-oxide[36]
A-cornigera.jpg
Acacia cornigera
Psychoactive,[31] Tryptamines[37]
Acacia cultriformis leaves.jpg
Acacia cultriformis
Tryptamine, in the leaf, stem[20] and seeds.[24] Phenethylamine in leaf and seeds[24]
Acacia cuthbertsonii
Psychoactive[28]
Acacia-decurrens-catalina.jpg
Acacia decurrens
Psychoactive,[31] but less than 0.02% alkaloids[27]
Acacia delibrata
Psychoactive[28]
Acacia falcata
Psychoactive,[28] but less than 0.02% alkaloids[27]
Acaciafarnesiana1web.jpg
Acacia farnesiana
Traces of 5-MeO-DMT[38] in fruit. ß-methyl-phenethylamine, flower.[39] Ether extracts about 2-6% of the dried leaf mass.[40] Alkaloids are present in the bark[41] and leaves.[42] Amphetamines and mescaline also found in tree.[37]
Acacia floribunda
Tryptamine, phenethylamine,[43] in flowers[24] other tryptamines,[44]
Acacia georginae
Psychoactive,[31] plus deadly toxins
Acacia-horrida.jpg
Acacia horrida
Psychoactive[31]
A.Implexa.jpg
Acacia implexa
Psychoactive[45]
Acacia jurema
DMT, NMT
Acacia karroo2.jpg
Acacia karroo
Psychoactive
Acacia laeta
DMT, in the leaf[20]
Acacia-longifolia-branch.jpg
Acacia longifolia
0.2% tryptamine in bark, leaves, some in flowers, phenylethylamine in flowers,[43] 0.2% DMT in plant.[46] Histamine alkaloids.[27]
Acacia longifolia
var. sophorae
Tryptamine in leaves, bark[24]
Acacia macradenia
Tryptamine[24]
Acacia maidenii.jpg
Acacia maidenii
0.6% NMT and DMT in about a 2:3 ratio in the stem bark, both present in leaves[20]
Starr 031013-8002 Acacia mangium.jpg
Acacia mangium
Psychoactive[31]
Acacia melanoxylon branch.jpg
Acacia melanoxylon
DMT, in the bark and leaf,[47] but less than 0.02% total alkaloids[27]
Acacia mellifera 3D-Modell.jpg
Acacia mellifera
DMT, in the leaf[20]
Acacia-nilotica.jpg
Acacia nilotica
DMT, in the leaf[20]
Acacia nilotica
subsp. adstringens
Psychoactive, DMT in the leaf
Acacia obtusifolia
Tryptamine, DMT, NMT, other tryptamines,[45] 0.4-0.5% in dried bark, 0.07% in branch tips.[48]
Acacia oerfota
Less than 0.1% DMT in leaf,[26][49] NMT
Acacia penninervis
Psychoactive[28]
Acacia phlebophylla.jpg
Acacia phlebophylla
0.3% DMT in leaf, NMT[20]
Starr 020911-0004 Acacia podalyriifolia.jpg
Acacia podalyriaefolia
Tryptamine in the leaf,[20] 0.5% to 2% DMT in fresh bark, phenethylamine, trace amounts[43]
Acacia polycantha.png
Acacia polyacantha
DMT in leaf[20] and other tryptamines in leaf, bark
Acacia polyacantha
ssp. campylacantha
Less than 0.2% DMT in leaf, NMT; DMT and other tryptamines in leaf, bark[50]
Acacia rigidula.jpg
Acacia rigidula
DMT, NMT, tryptamine, traces of amphetamines, mescaline, nicotine and others[51]
Acacia sassa
Psychoactive[31]
Acacia-schaffneri-seed-pods.jpg
Acacia schaffneri
ß-methyl-phenethylamine, Phenethylamine[52] Amphetamines and mescaline also found.[37]
Acacia senegal - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-004.jpg
Acacia senegal
Less than 0.1% DMT in leaf,[20] NMT, other tryptamines. DMT in plant,[39] DMT in bark.[24]
Acacia seyal
DMT, in the leaf.[20] Ether extracts about 1-7% of the dried leaf mass.[40]
Img00522-A-sieberiana.jpg
Acacia sieberiana
DMT, in the leaf[20]
Acacia simplex.jpg
Acacia simplex
DMT and NMT, in the leaf, stem and trunk bark, 0.81% DMT in bark, MMT[20][53]
Eat267.jpg
Acacia tortilis
DMT, NMT, and other tryptamines[45]
Acacia vestita.jpg
Acacia vestita
Tryptamine, in the leaf and stem,[20] but less than 0.02% total alkaloids[27]
Acacia victoriae
Tryptamines, 5-MeO-alkyltryptamine[24]
Anadenanthera colubrina.jpg
Anadenanthera colubrina
Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil
Bufotenin and Dimethyltryptamine have been isolated from the seeds and seed pods, 5-MeO-DMT from the bark of the stems.[56] The seeds were found to contain 12.4% bufotenine, 0.06% 5-MeO-DMT and 0.06% DMT.[57]
Anadenanthera peregrina.jpg
Anadenanthera peregrina
Anadenanthera peregrina var. peregrina

