Difference between revisions of "List of fruits"
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== Podocarps == | == Podocarps == | ||
| − | Podocarps are conifers in the family [[Podocarpaceae]]. The seed [[conifer cone|cones]] are highly modified and, in some, the seed is surrounded by fleshy scale tissue, resembling a drupe. These berry-like cone scales are eaten by birds which then disperse the seeds in their droppings and the cones can be eaten in many species. Podocarps are either half-hardy or frost tender, depending on species. Many genera are similar in that they have edible "fruits" and often don't have a common name. | + | Podocarps are [[conifers]] in the family [[Podocarpaceae]]. The seed [[conifer cone|cones]] are highly modified and, in some, the seed is surrounded by fleshy [[[scale tissue]], resembling a [[drupe]]. These berry-like cone scales are eaten by birds which then disperse the seeds in their droppings and the cones can be eaten in many species. Podocarps are either half-hardy or frost tender, depending on species. Many genera are similar in that they have edible "fruits" and often don't have a common name. |
| − | * [[Kahikatea]] (''Dacrycarpus dacrydioides'') | + | * [[Kahikatea]] (''[[Dacrycarpus dacrydioides]]'') |
| − | * [[Manoao]] (''Manoao colensoi'') | + | * [[Manoao]] (''[[Manoao colensoi]]'') |
| − | * [[Nageia]] (''Nageia'' spp.) | + | * [[Nageia]] (''[[Nageia]]'' spp.) |
* [[Podocarpus]] (''Podocarpus'' spp.) | * [[Podocarpus]] (''Podocarpus'' spp.) | ||
* [[Prumnopitys]] (''Prumnopitys'' spp.) | * [[Prumnopitys]] (''Prumnopitys'' spp.) | ||
| − | * [[Rimu]] (''Dacrydium cupressinum'') | + | * [[Rimu]] (''[[Dacrydium cupressinum]]'') |
== Herbaceous annuals fruits == | == Herbaceous annuals fruits == | ||
| − | === Melons and other members of Cucurbitaceae or Solanaceae family === | + | === Melons and other members of [[Cucurbitaceae]] or [[Solanaceae]] family === |
Some exceptions to the statement that temperate fruits grow on woody perennials are: | Some exceptions to the statement that temperate fruits grow on woody perennials are: | ||
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* [[Gourds]], including, but not limited to: | * [[Gourds]], including, but not limited to: | ||
| − | **[[Hubbard squash]], [[Buttercup squash]] (''Cucurbita maxima'') | + | **[[Hubbard squash]], [[Buttercup squash]] (''[[Cucurbita maxima]]'') |
| − | **[[Cushaw squash]] (''Cucurbita mixta'') | + | **[[Cushaw squash]] (''[[Cucurbita mixta]]'') |
| − | **[[Butternut squash]] (''Cucurbita moschata'') | + | **[[Butternut squash]] (''[[Cucurbita moschata]]'') |
| − | **[[Pumpkins]], [[Acorn squash]], [[Summer squash]] (''Cucurbita pepo'') | + | **[[Pumpkins]], [[Acorn squash]], [[Summer squash]] (''[[Cucurbita pepo]]'') |
| − | * [[Horned melon]] (''Cucumis metuliferus'') | + | * [[Horned melon]] (''[[Cucumis metuliferus]]'') |
| − | * [[Melon]] (''Cucumis melo''): [[cantaloupe]], [[Galia (melon)|galia]], and other [[muskmelon]]s, [[Honeydew (melon)|honeydew]] | + | * [[Melon]] (''[[Cucumis melo]]''): [[cantaloupe]], [[Galia (melon)|galia]], and other [[muskmelon]]s, [[Honeydew (melon)|honeydew]] |
| − | * [[Watermelon]] (''Citrullus vulgaris'') | + | * [[Watermelon]] (''[[Citrullus vulgaris]]'') |
=== Accessory fruits === | === Accessory fruits === | ||
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The [[accessory fruit]]s, seed organs which are not botanically berries at all:: | The [[accessory fruit]]s, seed organs which are not botanically berries at all:: | ||
| − | * [[Raisin tree]] (''Hovenia dulcis'', [[Rhamnaceae]]) Also called [[Japanese Raisin Tree]] | + | * [[Raisin tree]] (''[[Hovenia dulcis]]'', [[Rhamnaceae]]) Also called [[Japanese Raisin Tree]] |
| − | * [[Strawberry]] (''Fragaria'' spp.; [[Rosaceae]]) | + | * [[Strawberry]] (''[[Fragaria]]'' spp.; [[Rosaceae]]) |
=== Vegetables === | === Vegetables === | ||
A few [[vegetables]] are sometimes colloquially, but incorrectly, termed as "[[fruit]]" in the kitchen: | A few [[vegetables]] are sometimes colloquially, but incorrectly, termed as "[[fruit]]" in the kitchen: | ||
| − | * [[Angelica]] (''Angelica'' spp.; [[Apiaceae]]) | + | * [[Angelica]] (''[[Angelica]]'' spp.; [[Apiaceae]]) |