Bufotenine is in the seeds.[59]

Fern1.jpg
Desmanthus illinoensis
0% - 0.34% DMT in root bark, highly variable.[60] Also NMT, N-hydroxy-N-methyltryptamine, 2-hydroxy-N-methyltryptamine, and gramine (toxic).[61]
File:Desmanthus leptolobus drawing.jpeg
Desmanthus leptolobus
0.14% DMT in root bark, more reliable than D. illinoensis[60]
Desmodium caudatum[62]
(syn. Ohwia caudata )
Roots: 0.087% DMT,[63] Bufotenine-N-oxide 0.03%
Desmodium gangeticum.jpg
Desmodium gangeticum
DMT, 5-MEO-DMT, whole plant, roots, stems, leaves[64]
Desmodium intortum
Bufotentine, DMT[65]
Codariocalyx motorius Taub39.png
Codariocalyx motorius
(syn. Desmodium gyrans)
DMT, 5-MEO-DMT, leaves, roots[64]
Desmodium racemosum
5-MEO-DMT[64]
Starr 020803-0111 Desmodium triflorum.jpg
Desmodium triflorum
0.0004% DMT-N-oxide, roots,[63] less in stems[63] and trace in leaves.[63]
Lespedeza capitata habit.jpg
Lespedeza capitata
Lespedeza ja02.jpg
Lespedeza bicolor
DMT, 5-MEO-DMT in leaves and roots[66]
Lespedeza bicolor var. japonica
DMT, 5-MEO-DMT in leaves and root bark[64]
Mimosa ophthalmocentra
Dried root: DMT 1.6%, NMT 0.0012% and hordenine 0.0065%[67]
Mimosa-scabrella.jpg
Mimosa scabrella
Tryptamine, NMT, DMT and N-methyltetrahydrocarboline in bark[68]
Mimosa somnians
Trytamines and MMT
Mimosa Hostilis.jpg
Mimosa tenuiflora
(syn. "Mimosa hostilis")
0.31-0.57% DMT (dry root bark).[69]
Mimosa verrucosa01.jpg
Mimosa verrucosa
DMT[70] in root bark
Mucuna-pruriens-fruit.jpg
Mucuna pruriens
"The leaves, seeds, stems and roots contain L-Dopa, Serotonin, 5-HTP, and Nicotine, as well as N,N-DMT, Bufotenine, and 5-MeO-DMT."[71]
Petalostylis casseoides
0.4-0.5% tryptamine, DMT, etc. in leaves and stems[66]
Petalostylis labicheoides var. casseoides
DMT in leaves and stems[64]
Phyllodium pulchellum
(syn. Desmodium pulchellum)
0.2% 5-MeO-DMT, small quantities of DMT[66] DMT (dominates in seedlings and young plants), 5-MEO-DMT (dominates in mature plant), whole plant, roots, stems, leaves, flowers[64]

Erythrina flabelliformis, other Erythrina species, seeds contain the alkaloids Erysodin and Erysovin[72]

|

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Unknown

| Blank.jpg Zornia latifolia | Zornia latifolia, is mentioned in Food of the Gods as "an hallucinogenic substitute for cannabis". It's nicknamed Maconha brava because locals use it as a cannabis substitute. |-


Caesalpinioideae subfamily of Fabacaeae


Fumariaceae

|

Bulbocapnine skeletal.svg
Bulbocapnine

| Corydalis ambigua.jpg Corydalis solida, Corydalis cava | Bulbocapnine, Nantenine, Tetrahydropalmatine


Lamiaceae

|

Lagochilin.png
Lagochilin

| Blank.jpg Lagochilus inebrians | Lagochilin is thought to be responsible for the sedative, hypotensive and hemostatic effects of this plant.