| − | * [[Rhubarb]] (''Rheum'' spp.; [[Polygonaceae]]): leaf petioles used in pies, jams, cakes, muffins, [[country wine]], etc.[http://www.rhubarbinfo.com/recipe-index.html] People occasionally die when they accidentally eat the poisonous leaf blades rather than the petioles. | + | * [[Rhubarb]] (''[[Rheum]]'' spp.; [[Polygonaceae]]): leaf petioles used in pies, jams, cakes, muffins, [[country wine]], etc.[http://www.rhubarbinfo.com/recipe-index.html] People occasionally die when they accidentally eat the poisonous leaf blades rather than the petioles. |
== Mediterranean and subtropical fruits == | == Mediterranean and subtropical fruits == | ||
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[[Image:Close up grapes.jpg|thumb|Grapes]] | [[Image:Close up grapes.jpg|thumb|Grapes]] | ||
| − | * [[Cornelian cherry]] (''Cornus mas''; [[Cornaceae]]) | + | * [[Cornelian cherry]] (''[[Cornus mas]]''; [[Cornaceae]]) |
| − | * [[Date (fruit)|Date palm]] (''Phoenix dactylifera''; [[Arecaceae]]) | + | * [[Date (fruit)|Date palm]] (''[[Phoenix dactylifera]]''; [[Arecaceae]]) |
| − | * [[Fig]] (''Ficus'' spp. [[Moraceae]]) | + | * [[Fig]] (''[[Ficus]]'' spp. [[Moraceae]]) |
| − | * [[Grape]], called [[raisin]], [[sultana (grape)|sultana]], or [[Ribes|currant]] when it is dried (''Vitis'' spp.; Vitaceae) | + | * [[Grape]], called [[raisin]], [[sultana (grape)|sultana]], or [[Ribes|currant]] when it is dried (''[[Vitis]]'' spp.; Vitaceae) |
| − | * [[Jujube]] (''Ziziphus zizyphus''; [[Rhamnaceae]]) | + | * [[Jujube]] (''[[Ziziphus zizyphus]]''; [[Rhamnaceae]]) |
| − | * [[Mulberry|Black mulberry]] (''Morus nigra''; [[Moraceae]]) | + | * [[Mulberry|Black mulberry]] (''[[Morus nigra]]''; [[Moraceae]]) |
| − | * [[Olive]] (''Olea europea''; [[Oleaceae]]) | + | * [[Olive]] (''[[Olea europea]]''; [[Oleaceae]]) |
| − | * [[Pomegranate]] (''Punica granatum''; [[Punicaceae]]) | + | * [[Pomegranate]] (''[[Punica granatum]]''; [[Punicaceae]]) |
In the important genus ''[[Citrus]]'' ([[Rutaceae]]), some members are tropical, tolerating no frost. All common species of commerce are somewhat hardy: | In the important genus ''[[Citrus]]'' ([[Rutaceae]]), some members are tropical, tolerating no frost. All common species of commerce are somewhat hardy: | ||
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[[Image:Lemon-edit1.jpg|thumb|Lemon]] | [[Image:Lemon-edit1.jpg|thumb|Lemon]] | ||
| − | * [[Pomelo]] (also known as the shaddock) (''Citrus paradisi'') | + | * [[Pomelo]] (also known as the shaddock) (''[[Citrus paradisi]]'') |
| − | * [[Citron]] (''Citrus medica'') | + | * [[Citron]] (''[[Citrus medica]]'') |
* [[Grapefruit]] | * [[Grapefruit]] | ||
| − | * [[Lemon]] (''Citrus limon'') | + | * [[Lemon]] (''[[Citrus limon]]'') |
* [[Lime (fruit)|Limes]] | * [[Lime (fruit)|Limes]] | ||
| − | ** [[Key Lime]] (''Citrus aurantifolia'') | + | ** [[Key Lime]] (''[[Citrus aurantifolia]]'') |
** [[Persian lime]] Also known as tahiti lime. | ** [[Persian lime]] Also known as tahiti lime. | ||
| − | ** [[Kaffir lime]] (''Citrus hystix'') | + | ** [[Kaffir lime]] (''[[Citrus hystix]]'') |
| − | * [[Mandarin (fruit)|Mandarin]] (''Citrus reticulata''), | + | * [[Mandarin (fruit)|Mandarin]] (''[[Citrus reticulata]]''), |
| − | * [[Clementine]] (''Citrus reticulata | + | * [[Clementine]] (''[[Citrus reticulata var. clementine]]), |
* [[Tangerine]], and similar | * [[Tangerine]], and similar | ||
| − | * [[Orange (fruit)|Orange]], of which there are sweet (''Citrus sinensis'') and sour (''Citrus aurantium'') species | + | * [[Orange (fruit)|Orange]], of which there are sweet (''[[Citrus sinensis]]'') and sour (''[[Citrus aurantium]]'') species |
* Hybrids of the preceding species, such as the [[Orangelo]], [[Tangelo]], [[Rangpur]] and [[Ugli fruit]] | * Hybrids of the preceding species, such as the [[Orangelo]], [[Tangelo]], [[Rangpur]] and [[Ugli fruit]] | ||
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Other subtropical fruits: | Other subtropical fruits: | ||
| − | * [[Avocado]] (''Persea americana''; [[Lauraceae]]) | + | * [[Avocado]] (''[[Persea americana]]''; [[Lauraceae]]) |
| − | * [[Feijoa]] (''Feijoa sellowiana''; [[Myrtaceae]]) | + | * [[Feijoa]] (''[[Feijoa sellowiana]]''; [[Myrtaceae]]) |
| − | * [[Guava]] (''Psidium guajava''; [[Myrtaceae]]) | + | * [[Guava]] (''[[Psidium guajava]]''; [[Myrtaceae]]) |
| − | * [[Kumquat]] (''Fortunella'' spp.; [[Rutaceae]]) | + | * [[Kumquat]] (''[[Fortunella]]'' spp.; [[Rutaceae]]) |
| − | * [[Longan]] (''Euphoria longan''; [[Sapindaceae]]) | + | * [[Longan]] (''[[Euphoria longan]]''; [[Sapindaceae]]) |
| − | * [[Lúcuma]] (''Pouteria lucuma''; [[Sapotaceae]]) | + | * [[Lúcuma]] (''[[Pouteria lucuma]]''; [[Sapotaceae]]) |
| − | * [[Lychee]] (''Litchi chinensis''; [[Sapindaceae]]) | + | * [[Lychee]] (''[[Litchi chinensis]]''; [[Sapindaceae]]) |
| − | * [[Passion fruit]] or [[Grenadilla]] (''Passiflora edulis'' and other ''Passiflora'' spp.; [[Passifloraceae]]) Galendar in some part of east India (Darjeeling) | + | * [[Passion fruit]] or [[Grenadilla]] (''[[Passiflora edulis]]'' and other ''[[Passiflora]]'' spp.; [[Passifloraceae]]) [[Galendar]] in some part of east India (Darjeeling) |
| − | * [[Pond-apple]] (''Annona | + | * [[Pond-apple]] (''[[Annona glabr]]a''; [[Annonaceae]]) Also called [[Alligator-apple]] and [[Monkey-apple]] |
| − | * [[Strawberry guava]] (''Psidium litorale''; [[Myrtaceae]]) | + | * [[Strawberry guava]] (''[[Psidium litorale]]''; [[Myrtaceae]]) |
| − | * [[Tamarillo]] or [[Tree Tomato]] (''Cyphomandra betacea''; [[Solanaceae]]) | + | * [[Tamarillo]] or [[Tree Tomato]] (''[[Cyphomandra betacea]]''; [[Solanaceae]]) |
| − | * [[Myrica rubra|Yangmei]] (''Myrica rubra''; [[Myricaceae]]) Also called [[Yamamomo]], [[Chinese Bayberry]], [[Japanese Bayberry]], [[Red Bayberry]], or [[Chinese strawberry tree]] | + | * [[Myrica rubra|Yangmei]] (''[[Myrica rubra]]''; [[Myricaceae]]) Also called [[Yamamomo]], [[Chinese Bayberry]], [[Japanese Bayberry]], [[Red Bayberry]], or [[Chinese strawberry tree]] |
== Tropical fruits == | == Tropical fruits == | ||
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[[Image:Carica papaya - papaya - var-tropical dwarf papaya - desc-fruit.jpg|thumb|Papayas]] | [[Image:Carica papaya - papaya - var-tropical dwarf papaya - desc-fruit.jpg|thumb|Papayas]] | ||
| − | * [[Açaí]] (''Euterpe oleracea''; [[Arecaceae]]) | + | * [[Açaí]] (''[[Euterpe oleracea]]''; [[Arecaceae]]) |
| − | * [[Acerola]] (''Malpighia glabra''; [[Malpighiaceae]]) | + | * [[Acerola]] (''[[Malpighia glabra]]''; [[Malpighiaceae]]) |
| − | * [[African cherry orange]] (''Citropsis schweinfurthii''; [[Rutaceae]]) | + | * [[African cherry orange]] (''[[Citropsis schweinfurthii''; [[Rutaceae]]) |
| − | * [[Akee]] (''Blighia sapida'' or ''Cupania sapida''; [[Sapindaceae]]) | + | * [[Akee]] (''[[Blighia sapida]]'' or ''[[Cupania sapida]]''; [[Sapindaceae]]) |
| − | * [[Amazon Grape]] (''Pourouma cecropiaefolia'';[[Moraceae]]) | + | * [[Amazon Grape]] (''[[Pourouma cecropiaefolia]]'';[[Moraceae]]) |
| − | * [[Babaco]] (''Carica pentagona''; [[Caricaceae]]) | + | * [[Babaco]] (''[[Carica pentagona]]''; [[Caricaceae]]) |
| − | * [[Bael]] (''Aegle marmelos''; [[Rutaceae]]) | + | * [[Bael]] (''[[Aegle marmelos]]''; [[Rutaceae]]) |
| − | * (''Musacea'' spp.; [[Musaceae]]); its starchy variant is the [[plantain]] | + | * [[Banana]] (''[[Musacea]]'' spp.; [[Musaceae]]); its starchy variant is the [[plantain]] |
| − | * [[Barbados Cherry]] (''Malpighia glabra L.''; [[Malpighiaceae]]), also called [[Acerola]], [[West Indian Cherry]] | + | * [[Barbados Cherry]] (''[[Malpighia glabra]] L.''; [[Malpighiaceae]]), also called [[Acerola]], [[West Indian Cherry]] |
| − | * [[Bilimbi]] (''Averrhoa bilimbi''; [[Oxalidaceae]]) Also called [[cucumber tree]] or [[tree sorrel]] | + | * [[Bilimbi]] (''[[Averrhoa bilimbi]]''; [[Oxalidaceae]]) Also called [[cucumber tree]] or [[tree sorrel]] |
| − | * [[Breadfruit]] (''Artocarpus altilis''; [[Moraceae]]) | + | * [[Breadfruit]] (''[[Artocarpus altilis]]''; [[Moraceae]]) |
| − | * [[Burmese grape]] (''Baccaurea sapida''; [[Cucurbitaceae]]) | + | * [[Burmese grape]] (''[[Baccaurea sapida]]''; [[Cucurbitaceae]]) |
| − | * [[Calabash]] (''[[Lagenaria]] | + | * [[Calabash]] (''[[Lagenaria siceraria]]''; [[Bignoniaceae]]) |
| − | * [[CamuCamu]] (''Myrciaria dubia''; [[Myrtaceae]]) | + | * [[CamuCamu]] (''[[Myrciaria dubia]]''; [[Myrtaceae]]) |
| − | * [[Canistel]] (''Pouteria campechiana''; [[Sapotaceae]]) | + | * [[Canistel]] (''[[Pouteria campechiana]]''; [[Sapotaceae]]) |
| − | * [[Carambola]] (''Averrhoa carambola''; [[Oxalidaceae]]), also called [[star fruit]] | + | * [[Carambola]] (''[[Averrhoa carambola]]''; [[Oxalidaceae]]), also called [[star fruit]] |
| − | * [[Cempedak]] (''Artocarpus champeden''; [[Moraceae]]) | + | * [[Cempedak]] (''[[Artocarpus champeden]]''; [[Moraceae]]) |
| − | * [[Cherimoya]] (''Annona | + | * [[Cherimoya]] (''[[Annona cherimol]]a''; [[Annonaceae]]) |
| − | * [[Coconut]] (''Cocos'' spp.; [[Arecaceae]]) | + | * [[Coconut]] (''[[Cocos]]'' spp.; [[Arecaceae]]) |