|

Leonurine.png
Leonurine

| Leonotis leonurus flower.jpg Leonotis leonurus |Both leaves and flowers (where most concentrated) contain Leonurine. (Effects reminiscent of marijuana)


| Salvia divinorum - Herba de Maria.jpg Salvia divinorum | Salvinorin A, 0.89-3.87 mg/g, also Salvinorin B and Salvinorin C[75] |-

Lauraceae


Lythraceae


Magnoliaceae

Sweetbay Magnolia Magnolia virginiana Comparison 4400px.jpg Magnolia virginianaThe leaves or bark have been placed in cupped hands over the nose and inhaled as a mild hallucinogen

Malpighiaceae

Myristicaceae

Virola genus

Virola calophylla Leaves 0.149% DMT, leaves 0.006% MMT[64] 5-MeO-DMT in bark[78]
Virola callophylloidea DMT
Virola carinata DMT in leaves[64]
Virola cuspidata DMT[74]
Virola divergens DMT in leaves[64]
Virola-theiodora-1860.jpg
Virola elongata
(syn. Virola theiodora)
DMT, 5-MEO-DMT in bark, roots, leaves and flowers[64]
Virola melinonii DMT in bark[64]
Virola multinervia DMT, 5-MEO-DMT in bark and roots[64]
Virola pavonis DMT in leaves[64]
Virola peruviana 5-MEO-DMT, traces of DMT and 5-MeO-tryptamine in bark[64]
Virola rufula Alkaloids in bark and root, 95% of which is MeO-DMT[79] 0.190% 5-MeO-DMT in bark,[64] 0.135% 5-MeO-DMT in root, 0.092% DMT in leaves.[64]
Virola sebifera The bark contains 0.065% to 0.25% alkaloids, most of which are DMT and 5-MeO-DMT.[80]
Virola surinamensis DMT[74] in bark[64]
Virola venosa DMT, 5-MEO-DMT in roots, leaves[64] DMT


Nitrariaceae

  • Peganum harmala, (Syrian Rue), The seeds contain about 2-6% alkaloids, most of which is harmaline.[81] Peganum harmala is also an abortifacient.
    Peganum harmala1.jpg


    Nymphaeaceae

    | Nymphaea caerulea.jpg Nymphaea caerulea |Recent studies have shown Nymphaea caerulea to have psychedelic properties, and may have been used as a sacrament in ancient Egypt and certain ancient South American cultures. Dosages of 5 to 10 grams of the flowers induces slight stimulation, a shift in thought processes, enhanced visual perception, and mild closed-eye visuals. Nymphaea caerulea is related to, and possesses similar activity as Nelumbo nucifera, the Sacred Lotus. Both Nymphaea caerulea and Nelumbo nucifera contain the alkaloids nuciferine and apomorphine, which have been recently isolated by independent labs.[citation needed]

    These psychoactive effects make Nymphaea caerulea a likely candidate (among several) for the lotus plant eaten by the mythical Lotophagi in Homer's Odyssey.

    Used in aromatherapy, Nymphaea caerulea is purported to have a "divine" essence, bringing euphoria, heightened awareness and tranquility.[citation needed]

    Other sources cite anti-spasmodic and sedative, purifying and calming properties.

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    Aporphine.svg
    Aporphine

    Ochnaceae

    Ochnaceae

    Genus Pandanus (Screw Pine): DMT in nuts[66]

    Papaveraceae

    The most famous member of this family is the Opium poppy.

    |
    Blank.jpg

    | Stachelmohn.JPG Argemone mexicana | Used by Chinese residents of Mexico during the early 20th century as a legal substitute for opium and currently smoked as a marijuana substitute.


    |
    Glaucine.png
    Glaucine

    | Glaucium flavum03.jpg Glaucium flavum | Glaucine

    Passifloraceae

  • Passiflora caerulea, Harman
    PassifloraCaerulea Bluete von oben.jpg
  • Passiflora incarnata contains Harmine, Harmaline, Harman, etc. 0.03%.[82]

    Piperaceae

    |
    Kavalactone General Structure.PNG
    Kavalactones

    | Starr 040318-0058 Piper methysticum.jpg Piper methysticum | Kavalactones



    Poaceae (Gramineae)

    Some Graminae (grass) species contain gramine, which can cause brain damage, other organ damage, central nervous system damage and death in sheep.[83]