| − | * [[Custard apple]] (''Annona reticulata''; [[Annonaceae]]), also called ''Bullock's Heart'' | + | * [[Custard apple]] (''[[Annona reticulata]]''; [[Annonaceae]]), also called ''[[Bullock's Heart]]'' |
| − | * [[Damson Plum]] (''Chrysophyllum oliviforme''; [[Sapotaceae]]), also called ''Satin Leaf'' | + | * [[Damson Plum]] (''[[Chrysophyllum oliviforme]]''; [[Sapotaceae]]), also called ''[[Satin Leaf]]'' |
| − | * [[Date-plum]] (''Diospyros lotus''; [[Ebenaceae]]) | + | * [[Date-plum]] (''[[Diospyros lotus]]''; [[Ebenaceae]]) |
| − | * [[Dragonfruit]] (''Hylocereus'' spp.; [[Cactaceae]]), also called [[pitaya]] | + | * [[Dragonfruit]] (''[[Hylocereus]]'' spp.; [[Cactaceae]]), also called [[pitaya]] |
| − | * [[Durian]] (''Durio spp.''; [[Bombacaceae]]) | + | * [[Durian]] (''[[Durio]] spp.''; [[Bombacaceae]]) |
| − | * [[Eggfruit]] (''Pouteria campechiana''; [[Sapotaceae]]), also called [[canistel]] or [[yellow sapote]] | + | * [[Eggfruit]] (''[[Pouteria campechiana]]''; [[Sapotaceae]]), also called [[canistel]] or [[yellow sapote]] |
| − | * [[Elephant apple]] (''Dillenia indica''; [[Dilleniaceae]]) | + | * [[Elephant apple]] (''[[Dillenia indica]]''; [[Dilleniaceae]]) |
| − | * [[Guarana]] (''Paullinia cupana''; [[Sapindaceae]]) | + | * [[Guarana]] (''[[Paullinia cupana]]''; [[Sapindaceae]]) |
| − | * [[Guavaberry]] or [[Rumberry]]; (''Myrciaria floribunda''; [[Myrtaceae]]) | + | * [[Guavaberry]] or [[Rumberry]]; (''[[Myrciaria floribunda]]''; [[Myrtaceae]]) |
| − | * [[Horned melon]] (''Cucumis metuliferus''; [[Cucurbitaceae]]) | + | * [[Horned melon]] (''[[Cucumis metuliferus]]''; [[Cucurbitaceae]]) |
| − | * [[Indian Prune]] (''Flacourtia rukan''; [[Flacourtiaceae]]) | + | * [[Indian Prune]] (''[[Flacourtia rukan]]''; [[Flacourtiaceae]]) |
| − | * [[Jaboticaba]] (''Myrciaria cauliflora''; [[Myrtaceae]]), also called [[Brazilian Grape Tree]] | + | * [[Jaboticaba]] (''[[Myrciaria cauliflora]]''; [[Myrtaceae]]), also called [[Brazilian Grape Tree]] |
| − | * [[Jackfruit]] (''Artocarpus heterophyllus'' [[Moraceae]]), also called ''nangka'' | + | * [[Jackfruit]] (''[[Artocarpus heterophyllus]]'' [[Moraceae]]), also called ''nangka'' |
| − | * [[Jambul]] (''Syzygium cumini''; [[Myrtaceae]]) | + | * [[Jambul]] (''[[Syzygium cumini]]''; [[Myrtaceae]]) |
| − | * [[Jatobá]] (''Hymenae coubaril''; [[Leguminosae]]) [[Caesalpinioideae]]) | + | * [[Jatobá]] (''[[Hymenae coubaril]]''; [[Leguminosae]]) [[Caesalpinioideae]]) |
| − | * [[Jenipapo]] (''Genipa americana''; [[Rubiaceae]]) | + | * [[Jenipapo]] (''[[Genipa americana]]''; [[Rubiaceae]]) |
| − | * [[Keppel fruit]] (''Stelechocarpus burakol''; [[Annonaceae]]) | + | * [[Keppel fruit]] (''[[Stelechocarpus burakol]]''; [[Annonaceae]]) |
| − | * [[Kandis]] (''Garcinia forbesii''; [[Clusiaceae]]) | + | * [[Kandis]] (''[[Garcinia forbesii]]''; [[Clusiaceae]]) |
| − | * [[Kundong]] (''Garcinia sp.''; [[Clusiaceae]]) | + | * [[Kundong]] (''[[Garcinia]] sp.''; [[Clusiaceae]]) |
| − | * [[Langsat]] (''Lansium domesticum''), also called [[longkong]] or [[duku]] | + | * [[Langsat]] (''[[Lansium domesticum]]''), also called [[longkong]] or [[duku]] |
| − | * [[Mabolo]], (''Diospyros discolor''; [[Ebenaceae]]) also known as a [[velvet persimmon]] | + | * [[Mabolo]], (''[[Diospyros discolor]]''; [[Ebenaceae]]) also known as a [[velvet persimmon]] |
| − | * [[Mamey sapote]] (''Pouteria sapota''; [[Sapotaceae]]) | + | * [[Mamey sapote]] (''[[Pouteria sapota]]''; [[Sapotaceae]]) |
| − | * [[Mamoncillo]] (''Melicoccus bijugatus''; [[Sapindaceae]]), also known as [[quenepa]], [[genip]] or Fijian Longan | + | * [[Mamoncillo]] (''[[Melicoccus bijugatus]]''; [[Sapindaceae]]), also known as [[quenepa]], [[genip]] or Fijian Longan |
| − | * [[Mango]] (''Mangifera indica''; [[Anacardiaceae]]) | + | * [[Mango]] (''[[Mangifera indica]]''; [[Anacardiaceae]]) |
| − | * [[Mangosteen]] (''Garcinia mangostana''; [[Clusiaceae]]) | + | * [[Mangosteen]] (''[[Garcinia mangostana]]''; [[Clusiaceae]]) |
| − | * [[Marang]] (''Artocarpus odoratissima''; [[Moraceae]]), a [[breadfruit]] relative | + | * [[Marang]] (''[[Artocarpus odoratissima]]''; [[Moraceae]]), a [[breadfruit]] relative |
| − | * [[Monstera deliciosa|Monstera]] (''Monstera deliciosa''; [[Araceae]]) also called [[Swiss Cheese Plant]], [[Split-leaf Philodendron]] | + | * [[Monstera deliciosa|Monstera]] (''[[Monstera deliciosa]]''; [[Araceae]]) also called [[Swiss Cheese Plant]], [[Split-leaf Philodendron]] |
| − | * [[Naranjilla]], [[Lulo]] (''Solanum quitoense''; [[Solanaceae]]) | + | * [[Naranjilla]], [[Lulo]] (''[[Solanum quitoense]]''; [[Solanaceae]]) |
| − | * [[Papaya]] (''Carica papaya''; [[Caricaceae]]) | + | * [[Papaya]] (''[[Carica papaya]]''; [[Caricaceae]]) |
| − | * [[Peanut butter fruit]] (''Bunchosia argentea''; [[Malpighiaceae]]) | + | * [[Peanut butter fruit]] (''[[Bunchosia argentea]]''; [[Malpighiaceae]]) |
| − | * [[Pequi]] or Souari Nut (''Caryocar brasiliense''; [[Caryocaraceae]]) | + | * [[Pequi]] or Souari Nut (''[[Caryocar brasiliense]]''; [[Caryocaraceae]]) |
| − | * [[Pineapple]] (''Ananas comosus'' or ''Ananas sativas''; [[Bromeliaceae]]) | + | * [[Pineapple]] (''[[Ananas comosus]]'' or ''[[Ananas sativas]]''; [[Bromeliaceae]]) |
* [[Pitomba]] (''[[Eugenia luschnathiana]]'' or ''[[Talisia esculenta]]'') | * [[Pitomba]] (''[[Eugenia luschnathiana]]'' or ''[[Talisia esculenta]]'') | ||
| − | * [[Pupunha]] or peach-palm (''Bactris gasipaes''; [[Palmae]]) | + | * [[Pupunha]] or peach-palm (''[[Bactris gasipaes]]''; [[Palmae]]) |
| − | * [[Poha]] or [[Cape Gooseberry]] ('' | + | * [[Poha]] or [[Cape Gooseberry]] (''[[Physalis peruviana]]''; [[Solanaceae]]) |
| − | * [[Poisonleaf]] (''Dichapetalum cymosum'') (?) | + | * [[Poisonleaf]] (''[[Dichapetalum cymosum]]'') (?) |
| − | * [[Rambutan]] (''Nephelium lappaceum''; [[Sapindaceae]]) | + | * [[Rambutan]] (''[[Nephelium lappaceum]]''; [[Sapindaceae]]) |
| − | * [[Red Mombin]] (''Spondias purpurea''; [[Anacardiaceae]]) | + | * [[Red Mombin]] (''[[Spondias purpurea]]''; [[Anacardiaceae]]) |
| − | * [[Riberry]] (''Syzygium luehmannii''; [[Myrtaceae]]), also called [[Lilly Pilly]], [[Lillipilli]], [[Chinese Apple]] | + | * [[Riberry]] (''[[Syzygium luehmannii]]''; [[Myrtaceae]]), also called [[Lilly Pilly]], [[Lillipilli]], [[Chinese Apple]] |
| − | * [[Syzygium jambos|Rose apple]] (''Syzygium jambos''; [[Myrtaceae]]), also called [[Syzygium jambos|Malay apple]] | + | * [[Syzygium jambos|Rose apple]] (''[[Syzygium jambos]]''; [[Myrtaceae]]), also called [[Syzygium jambos|Malay apple]] |
| − | * [[Salak]] (''Salacca edulis''), also called [[snakefruit]] | + | * [[Salak]] (''[[Salacca edulis]]''), also called [[snakefruit]] |
| − | * [[Santol]] (''Sandoricum koetjape''; [[Meliaceae]]) | + | * [[Santol]] (''[[Sandoricum koetjape]]''; [[Meliaceae]]) |
| − | * [[Sapodilla]] (''Achras/Manilkara zapota''; [[Sapotaceae]]), also called [[chiku]], [[mespel]], [[naseberry]], [[sapadilla]], [[snake fruit]], [[sawo]] | + | * [[Sapodilla]] (''[[Achras zapota|Achras]]/[[Manilkara zapota]]''; [[Sapotaceae]]), also called [[chiku]], [[mespel]], [[naseberry]], [[sapadilla]], [[snake fruit]], [[sawo]] |
| − | * [[Soursop]] (''Annona muricata''; [[Annonaceae]]), also called [[guanabana]] | + | * [[Soursop]] (''[[Annona muricata]]''; [[Annonaceae]]), also called [[guanabana]] |
| − | * [[Star apple]] (''Chrysophyllum cainito''), also called [[Chrysophyllum cainito|caimito]] | + | * [[Star apple]] (''[[Chrysophyllum cainito]]''), also called [[Chrysophyllum cainito|caimito]] |
| − | * [[Sugar apple]] (''Annona squamosa''; [[Annonaceae]]) | + | * [[Sugar apple]] (''[[Annona squamosa]]''; [[Annonaceae]]) |
| − | * [[Surinam Cherry]] (''Eugenia uniflora''; [[Myrtaceae]]) also called [[Brazilian Cherry]], [[Cayenne Cherry]], [[Pitanga]] | + | * [[Surinam Cherry]] (''[[Eugenia uniflora]]''; [[Myrtaceae]]) also called [[Brazilian Cherry]], [[Cayenne Cherry]], [[Pitanga]] |
| − | * [[Tamarind]] (''Tamarindus indica''; [[Caesalpiniaceae]]) | + | * [[Tamarind]] (''[[Tamarindus indica]]''; [[Caesalpiniaceae]]) |
| − | * [[Wax apple]] (''Syzygium samarangense'') | + | * [[Wax apple]] (''[[Syzygium samarangense]]'') |
== Inedible fruit == | == Inedible fruit == | ||
Latest revision as of 23:49, 9 March 2010
Here are lists of fruits considered edible in some cuisine. The definition of fruit for these lists is a culinary fruit, i.e. "Any sweet, edible part of a plant that resembles fruit, even if it does not develop from a floral ovary; also used in a technically imprecise sense for some sweet or sweetish vegetables, such as rhubarb, that resemble a true fruit or are used in cookery as if they were a fruit."[1] Note that many true fruits are considered to be vegetables in the culinary sense (for example: the tomato), and hence do not appear in this article. There exist also many fruits that are edible; however, for various reasons have not become popular.