    Species
    Alkaloids (Dried)
    Arundo.donax1web.jpg
    Arundo donax
    0.0057% DMT in dried rhizome, no stem, 0.026% bufotenine, 0.0023% 5-MeO-MMT[84]
    Phalaris aquatica.jpg
    Phalaris aquatica
    0.0007-0.18% Total alkaloids,[85] 0.100% DMT,[86] 0.022% 5-MeO-DMT,[86] 0.005% 5-OH-DMT[86]
    Rietgras bloeiwijze Phalaris arundinacea.jpg
    Phalaris arundinacea
    0.0004-0.121% Total alkaloids[85]
    Phalaris brachystachys
    Aerial parts up to 3% total alkaloids, DMT present[citation needed]
    Phragmites australis Schilfrohr.jpg
    Phragmites australis
    DMT in roots[64]

    None of the above alkaloids are said to have been found in Phalaris californica, Phalaris canariensis, Phalaris minor and hybrids of P. arundinacea together with P. aquatica.[85]

    Polygonaceae

    Punicaceae

    • Punica granatum "DMT in root cortex;"[74] The dried stem and root bark of the tree contain about 0.4-0.9% alkaloids.[87]

    Rubiaceae

    Mitragyna speciosa also known as "Kratom" is a plant which leaf is used for it's opiod effect.150px

    Species
    Alkaloids (Dried)
    Psychotria carthagenensis
    0.2% average DMT in dried leaves[64]
    Psychotria expansa
    DMT[74]
    Psychotria forsteriana
    DMT[74]
    Psychotria insularum
    DMT[74]
    Psychotria poeppigiana.jpg
    Psychotria poeppigiana [2]
    DMT[74]
    Psychotria rostrata
    DMT[74]
    Psychotria rufipilis
    DMT[74]
    Psychotria viridis.gif
    Psychotria viridis
    DMT 0.1-0.61% dried mass.[88]

    Rutaceae

    Species
    Alkaloids (Dried)
    Dictyoloma incanescens.png
    Dictyoloma incanescens
    5-MeO-DMT in leaves,[64][79] 0.04% 5-MeO-DMT in bark[66]
    Dutaillyea drupacea
    > 0.4 % 5-MeO-DMT in leaves[45][64]
    Dutaillyea oreophila
    5-MeO-DMT in leaves[64]
    Rutaceae sp SZ21.png
    Tetradium ruticarpum
    (syn. Evodia rutaecarpa)
    5-MeO-DMT in leaves,[64] fruit and roots
    Limonia acidissima syn Limonia elephantum or Fernonia limonia (wood-apple) in Talakona forest, AP W IMG 8334.jpg
    Limonia acidissima
    5-MeO-DMT in stems[64]
    Euodia leptococca (formerly Melicope)
    0.2% total alkaloids, 0.07% 5-MeO-DMT; 5-MeO-DMT in leaves and stems,[64] also "5-MeO-DMT-Oxide and a beta-carboline"[73]
    Pilocarpus organensis
    5-MeO-DMT in leaves[64]
    Vepris ampody
    Up to 0.2% DMT in leaves and branches[64][66]
    Zanthoxylum arborescens
    DMT in leaves[64]
    Zanthoxylum procerum
    DMT in leaves[64]