Temperate fruits
Fruits of temperate climates are almost universally borne on trees or woody shrubs or lianas. They will not grow adequately in the tropics, as they need a period of cold (a chilling requirement) each year before they will flower. The apple, pear, cherry, and plum are the most widely grown and eaten, owing to their adaptability. Many other fruits are important regionally but do not figure prominently in commerce. Many sorts of small fruit on this list are gathered from the wild, just as they were in Neolithic times.
Rosaceae family
The Family Rosaceae dominates the temperate fruits, both in numbers and in importance. The pome fruits, stone fruits and brambles are fruits of plants in Rosaceae.
The pome fruits:
- Apple and crabapple (Malus)
- Chokeberry also called cooking apple (Aronia)
- Hawthorn (Crataegus and Rhaphiolepis)
- Serviceberry or saskatoon (Amelanchier)
- Loquat (Eryobotrya japonica)
- Medlar (Mespilus germanica)
- Pear, European and Asian species (Pyrus)
- Quince (Cydonia oblonga and Chaenomeles)
- Rowan (Sorbus)
- Service tree (Sorbus domestica), bears a fruit known as a sorb or sorb apple
- Rose-hip, the fruitlike base of roses (Rosa); used mostly for jams and herbal tea
- Shipova (× Sorbopyrus auricularis)
The stone fruits, drupes of genus Prunus:
- Apricot (Prunus armeniaca or Armeniaca vulgaris)
- Cherry, sweet, sour, and wild species (Prunus avium, Prunus cerasus, and others)
- Chokecherry (Prunus virginiana)
- Plum, of which there are several domestic and wild species; dried plums are called prunes
- Peach (of the normal and white variety) and its variant the nectarine (Prunus persica)
- Hybrids of the preceding species, such as the pluot, aprium and peacotum
- Greengage, a cultivar of the plum
Berries
In non-technical usage, berry means any small fruit that can be eaten whole and lacks objectionable seeds. The bramble fruits, compound fruits of genus Rubus (blackberries), are some of the most popular pseudo-berries:
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- Blackberry, of which there are many species and hybrids, such as dewberry, boysenberry, olallieberry and loganberry (genus Rubus)
- Raspberry, several species (genus Rubus)
- Cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus)
- Wineberry (Rubus phoenicolasius)
- Salmonberry (Rubus spectabilis)
- Loganberry (Rubus loganobaccus)
- Thimbleberry (Rubus parviflorus)
The true berries are dominated by the family Ericaceae, many of which are hardy in the subarctic:
- Bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp.)
- Bilberry or whortleberry (Vaccinium spp.)
- Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.)
- Crowberry (Empetrum spp.)
- Cranberry (Vaccinium spp.)
- Huckleberry (Vaccinium spp.)
- Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea)
- Strawberry Tree (Arbutus unedo), not to be confused with the Strawberry (Fragaria)
Other berries not in the Rosaceae or Ericaceae:
- Barberry (Berberis; Berberidaceae)
- Currant (Ribes spp.; Grossulariaceae), red, black, and white types
- Elderberry (Sambucus; Caprifoliaceae)
- Gooseberry (Ribes spp.; Grossulariaceae)
- Hackberry (Celtis spp.; Cannabaceae)
- Honeysuckle: the berries of some species (called honeyberries) are edible, others are poisonous (Lonicera spp.; Caprifoliaceae)
- Mayapple (Podophyllum spp.; Berberidaceae)
- Nannyberry or sheepberry (Viburnum spp.; Caprifoliaceae)
- Oregon grape (Mahonia aquifolium; Berberidaceae)
- Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides; Elaeagnaceae)
- Sea Grape (Coccoloba uvifera; Polygonaceae)
- Wolfberry (Lycium barbarum, Lycium spp.; Solanaceae)
- Mulberry (Morus spp.; Moraceae)
Fruits of Asian origin
Some fruits native to Asia.
- Arhat (Siraitia grosvenorii; Cucurbitaceae) Also called longevity fruit
- Che (Cudrania tricuspidata; Moraceae) Also called Cudrania, Chinese Mulberry, Cudrang, Mandarin Melon Berry, Silkworm Thorn, zhe
- Goumi (Elaeagnus multiflora ovata; Elaeagnaceae)
- Hardy Kiwi (Actinidia arguta)
- Kiwifruit or Chinese gooseberry (Actinidia spp.; Actinidiaceae)
- Lapsi (Choerospondias axillaris Roxb.)
- Persimmon (aka Sharon Fruit) (Diospyros kaki; Ebenaceae)
- Sageretia (Sageretia theezans; Rhamnaceae) Also called Mock Buckthorn
Fruits of American origin
Some other fruits native to North America that are eaten in a small way:
- American grape: North American species (e.g., Vitis labrusca; Vitaceae) and American-European hybrids are grown where grape (Vitis vinifera) is not hardy and are used as rootstocks
- American Mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum; Berberidaceae)
- American persimmon (Diospyros virginiana; Ebenaceae)
- Buffaloberry (Shepherdia argenta; Elaeagnaceae), which grows wild in the prairies of Canada
- Cocoplum (Chrysobalanus icaco; Chrysobalanaceae)
- Cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccus)
- False-mastic (Mastichodendron foetidissimum; Sapotaceae)
- Ground Plum (Astragalus caryocarpus; Fabaceae), also called Ground-plum milk-vetch
- Murta (Ugni molinae Turcz.; Myrtaceae)
- Pawpaw (Asimina triloba; Annonaceae, not to be confused with Papaya (Carica papaya; Caricaceae), which is called pawpaw in some English dialects)
- Pigeon plum (Coccoloba diversifolia; Polygonaceae)
- Salal berry (Gaultheria shallon; Ericaceae)
- Salmonberry (Rubus spectabilis; Rosaceae)
- Saw Palmetto (Serenoa repens; Ericaceae)
- Texas persimmon (Diospyros texana; Ebenaceae)
- Thimbleberry (Rubus parviflorus; Rosaceae)
- Toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia; Rosaceae)
Cacti and other succulents
Several cacti yield edible fruits, which are important traditional foods for some Native American peoples:
- Dragonfruit (Hylocereus undatus; Cactaceae), also called pitaya
- Prickly pear (Opuntia spp.; Cactaceae)
- Saguaro (Carnegiea gigantea; Cactaceae)
- numerous other species of cacti
Podocarps
Podocarps are conifers in the family Podocarpaceae. The seed cones are highly modified and, in some, the seed is surrounded by fleshy [[[scale tissue]], resembling a drupe. These berry-like cone scales are eaten by birds which then disperse the seeds in their droppings and the cones can be eaten in many species. Podocarps are either half-hardy or frost tender, depending on species. Many genera are similar in that they have edible "fruits" and often don't have a common name.
- Kahikatea (Dacrycarpus dacrydioides)
- Manoao (Manoao colensoi)
- Nageia (Nageia spp.)
- Podocarpus (Podocarpus spp.)
- Prumnopitys (Prumnopitys spp.)
- Rimu (Dacrydium cupressinum)
Herbaceous annuals fruits
Melons and other members of Cucurbitaceae or Solanaceae family
Some exceptions to the statement that temperate fruits grow on woody perennials are:
- Gourds, including, but not limited to:
- Horned melon (Cucumis metuliferus)
- Melon (Cucumis melo): cantaloupe, galia, and other muskmelons, honeydew
- Watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris)
Accessory fruits
The accessory fruits, seed organs which are not botanically berries at all::
- Raisin tree (Hovenia dulcis, Rhamnaceae) Also called Japanese Raisin Tree
- Strawberry (Fragaria spp.; Rosaceae)
Vegetables
A few vegetables are sometimes colloquially, but incorrectly, termed as "fruit" in the kitchen:
- Angelica (Angelica spp.; Apiaceae)
- Rhubarb (Rheum spp.; Polygonaceae): leaf petioles used in pies, jams, cakes, muffins, country wine, etc.[2] People occasionally die when they accidentally eat the poisonous leaf blades rather than the petioles.
Mediterranean and subtropical fruits
Fruits in this category are not hardy to extreme cold, as the preceding temperate fruits are, yet tolerate some frost and may have a modest chilling requirement. Notable among these are natives of the Mediterranean:
- Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas; Cornaceae)
- Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera; Arecaceae)
- Fig (Ficus spp. Moraceae)
- Grape, called raisin, sultana, or currant when it is dried (Vitis spp.; Vitaceae)
- Jujube (Ziziphus zizyphus; Rhamnaceae)
- Black mulberry (Morus nigra; Moraceae)
- Olive (Olea europea; Oleaceae)
- Pomegranate (Punica granatum; Punicaceae)
In the important genus Citrus (Rutaceae), some members are tropical, tolerating no frost. All common species of commerce are somewhat hardy:
- Pomelo (also known as the shaddock) (Citrus paradisi)
- Citron (Citrus medica)
- Grapefruit
- Lemon (Citrus limon)
- Limes
- Key Lime (Citrus aurantifolia)
- Persian lime Also known as tahiti lime.
- Kaffir lime (Citrus hystix)
- Mandarin (Citrus reticulata),
- Clementine (Citrus reticulata var. clementine),
- Tangerine, and similar
- Orange, of which there are sweet (Citrus sinensis) and sour (Citrus aurantium) species
- Hybrids of the preceding species, such as the Orangelo, Tangelo, Rangpur and Ugli fruit
- See also: List of Citrus fruits
Other subtropical fruits:
- Avocado (Persea americana; Lauraceae)
- Feijoa (Feijoa sellowiana; Myrtaceae)
- Guava (Psidium guajava; Myrtaceae)
- Kumquat (Fortunella spp.; Rutaceae)
- Longan (Euphoria longan; Sapindaceae)
- Lúcuma (Pouteria lucuma; Sapotaceae)
- Lychee (Litchi chinensis; Sapindaceae)
- Passion fruit or Grenadilla (Passiflora edulis and other Passiflora spp.; Passifloraceae) Galendar in some part of east India (Darjeeling)
- Pond-apple (Annona glabra; Annonaceae) Also called Alligator-apple and Monkey-apple
- Strawberry guava (Psidium litorale; Myrtaceae)
- Tamarillo or Tree Tomato (Cyphomandra betacea; Solanaceae)
- Yangmei (Myrica rubra; Myricaceae) Also called Yamamomo, Chinese Bayberry, Japanese Bayberry, Red Bayberry, or Chinese strawberry tree
Tropical fruits
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Tropical fruit grow on plants of all habitats. The only characteristic that they share is an intolerance of frost.