    Turneraceae

    |
    Blank.jpg
    Damianin

    | Tunera diffusa 2.jpg Turnera diffusa | Damianin


    Urticaceae


    See also

    References

    1. Ayahuasca Analogues
    2. Jump up to: 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 Trouts Notes on Sacred Cacti Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "sacred" defined multiple times with different content
    3. Tihkal
    4. Trachelospermum jasminoides (www.giftpflanzen.com)
    5. Catharanthus roseus
    6. Profiles of Psychedelic Drugs
    7. http://www.thenook.org/archives/tek/alklist.htm
    8. Trichocereus
    9. Jump up to: 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Forbidden Fruit Archives
    10. Jump up to: 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 Visionary Cactus Guide Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "mesc" defined multiple times with different content
    11. Jump up to: 11.0 11.1 11.2 Erowid Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "guide" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "guide" defined multiple times with different content
    12. Austrocylindropuntia cylindrica (http://www.desert-tropicals.com)
    13. Cylindropuntia spinosior (www.desert-tropicals.com)
    14. Jump up to: 14.0 14.1 14.2 Partial List of Alkaloids in Trichocereus Cacti
    15. Echinopsis tacaquirensis ssp. taquimbalensis
    16. www.desert-tropicals.com
    17. "Trichterwinde (Ipomoea violacea) im GIFTPFLANZEN.COMpendium - www.giftpflanzen.com". www.giftpflanzen.com. Retrieved on 2008-04-18.
    18. "Ololiuqui (Rivea corymbosa) im GIFTPFLANZEN.COMpendium - www.giftpflanzen.com". www.giftpflanzen.com. Retrieved on 2008-04-18.
    19. "Lycaeum > Leda > Acacia acuminata". leda.lycaeum.org. Retrieved on 2008-02-23.
    20. Jump up to: 20.00 20.01 20.02 20.03 20.04 20.05 20.06 20.07 20.08 20.09 20.10 20.11 20.12 20.13 20.14 20.15 Shaman Australis
    21. Glasby, John Stephen (1991). Dictionary of Plants Containing Secondary Metabolites. CRC Press. p. 2. ISBN 0850664233. http://books.google.com/books?id=te53VV5u8YMC&pg=RA1-PA2&ots=e5Swnj0FN9&dq=acacia+alkaloids&sig=ph1WfGlPnw5YMc3SReh2P5li2ls. 
    22. English Title: Nutritive value assessment of the tropical shrub legume Acacia angustissima: anti-nutritional compounds and in vitro digestibility. Personal Authors: McSweeney, C. S., Krause, D. O., Palmer, B., Gough, J., Conlan, L. L., Hegarty, M. P. Author Affiliation: CSIRO Livestock Industries, Long Pocket Laboratories, 120 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia. Document Title: Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2005 (Vol. 121) (No. 1/2) 175-190
    23. Maya Ethnobotanicals
    24. Jump up to: 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 24.4 24.5 24.6 24.7 Acacia (Polish)
    25. Lycaeum
    26. Jump up to: 26.0 26.1 www.serendipity.com
    27. Jump up to: 27.0 27.1 27.2 27.3 27.4 27.5 Chemotaxonomie der Pflanzen By Robert Hegnauer
    28. Jump up to: 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.3 28.4 www.bushfood.net
    29. Duboisia hopwoodii - Pituri Bush - Solanaceae - Central America
    30. Ask Dr. Shulgin Online: Acacias and Natural Amphetamine
    31. Jump up to: 31.0 31.1 31.2 31.3 31.4 31.5 31.6 31.7 Index of Rätsch, Christian. Enzyklopädie der psychoaktiven Pflanzen, Botanik, Ethnopharmakologie und Anwendungen, 7. Auflage. AT Verlag, 2004, 941 Seiten. ISBN 3855025703 at [1] Template:Languageicon
    32. www.abc.net.au
    33. Acacia Complanata Phytochemical Studies
    34. Lycaeum -- Acacias and Entheogens
    35. Lycaeum
    36. NMR spectral assignments of a new chlorotryptamine alkaloid and its analogues from Acacia confusa Malcolm S. Buchanan, Anthony R. Carroll, David Pass, Ronald J. Quinn Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry Volume 45, Issue 4 , Pages359 - 361. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    37. Jump up to: 37.0 37.1 37.2 Naturheilpraxis Fachforum (German)
    38. Lycaeum
    39. Jump up to: 39.0 39.1 Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
    40. Jump up to: 40.0 40.1 Wattle Seed Workshop Proceedings 12 March 2002, Canberra March 2003 RIRDC Publication No 03/024, RIRDC Project No WS012-06
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    42. Purdue University
    43. Jump up to: 43.0 43.1 43.2 Hegnauer, Robert (1994). Chemotaxonomie der Pflanzen. Springer. p. 500. ISBN 3764329793. http://books.google.com/books?id=9fDv1RYqIRkC&dq=chemotaxonomie+der+pflanzen&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=kkne5dmPiX&sig=iprrFOkR3ClREUcAyMORs0lGjdY#PPA290,M1. 
    44. "Lycaeum > Leda > Acacia floribunda". leda.lycaeum.org. Retrieved on 2008-02-23.
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    46. "Lycaeum > Leda > Acacia longifolia". leda.lycaeum.org. Retrieved on 2008-02-23.
    47. extentech.sheetster.com
    48. Acacia obtusifolia Phytochemical Studies
    49. Plants Containing DMT (German)
    50. "Acacia campylacantha - Hortipedia". www.hortipedia.org. Retrieved on 2008-02-23.
    51. "Acacia rigidula - Magiska Molekylers Wiki". wiki.magiskamolekyler.org. Retrieved on 2008-02-23.
    52. Chemistry of Acacias from South Texas
    53. Arbeitsstelle für praktische Biologie (APB)
    54. Jump up to: 54.0 54.1 54.2 54.3 54.4 54.5 54.6 UNO
    55. Jump up to: 55.0 55.1 55.2 55.3 55.4 55.5 55.6 55.7 55.8 Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "drduke" defined multiple times with different content
    56. Herbotechnica (Spanish)
    57. "Bufo alvarius - Jonathan Ott on Bufotenine". www.erowid.org. Retrieved on 2008-02-23.
    58. Psychedelics Encyclopedia By Peter G. Stafford, p. 313.
    59. PubMed
    60. Jump up to: 60.0 60.1 Desmanthus (Ayahuasca: alkaloids, plants & analogs)
    61. Google Book Search. books.google.com. http://books.google.com/books?id=bUV8C6iLFkEC&pg=PA236&lpg=PA236&dq=%22Mimosa+somnians%22&source=web&ots=5KzgBm6X_5&sig=Rh_GpZxz_cB0AX73SDgeIpkvl84&hl=en#PPA199,M1. Retrieved 2008-05-08. 
    62. "Desmodium caudatum information from NPGS/GRIN". www.ars-grin.gov. Retrieved on 2008-05-02.
    63. Jump up to: 63.0 63.1 63.2 63.3 Trout's Notes on Desmodium
    64. Jump up to: 64.00 64.01 64.02 64.03 64.04 64.05 64.06 64.07 64.08 64.09 64.10 64.11 64.12 64.13 64.14 64.15 64.16 64.17 64.18 64.19 64.20 64.21 64.22 64.23 64.24 64.25 64.26 64.27 64.28 64.29 64.30 64.31 64.32 64.33 "Ayahuasca Analogues". www.serendipity.li. Retrieved on 2008-04-28.
    65. Pharmaceutical-Neutraceutical Bulletin, Final
    66. Jump up to: 66.0 66.1 66.2 66.3 66.4 66.5 66.6 66.7 66.8 Erowid Tryptamine FAQ
    67. "Isolation and Identification of Putative Hallucinogenic Constituents from the Roots of Mimosa ophthalmocentra - Pharmaceutical Biology". www.informaworld.com. Retrieved on 2008-04-20.
    68. Google Book Search. books.google.com. http://books.google.com/books?id=bUV8C6iLFkEC&pg=PA236&lpg=PA236&dq=%22Mimosa+somnians%22&source=web&ots=5KzgBm6X_5&sig=Rh_GpZxz_cB0AX73SDgeIpkvl84&hl=en#PPA208,M1. Retrieved 2008-05-07. 
    69. Ask Erowid ID 75
    70. "UNODC Bulletin on Narcotics 1969".
    71. Erowid entry(2002)
    72. "Kalifornischer Korallenstrauch (Erythrina decora) im GIFTPFLANZEN.COMpendium - www.giftpflanzen.com". www.giftpflanzen.com. Retrieved on 2008-04-18.
    73. Jump up to: 73.0 73.1 73.2 Bluezoo Tryptamines
    74. Jump up to: 74.00 74.01 74.02 74.03 74.04 74.05 74.06 74.07 74.08 74.09 74.10 74.11 Plants Containing DMT Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "dmt-nexus" defined multiple times with different content
    75. Clones of Salvia divinorum
    76. Sinicuichi FAQ
    77. DMT Plants List
    78. "Species Information". sun.ars-grin.gov. Retrieved on 2008-04-11.
    79. Jump up to: 79.0 79.1 www.tryptamines.com
    80. COMMITTEE FOR VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCTS VIROLA SEBIFERA SUMMARY REPORT
    81. www.amazing-nature.com
    82. www.drugs.com
    83. Toxicants of Plant Origin - Google Book Search. books.google.com. http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&id=eASgQyXq8xMC&oi=fnd&pg=PA169&dq=%22mimosa+hostilis%22+dimethyltryptamine&ots=pe6oz-oODM&sig=D6kaAQYmEqSOkJ4kkztPcm2K10I#PPA171,M1. Retrieved 2008-04-20. 
    84. Erowid Arundo Donax Info Page 1
    85. Jump up to: 85.0 85.1 85.2 Lycaeum
    86. Jump up to: 86.0 86.1 86.2 Erowid Phalaris FAQ
    87. Pomegranate (Herbdata New Zealand)
    88. Amazing Nature

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