- Açaí (Euterpe oleracea; Arecaceae)
- Acerola (Malpighia glabra; Malpighiaceae)
- African cherry orange ([[Citropsis schweinfurthii; Rutaceae)
- Akee (Blighia sapida or Cupania sapida; Sapindaceae)
- Amazon Grape (Pourouma cecropiaefolia;Moraceae)
- Babaco (Carica pentagona; Caricaceae)
- Bael (Aegle marmelos; Rutaceae)
- Banana (Musacea spp.; Musaceae); its starchy variant is the plantain
- Barbados Cherry (Malpighia glabra L.; Malpighiaceae), also called Acerola, West Indian Cherry
- Bilimbi (Averrhoa bilimbi; Oxalidaceae) Also called cucumber tree or tree sorrel
- Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis; Moraceae)
- Burmese grape (Baccaurea sapida; Cucurbitaceae)
- Calabash (Lagenaria siceraria; Bignoniaceae)
- CamuCamu (Myrciaria dubia; Myrtaceae)
- Canistel (Pouteria campechiana; Sapotaceae)
- Carambola (Averrhoa carambola; Oxalidaceae), also called star fruit
- Cempedak (Artocarpus champeden; Moraceae)
- Cherimoya (Annona cherimola; Annonaceae)
- Coconut (Cocos spp.; Arecaceae)
- Custard apple (Annona reticulata; Annonaceae), also called Bullock's Heart
- Damson Plum (Chrysophyllum oliviforme; Sapotaceae), also called Satin Leaf
- Date-plum (Diospyros lotus; Ebenaceae)
- Dragonfruit (Hylocereus spp.; Cactaceae), also called pitaya
- Durian (Durio spp.; Bombacaceae)
- Eggfruit (Pouteria campechiana; Sapotaceae), also called canistel or yellow sapote
- Elephant apple (Dillenia indica; Dilleniaceae)
- Guarana (Paullinia cupana; Sapindaceae)
- Guavaberry or Rumberry; (Myrciaria floribunda; Myrtaceae)
- Horned melon (Cucumis metuliferus; Cucurbitaceae)
- Indian Prune (Flacourtia rukan; Flacourtiaceae)
- Jaboticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora; Myrtaceae), also called Brazilian Grape Tree
- Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Moraceae), also called nangka
- Jambul (Syzygium cumini; Myrtaceae)
- Jatobá (Hymenae coubaril; Leguminosae) Caesalpinioideae)
- Jenipapo (Genipa americana; Rubiaceae)
- Keppel fruit (Stelechocarpus burakol; Annonaceae)
- Kandis (Garcinia forbesii; Clusiaceae)
- Kundong (Garcinia sp.; Clusiaceae)
- Langsat (Lansium domesticum), also called longkong or duku
- Mabolo, (Diospyros discolor; Ebenaceae) also known as a velvet persimmon
- Mamey sapote (Pouteria sapota; Sapotaceae)
- Mamoncillo (Melicoccus bijugatus; Sapindaceae), also known as quenepa, genip or Fijian Longan
- Mango (Mangifera indica; Anacardiaceae)
- Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana; Clusiaceae)
- Marang (Artocarpus odoratissima; Moraceae), a breadfruit relative
- Monstera (Monstera deliciosa; Araceae) also called Swiss Cheese Plant, Split-leaf Philodendron
- Naranjilla, Lulo (Solanum quitoense; Solanaceae)
- Papaya (Carica papaya; Caricaceae)
- Peanut butter fruit (Bunchosia argentea; Malpighiaceae)
- Pequi or Souari Nut (Caryocar brasiliense; Caryocaraceae)
- Pineapple (Ananas comosus or Ananas sativas; Bromeliaceae)
- Pitomba (Eugenia luschnathiana or Talisia esculenta)
- Pupunha or peach-palm (Bactris gasipaes; Palmae)
- Poha or Cape Gooseberry (Physalis peruviana; Solanaceae)
- Poisonleaf (Dichapetalum cymosum) (?)
- Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum; Sapindaceae)
- Red Mombin (Spondias purpurea; Anacardiaceae)
- Riberry (Syzygium luehmannii; Myrtaceae), also called Lilly Pilly, Lillipilli, Chinese Apple
- Rose apple (Syzygium jambos; Myrtaceae), also called Malay apple
- Salak (Salacca edulis), also called snakefruit
- Santol (Sandoricum koetjape; Meliaceae)
- Sapodilla (Achras/Manilkara zapota; Sapotaceae), also called chiku, mespel, naseberry, sapadilla, snake fruit, sawo
- Soursop (Annona muricata; Annonaceae), also called guanabana
- Star apple (Chrysophyllum cainito), also called caimito
- Sugar apple (Annona squamosa; Annonaceae)
- Surinam Cherry (Eugenia uniflora; Myrtaceae) also called Brazilian Cherry, Cayenne Cherry, Pitanga
- Tamarind (Tamarindus indica; Caesalpiniaceae)
- Wax apple (Syzygium samarangense)
Inedible fruit
- Ivy (Hedera spp.; Araliaceae)
- Linden (Tilia spp.; Malvaceae) also known as Lime, Basswood
- Osage-orange (Maclura pomifera; Moraceae)
- Privet (Ligustrum spp.; Oleaceae)
- Silverbells (Halesia spp.; Styracaceae)
- Snowberry (Symphoricarpos spp.; Caprifoliaceae)
- Soapberry (Sapindus spp.; Sapindaceae)
- Wahoo (Euonymus atropurpureus; Celastraceae)
Unsorted
- Ice Plant (Carpobrotus edulis; Aizoaceae)
- Bael (Aegle marmelos; Rutaceae)
- Garden Peach Tomato
- Araza (Eugenia Stipitata)
- Chocolate vine (Akebia quinata)
- Elaeagnus angustifolia (Russian olive)
- Taxus baccata (Yew) sweet red fruit with a highly toxic seed.
- Japanese wineberry (Rubus phoenicolasius)
